English
11. The Exposition of the Discourse on Quarrels and Disputes Now will be expounded the exposition of the discourse on quarrels and disputes – 97. From where arise quarrels, disputes, Lamentations, sorrows, and envy too; Pride, arrogance, and slander too, From where do they arise? Tell me that now. “From where arise quarrels, disputes?” Quarrel is one kind of quarrel; dispute is the same. What is a quarrel is a dispute, what is a dispute is a quarrel. Or, in another way, dispute is said to be the precursor of quarrel. Kings dispute with kings, Khattiyas dispute with Khattiyas, Brahmins dispute with Brahmins, Householders dispute with householders, Mother disputes with son, Son disputes with mother, Father disputes with son, Son disputes with father, Brother disputes with brother, Brother disputes with sister, Sister disputes with brother, Friend disputes with friend – this is dispute. What is quarrel? Householders, given to violence, quarrel with body and speech; Monastics, having committed an offense, quarrel with body and speech – this is quarrel. “From where arise quarrels, disputes?” Quarrels and disputes, from where do they arise? From where are they born? From where do they originate? From where do they come into being? From where do they appear? What is their cause? What is their source? What is their origin? What is their rise? He asks for the root of quarrel and dispute, He asks for the cause, he asks for the origin, He asks for the arising, he asks for the source, He asks for the generation, he asks for the sustenance, He asks for the object, he asks for the condition, He asks for the accumulation, he asks, he begs, he entreats, he pleases – “From where arise quarrels, disputes?” “Lamentations, sorrows, and envy too.” Lamentation is for one afflicted by loss of relatives, Or afflicted by loss of wealth, Or afflicted by loss due to illness, Or afflicted by loss of virtue, Or afflicted by loss of view, Or endowed with some other kind of loss, Or by some other kind of suffering... Afflicted by a painful thing, lamentation, wailing, lamenting, wailing, the state of lamenting, the state of wailing, speech, babbling, incoherent babbling, prattling, the act of prattling, the state of prattling. Sorrow means for one afflicted by loss of relatives, or afflicted by loss of wealth, sickness, loss of virtue, or loss of view, or for one endowed with any other misfortune, or afflicted by any other painful thing, sorrow, grieving, the state of grieving, inner sorrow, inner deep sorrow, inner burning, inner deep burning, mental anguish, displeasure, the dart of sorrow. Stinginess means five kinds of stinginess – stinginess regarding dwelling, stinginess regarding families, stinginess regarding gain, stinginess regarding praise, stinginess regarding the Dhamma. Whatever such stinginess, miserliness, the state of being a miser, envy, meanness, harshness, the ungrasping of the mind – this is called stinginess. Moreover, stinginess regarding aggregates is also stinginess, stinginess regarding elements is also stinginess, stinginess regarding sense-bases is also stinginess, a grasping. This is called stinginess – lamentation and sorrow together with stinginess. Conceit, excessive conceit, and slander. Conceit means here, someone generates conceit by birth, or by clan, or by being a son of a good family, or by beauty of complexion, or by wealth, or by learning, or by profession, or by craft, or by knowledge, or by listening, or by quick wit, or by any other thing. Excessive conceit means here, someone despises another by birth, or by clan... or by any other thing. Slander means here, someone is a slanderer – having heard something here, he tells it there for the breaking up of these (people), or having heard something there, he tells it to these (people) for the breaking up of those (people). Thus, he is a breaker of the united, or an inciter of the divided, delighting in factions, enjoying factions, rejoicing in factions, he speaks words that create factions – this is called slander. Moreover, slander is brought about by two reasons – either by desire for affection or by intention to divide. How is slander brought about by desire for affection... love? "I will be dear to him, I will be pleasing to him, I will be trusted by him, I will be intimate with him, I will be a good friend to him"— thus, out of desire for dearness, he brings about tale-bearing. How does he bring about tale-bearing with the intention of division? "How can these be separate, be apart, be factions, be in two ways, be in two minds, be in two parties, be divided, not come together, dwell unhappily, not at ease?"— thus, with the intention of division, he brings about tale-bearing. Thus, pride and excessive pride along with tale-bearing. "From where do they arise, tell me that now!" Quarrel and dispute, lamentation and sorrow, and stinginess, and pride, and excessive pride, and tale-bearing— these eight defilements, from where do they arise? From where are they born? From where are they produced? From where do they originate? From where do they manifest? From where do they appear? What is their cause? What is their origin? What is their kind? What is their source? He asks the root of these eight defilements, he asks the cause, he asks the origin, he asks the arising, he asks the source, he asks the production, he asks the sustenance, he asks the object, he asks the condition, he asks the arising, he asks, he requests, he entreats, he pleases. "From where do they arise, tell me that now!" "Tell, explain, declare, make known, establish, uncover, divide, make clear, reveal!"— "From where do they arise, tell me that now!" Therefore, that created being said: "From where arise quarrels, disputes, lamentations, sorrows, along with stinginess? Pride, excessive pride, along with tale-bearing— from where do they arise, tell me that now!" 98. From dearness arise quarrels, disputes, lamentations, sorrows, along with stinginess; Pride, excessive pride, along with tale-bearing. Quarrels and disputes are connected with stinginess; And tale-bearing arises from disputes. "From dearness arise quarrels, disputes, lamentations, sorrows, along with stinginess." "Dearness" means two kinds of dearness: beings or formations. Which beings are dear? Here, those who are well-wishers, benefactors, comfort-seekers, security-seekers for someone: mother or father, brother or sister, or a son, or a daughter, or friends, or ministers, or relatives, or blood-relations – these beings are dear. Which formations are dear? Pleasing forms, pleasing sounds, pleasing smells, pleasing tastes, pleasing touches – these formations are dear. A dear object, even fearing its loss, they quarrel, even while it is being lost, they quarrel, even when it is lost, they quarrel. A dear object, even fearing its change, they quarrel, even while it is changing, they quarrel, even when it has changed, they quarrel. A dear object, even fearing its loss, they dispute, even while it is being lost, they dispute, even when it is lost, they dispute. A dear object, even fearing its change, they dispute, even while it is changing, they dispute, even when it has changed, they dispute. A dear object, even fearing its loss, they lament, even while it is being lost, they lament, even when it is lost, they lament. A dear object, even fearing its change, they lament, even while it is changing, they lament, even when it has changed, they lament. A dear object, even fearing its loss, they grieve, even while it is being lost, they grieve, even when it is lost, they grieve. A dear object, even fearing its change, they grieve, even while it is changing, they grieve, even when it has changed, they grieve. A dear object, they guard, they protect, they cling to, they identify with, they are possessive. Pride, excessive pride, and slander. Relying on a dear object, they generate pride, relying on a dear object, they generate excessive pride. How do they generate pride relying on a dear object? "We are gainers of pleasing forms, of pleasing sounds, of pleasing smells, of pleasing tastes, of pleasing touches." Thus, relying on a dear object, they generate pride. How do they generate excessive pride relying on a dear object? "We are gainers of pleasing forms, of pleasing sounds, of pleasing smells, of pleasing tastes, of pleasing touches, but these others are not gainers of pleasing forms, of pleasing sounds, of pleasing smells, of pleasing tastes, of pleasing touches." Thus, relying on a dear object, they generate excessive pride. Slander: here, some slanderer... He is a slanderer, having heard here, he tells there for their division… thus with the intention of causing division, he brings forth slander… pride and excessive pride, together with slander. Strife and disputes associated with stinginess. Strife and dispute and lamentation and sorrow and pride and excessive pride and slander – these seven defilements are connected, joined, bound, thoroughly bound with stinginess – strife and disputes associated with stinginess. And slanders in arisen disputes. When a dispute has arisen, come into being, been produced, fully produced, become manifest, they bring forth slander; having heard here, they tell there for their division, or having heard there, they tell here for their division. Thus they are breakers of the united, or encouragers of the divided, delighting in factions, enjoying factions, rejoicing in factions, speakers of words that cause factions – this is called slander. And they bring forth slander for two reasons – either from a desire for affection or with the intention of causing division. How do they bring forth slander from a desire for affection? "We shall be dear to him, we shall be pleasing, we shall be trusted, we shall be intimate, we shall be well-hearted." Thus they bring forth slander from a desire for affection. How do they bring forth slander with the intention of causing division?