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And how, monks, is right view the forerunner? For one with right view, monks, right intention arises; for one with right intention, right speech arises; for one with right speech, right action arises; for one with right action, right livelihood arises; for one with right livelihood, right effort arises; for one with right effort, right mindfulness arises; for one with right mindfulness, right concentration arises; for one with right concentration, right knowledge arises; for one with right knowledge, right liberation arises. Thus, monks, the trainee endowed with eight factors [the trainee’s path endowed with eight factors], the Arahant is endowed with ten factors. (Therein also, by right knowledge, many evil unwholesome qualities are eliminated and reach completion in development). 142. “Therein, monks, right view is the forerunner. And how, monks, is right view the forerunner? For one with right view, monks, wrong view is worn away. And those many evil unwholesome qualities that arise from wrong view, they too are worn away for him. From right view, many wholesome qualities reach completion in development. For one with right intention, monks, wrong intention is worn away… For one with right speech, monks, wrong speech is worn away… For one with right action, monks, wrong action is worn away… For one with right livelihood, monks, wrong livelihood is worn away… For one with right effort, monks, wrong effort is worn away… For one with right mindfulness, monks, wrong mindfulness is worn away… For one with right concentration…” For him, monks, wrong concentration is worn away... For him, monks, wrong knowledge is worn away by right knowledge... For him, monks, wrong liberation is worn away by right liberation. And those many evil unwholesome states that arise from wrong liberation, they too are worn away for him. And from right liberation many wholesome states go to the fulfillment of development. Thus, monks, twenty wholesome sides, twenty unwholesome sides – this great forty-fold discourse on Dhamma is set forth, unassailable by any ascetic or brahmin, or god or Māra or Brahmā, or anyone in the world. 143. Whosoever, monks, any ascetic or brahmin, should consider this great forty-fold discourse on Dhamma to be censurable, to be rejected, for him, in this very life, ten co-dhamma arguments and counter-arguments will lead to a censurable position – If the venerable one censures right view, then those ascetics and brahmins with wrong view are revered by the venerable one, they are praised by the venerable one; If the venerable one censures right intention, then those ascetics and brahmins with wrong intention are revered by the venerable one, they are praised by the venerable one; If the venerable one censures right speech... If the venerable one censures right action... If the venerable one censures right livelihood... If the venerable one censures right effort... If the venerable one censures right mindfulness... If the venerable one censures right concentration... If the venerable one censures right knowledge... If the venerable one censures right liberation, then those ascetics and brahmins with wrong liberation are revered by the venerable one, they are praised by the venerable one. Whosoever, monks, any ascetic or brahmin, should consider this great forty-fold discourse on Dhamma to be censurable, to be rejected, for him, in this very life, these ten co-dhamma arguments and counter-arguments will lead to a censurable position. And even those, monks, who were Okkalas, Vassabhaññas, who were non-causationists, non-actionists, non- Even those who hold to their own views considered the Great Forty discourse not to be blamed, not to be denounced. What is the reason for that? "For fear of blame, anger, and reproach." The Blessed One said this. Those bhikkhus, delighted, rejoiced in the Blessed One's words. The Great Forty Discourse, the seventh, is finished. 8. The Discourse on Mindfulness of Breathing 144. Thus have I heard – On one occasion the Blessed One was staying at Sāvatthī, in the Eastern Park, in Migāra's Mother's Palace, together with many well-known elder disciples – with the Venerable Sāriputta, with the Venerable Mahāmoggallāna, with the Venerable Mahākassapa, with the Venerable Mahākaccāyana, with the Venerable Mahākoṭṭhika, with the Venerable Mahākappina, with the Venerable Mahācunda, with the Venerable Anuruddha, with the Venerable Revata, with the Venerable Ānanda, and with other well-known elder disciples. Now at that time the elder bhikkhus were advising and instructing the new bhikkhus. Some elder bhikkhus were advising and instructing even ten bhikkhus, some elder bhikkhus were advising and instructing even twenty bhikkhus, some elder bhikkhus were advising and instructing even thirty bhikkhus, some elder bhikkhus were advising and instructing even forty bhikkhus. And those new bhikkhus, being advised and instructed by the elder bhikkhus, understood a significant progressive distinction. 145. Now at that time on that Uposatha day, the fifteenth, the day of Pavāraṇā, on the full moon night, the Blessed One was sitting in the open air, surrounded by the assembly of bhikkhus. Then the Blessed One, having surveyed the silent, silent assembly of bhikkhus, addressed the bhikkhus – "I am ardent, bhikkhus, in this practice; my mind is ardent, bhikkhus, in this practice. Therefore, bhikkhus, even more..." Exert yourselves with all your might for the attainment of the unattained, for the realization of the unrealized, for the direct experience of the unexperienced. Here in Sāvatthī, I shall observe the Komudī four-month retreat. The bhikkhus from the countryside heard: "The Blessed One, it is said, will observe the Komudī four-month retreat right there in Sāvatthī." Those bhikkhus from the countryside went to Sāvatthī to see the Blessed One. And those elder bhikkhus instructed and advised the new bhikkhus with even greater diligence. Some elder bhikkhus instructed and advised even ten bhikkhus, some elder bhikkhus instructed and advised even twenty bhikkhus, some elder bhikkhus instructed and advised even thirty bhikkhus, some elder bhikkhus instructed and advised even forty bhikkhus. And those new bhikkhus, being instructed and advised by the elder bhikkhus, understood a great special distinction, from earlier to later. 146. Now at that time, on the Uposatha day, the fifteenth day, on the full moon night of the Komudī four-month retreat, the Blessed One was seated in the open air, surrounded by the assembly of bhikkhus. Then the Blessed One, having surveyed the silent, silent assembly of bhikkhus, addressed the bhikkhus: "This assembly, bhikkhus, is without prattle; this assembly, bhikkhus, is without idle talk; it is established in pure essence. Such, bhikkhus, is this assembly of bhikkhus; such, bhikkhus, is this assembly as is worthy of offerings, worthy of hospitality, worthy of gifts, worthy of reverential salutation, an unsurpassed field of merit for the world. Such, bhikkhus, is this assembly of bhikkhus; such, bhikkhus, is this assembly to which a little given becomes much, much given becomes much more. Such, bhikkhus, is this assembly of bhikkhus; such, bhikkhus, is this assembly as is rare for the world to see. Such This, monks, is a worthy community of bhikkhus; This, monks, is such a company that it is fit for a company to go many leagues to see, even by Puṭosena. There are, monks, bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus, Arahants, with defilements destroyed, who have lived the holy life, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, attained their own goal, with the fetters of existence utterly destroyed, rightly liberated through final knowledge – such, monks, are the bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus. There are, monks, bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus, with the destruction of the five lower fetters, spontaneously reborn, there attaining final Nibbāna, not liable to return from that world – such, monks, are the bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus. There are, monks, bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus, with the destruction of the three fetters, with the attenuation of lust, hatred, and delusion, Once-returners, who will return to this world just once, and make an end of suffering – such, monks, are the bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus. There are, monks, bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus, with the destruction of the three fetters, Stream-enterers, not liable to fall into a lower state, assured, with enlightenment as their destination – such, monks, are the bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus. There are, monks, bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus, who dwell devoted to the development of the four foundations of mindfulness – such, monks, are the bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus. There are, monks, bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus, who dwell devoted to the development of the four right exertions – such, monks, are the bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus. There are, monks, bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus, who dwell devoted to the development of the four bases of psychic power – such, monks, are the bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus. There are, monks, bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus, who dwell devoted to the development of the five spiritual faculties – such, monks, are the bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus. There are, monks, bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus, who dwell devoted to the development of the five spiritual powers – such, monks, are the bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus. There are, monks, bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus, who dwell devoted to the development of the seven factors of enlightenment – such, monks, are the bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus. There are, monks, bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus, who dwell devoted to the development of the Noble Eightfold Path – such, monks, are the bhikkhus in this community of bhikkhus. in the community of bhikkhus.