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And that Brahma, delighted, approved of the words spoken by that member of the Brahma assembly. 6. The Discourse on the Brahma World 177. Occasion at Savatthi. At that time, the Blessed One was abiding in a day-dwelling, secluded. Then Subrahma, a solitary Brahma, and Suddhāvāsa, a solitary Brahma, approached the Blessed One; having approached, each stood leaning against a doorpost. Then Subrahma, the solitary Brahma, said to Suddhāvāsa, the solitary Brahma: "It is not yet time, friend, to attend upon the Blessed One; the Blessed One is in a day-dwelling, secluded. And a certain Brahma world is prosperous and flourishing, and the Brahma there dwells in heedlessness. Come, friend, let us approach that Brahma world; having approached, let us arouse that Brahma." "Yes, friend," Suddhāvāsa, the solitary Brahma, replied to Subrahma, the solitary Brahma. Then Subrahma, the solitary Brahma, and Suddhāvāsa, the solitary Brahma—just as a strong man… (etc.)… even so—vanished from before the Blessed One and appeared in that Brahma world. That Brahma saw those Brahmas coming from afar. Having seen them, he said to those Brahmas: "Well, whence do you come, friends?" "We have come, friend, from the presence of that Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Self-Enlightened One. You should go, friend, to attend upon that Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Self-Enlightened One." When this was said, that Brahma, not assenting to that statement, created himself a thousandfold and said to Subrahma, the solitary Brahma: "Do you see, friend, my such a wondrous psychic power?” “Indeed, sir, I see such a wondrous psychic power of yours.” “Since I, sir, am so mighty and so powerful, to whose service other than a recluse or brahmin shall I go?” Then Subrahmā the Paccekabrahma, having created himself two thousand times, said to that Brahmā, “Do you not see, sir, such a wondrous psychic power of mine?” “Indeed, sir, I see such a wondrous psychic power of yours.” “You, sir, and I, are both surpassed by the Blessed One in might and power. Would you go, sir, to the service of that Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Self-Enlightened One?” Then that Brahmā addressed Subrahmā the Paccekabrahma with a verse: “Three eagles and four geese, Tigresses and five hundred meditators; This mansion, Brahmā, shines, Illuminating the northern quarter.” “Even though your mansion shines, Illuminating the northern quarter; Seeing strife in form, ever trembling, Therefore the wise one delights not in form.” Then Subrahmā the Paccekabrahma and Suddhāvāsa the Paccekabrahma, having stirred that Brahmā, vanished right there. And that Brahmā, at a later time, went to the service of the Blessed One, the Arahant, the Perfectly Self-Enlightened One. 7. Kokālika Sutta 178. Occasion at Sāvatthī. Now at that time the Blessed One was staying in seclusion during the day. Then Subrahmā the Paccekabrahma and Suddhāvāsa the Paccekabrahma approached the Blessed One; having approached, they stood each leaning against a doorpost. Then Subrahmā the Paccekabrahma, concerning the monk Kokālika, spoke this verse in the presence of the Blessed One: “Measuring the immeasurable, how could a wise one speculate? One who measures the immeasurable, I consider him to be restrained…” an ordinary person.” 8. The Discourse on Katamodakatissa 179. Occasion at Sāvatthī. At that time, the Blessed One was dwelling in seclusion during the day. Then Subrahmā, a solitary Brahmā, and Suddhāvāsa, a solitary Brahmā, approached the Blessed One; having approached, they stood leaning against a doorpost, each one. Then Suddhāvāsa, a solitary Brahmā, concerning the bhikkhu Katamodakatissa, spoke this verse in the presence of the Blessed One: “Measuring the immeasurable, How could a wise one speculate? One who measures the immeasurable, I deem him covered, without defilement.” 9. The Discourse on Turū Brahmā 180. Occasion at Sāvatthī. At that time, the bhikkhu Kokālika was afflicted, suffering, gravely ill. Then Turū, a solitary Brahmā, when the night was far advanced, with resplendent beauty illuminating the entire Jeta Grove, approached the bhikkhu Kokālika; having approached, standing in the air, he said to the bhikkhu Kokālika: “Gladden your mind, Kokālika, towards Sāriputta and Moggallāna. Sāriputta and Moggallāna are amiable.” “Who are you, friend?” “I am Turū, a solitary Brahmā.” “Are you not, friend, declared by the Blessed One to be a non-returner? Why then have you come here? See how much you have erred!” “Indeed, for a person born, An axe is born in his mouth; With which he cuts himself, A fool speaking ill. “Whoever praises what is blameworthy, Or blames what is praiseworthy; He gathers misfortune with his mouth, With that misfortune he finds no happiness. “Small is this misfortune, Which is a loss of wealth in dice; Even with all one’s possessions, and oneself, This is a much greater misfortune; Whoever defiles his mind towards the well-gone. “A hundred thousand nirabbudas, Thirty-six and five abbudas; Whoever blames the noble ones goes to hell, Having set his speech and mind on evil.” 10. The Kokālika Sutta 181. At Sāvatthī. Then the monk Kokālika approached the Blessed One; having approached and paid homage to the Blessed One, he sat down to one side. Sitting to one side, the monk Kokālika said to the Blessed One, “Bhante, Sāriputta and Moggallāna are evil-willed, they have fallen under the sway of evil desires.” When this was said, the Blessed One said to the monk Kokālika, “Do not speak thus, Kokālika; do not speak thus, Kokālika. Have confidence, Kokālika, in Sāriputta and Moggallāna. Sāriputta and Moggallāna are dear.” A second time, the monk Kokālika said to the Blessed One, “Even though, Bhante, the Blessed One is trustworthy and reliable to me; yet, Bhante, Sāriputta and Moggallāna are evil-willed, they have fallen under the sway of evil desires.” A second time, the Blessed One said to the monk Kokālika, “Do not speak thus, Kokālika; do not speak thus, Kokālika. Have confidence, Kokālika, in Sāriputta and Moggallāna. Sāriputta and Moggallāna are dear.” A third time, the monk Kokālika said to the Blessed One, “Even though…pe… they have fallen under the sway of evil desires.” A third time, the Blessed One said to the monk Kokālika, “Do not speak thus…pe… Sāriputta and Moggallāna are dear.” Then the monk Kokālika rose from his seat, paid homage to the Blessed One, circumambulated him, and departed. Not long after the monk Kokālika had departed, his entire body became covered with pimples the size of mustard seeds. Having been the size of mustard seeds, they became the size of mung beans; having been the size of mung beans, they became the size of chickpeas; having been the size of chickpeas, they became the size of jujube seeds; having been the size of jujube seeds, they became the size of jujubes; having been the size of jujubes, they became the size of myrobalans; having been the size of myrobalans, they became the size of unripe wood apples; Having been like a mustard seed, they became like a wood-apple. Having been like a wood-apple, they burst open. Pus and blood flowed forth. Then the monk Kokālika died from that very illness. And having died, the monk Kokālika was reborn in the Paduma hell, having harbored ill-will towards Sāriputta and Moggallāna. Then Brahmā Sahampati, when the night was far advanced, with resplendent beauty illuminating the entire Jeta Grove, approached the Blessed One; having approached, he paid homage to the Blessed One and stood to one side. Standing to one side, Brahmā Sahampati said to the Blessed One: "Venerable sir, the monk Kokālika has died. And having died, Venerable sir, the monk Kokālika has been reborn in the Paduma hell, having harbored ill-will towards Sāriputta and Moggallāna." This is what Brahmā Sahampati said, and having said this, he paid homage to the Blessed One, circumambulated him clockwise, and then vanished right there. Then, when that night had passed, the Blessed One addressed the monks: "Monks, this night, Brahmā Sahampati, when the night was far advanced, with resplendent beauty illuminating the entire Jeta Grove, approached me; having approached, he paid homage to me and stood to one side. Standing to one side, Monks, Brahmā Sahampati said to me: 'Venerable sir, the monk Kokālika has died. And having died, Venerable sir, the monk Kokālika has been reborn in the Paduma hell, having harbored ill-will towards Sāriputta and Moggallāna.' This is what Brahmā Sahampati said, Monks, and having said this, he paid homage to me, circumambulated me clockwise, and then vanished right there." When this was said, a certain monk said to the Blessed One: "Venerable sir, how long is the lifespan in the Paduma hell?" "Long, monk, is the lifespan in the Paduma hell. It is not easy to calculate it – saying, 'so many years,' or 'so many hundreds of years,' or 'so many thousands of years,' or 'so many..." ...or for hundreds of thousands of years." "Is it possible, Venerable Sir, to make a comparison?" "It is possible, monks," the Blessed One said— "Just as, monks, a Kosalan cartload of twenty measures of sesame seeds. From that, a man might take out one single sesame seed after every hundred years; more quickly, indeed, monks, would that Kosalan cartload of twenty measures of sesame seeds come to an end, to exhaustion, by this method, but not so one Abbuda hell. Just as, monks, twenty Abbuda hells, so is one Nirabbuda hell. Just as, monks, twenty Nirabbuda hells, so is one Ababa hell. Just as, monks, twenty Ababa hells, so is one Aṭaṭa hell. Just as, monks, twenty Aṭaṭa hells, so is one Ahaha hell. Just as, monks, twenty Ahaha hells, so is one Kumuda hell. Just as, monks, twenty Kumuda hells, so is one Sogandhika hell. Just as, monks, twenty Sogandhika hells, so is one Uppala hell. Just as, monks, twenty Uppala hells, so is one Puṇḍarīka hell.