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in ascetic practice." Defilement 58. "But how, venerable sir, does the Blessed One declare various defilements in such a complete ascetic practice?" "Here, Nigrodha, an ascetic undertakes asceticism. He is pleased with that asceticism, his intention is fulfilled. That an ascetic undertakes asceticism, he is pleased with that asceticism, his intention is fulfilled. This too, Nigrodha, is a defilement for the ascetic." "And further, Nigrodha, an ascetic undertakes asceticism. He praises himself with that asceticism, and disparages others. That an ascetic undertakes asceticism, he praises himself with that asceticism, and disparages others. This too, Nigrodha, is a defilement for the ascetic." "And further, Nigrodha, an ascetic undertakes asceticism. He becomes intoxicated with that asceticism, he becomes deluded, he falls into heedlessness. That an ascetic undertakes asceticism, he becomes intoxicated with that asceticism, he becomes deluded, he falls into heedlessness. This too, Nigrodha, is a defilement for the ascetic." 59. "And further, Nigrodha, an ascetic undertakes asceticism. He generates gain, honor, and fame with that asceticism. He is pleased with that gain, honor, and fame, his intention is fulfilled. That an ascetic undertakes asceticism, he generates gain, honor, and fame with that asceticism. He is pleased with that gain, honor, and fame, his intention is fulfilled. This too, Nigrodha, is a defilement for the ascetic." "And further, Nigrodha, an ascetic undertakes asceticism. He generates gain, honor, and fame with that asceticism. He praises himself with that gain, honor, and fame, and disparages others..." belittles others. And also, Nigrodha, when an ascetic undertakes austerity, he thereby generates gain, honor, and fame. He, by that gain, honor, and fame, praises himself and belittles others. This too, Nigrodha, is an defilement for an ascetic. Furthermore, Nigrodha, when an ascetic undertakes austerity, he thereby generates gain, honor, and fame. He, by that gain, honor, and fame, becomes intoxicated, infatuated, and heedless. And also, Nigrodha, when an ascetic undertakes austerity, he thereby generates gain, honor, and fame. He, by that gain, honor, and fame, becomes intoxicated, infatuated, and heedless. This too, Nigrodha, is an defilement for an ascetic. 60. Furthermore, Nigrodha, an ascetic becomes selective in food – 'This is agreeable to me, this is not agreeable to me.' So, what is not agreeable to him, he abandons with attachment. But what is agreeable to him, he consumes, greedy, infatuated, engrossed, not seeing the danger, not discerning the escape… This too, Nigrodha, is an defilement for an ascetic. Furthermore, Nigrodha, an ascetic undertakes austerity for the sake of craving for gain, honor, and fame – 'Kings, royal ministers, khattiyas, brahmins, householders, sectarians will honor me'… This too, Nigrodha, is an defilement for an ascetic. 61. Furthermore, Nigrodha, an ascetic is one who disparages some other recluse or brahmin – 'Why does this one, living on much, consume everything? That is to say – root-seeds, stem-seeds, joint-seeds, shoot-seeds, and fifth, seed-seeds themselves, like a thunderbolt, a tooth-pick, by way of a recluse's declaration.'… This too, Nigrodha, is an defilement for an ascetic. Furthermore, Nigrodha, an ascetic sees some other recluse or brahmin being honored in families. Being honored, being respected, being esteemed, being worshipped. Seeing this, he thinks: 'Indeed, these many ascetics are honored in families, are respected, are esteemed, are worshipped. But me, a poor ascetic, living a harsh life, they do not honor in families, do not respect, do not esteem, do not worship.' Thus, he generates envy and stinginess towards families. This too, Nigrodha, is an impurity of the ascetic. 62. Again, moreover, Nigrodha, an ascetic sits in a conspicuous place. This too, Nigrodha, is an impurity of the ascetic. Again, moreover, Nigrodha, an ascetic moves among families displaying himself, thinking: 'This is my ascetic practice, this is my ascetic practice!' This too, Nigrodha, is an impurity of the ascetic. Again, moreover, Nigrodha, an ascetic practices something secretly. Being asked, 'Is this agreeable to you?' if it is not agreeable, he says, 'It is agreeable.' If it is agreeable, he says, 'It is not agreeable.' Thus, he speaks a deliberate falsehood. This too, Nigrodha, is an impurity of the ascetic. Again, moreover, Nigrodha, an ascetic does not acknowledge a valid, allowable point when the Tathāgata or a disciple of the Tathāgata is teaching the Dhamma. This too, Nigrodha, is an impurity of the ascetic. 63. Again, moreover, Nigrodha, an ascetic is angry and resentful. That an ascetic, Nigrodha, is angry and resentful, this too, Nigrodha, is an impurity of the ascetic. Again, moreover, Nigrodha, an ascetic is a denigrator and envious. This too, Nigrodha, is an impurity of the ascetic. Again, moreover, Nigrodha, an ascetic is envious and stingy. This too, Nigrodha, is an impurity of the ascetic. Again, moreover, Nigrodha, an ascetic is deceitful and fraudulent. This too, Nigrodha, is an impurity of the ascetic. Again, moreover, Nigrodha, an ascetic is stubborn and arrogant. This too, Nigrodha, is an impurity of the ascetic. Again, moreover, Nigrodha, an ascetic has evil desires and is under the sway of evil wishes. This too, Nigrodha, is an impurity of the ascetic. Again, moreover, Nigrodha, an ascetic has wrong view and is endowed with an extreme view. This too, Nigrodha, is an impurity of the ascetic. Again, moreover, Nigrodha, an ascetic clings to his own views, holds them tenaciously, and is hard to relinquish. That an ascetic, Nigrodha, clings to his own views, holds them tenaciously, and is hard to relinquish, This too... And indeed, O Nigrodha, for the ascetic there is defilement. "What do you think, O Nigrodha, are these things, born of asceticism, defilements or not defilements?" "Indeed, Venerable Sir, these things, born of asceticism, are defilements, not non-defilements. And it is indeed possible, Venerable Sir, that some ascetic here might be endowed with all these defilements; what then to say of one or another of them?" Discourse on Reaching the State of Purity 64. "Here, O Nigrodha, an ascetic undertakes ascetic practice. He is not pleased by that ascetic practice, nor is his resolve fulfilled. And indeed, O Nigrodha, an ascetic undertakes ascetic practice. He is not pleased by that ascetic practice, nor is his resolve fulfilled. Thus, in that respect, he is purified. "Furthermore, O Nigrodha, an ascetic undertakes ascetic practice. He does not praise himself by that ascetic practice, nor does he disparage others... ...thus, in that respect, he is purified. "Furthermore, O Nigrodha, an ascetic undertakes ascetic practice. He is not intoxicated by that ascetic practice, nor is he deluded, nor does he fall into heedlessness... ...thus, in that respect, he is purified. 65. "Furthermore, O Nigrodha, an ascetic undertakes ascetic practice. By that ascetic practice he generates gain, honor, and fame. He is not pleased by that gain, honor, and fame, nor is his resolve fulfilled... ...thus, in that respect, he is purified. "Furthermore, O Nigrodha, an ascetic undertakes ascetic practice. By that ascetic practice he generates gain, honor, and fame. He does not praise himself by that gain, honor, and fame, nor does he disparage others... ...thus, in that respect, he is purified. "Furthermore, O Nigrodha, an ascetic undertakes ascetic practice. By that ascetic practice he generates gain, honor, and fame. He is not intoxicated by that gain, honor, and fame, nor is he deluded, nor does he fall into heedlessness... ...thus, in that respect, he is purified. he is purified. 66. Again, Nigrodha, the ascetic does not make distinctions in food – 'This is agreeable to me, this is not agreeable to me.' That which is not agreeable to him, he abandons without attachment. But that which is agreeable to him, he consumes without greed, without infatuation, without being absorbed, seeing the danger, with wisdom of escape... ...in this way he is purified in that respect. Again, Nigrodha, the ascetic does not undertake ascetic practices for the sake of gain, honor, or renown – 'Kings, royal ministers, nobles, brahmins, householders, other ascetics will honor me'... ...in this way he is purified in that respect. 67. Again, Nigrodha, the ascetic does not disparage any other recluse or brahmin – 'Why does this one, living on much, consume everything? That is to say: root seeds, stem seeds, joint seeds, shoot seeds, and fifthly, seed seeds; thunderbolt-wheels, toothpicks, by way of a recluse's practice'... ...in this way he is purified in that respect. Again, Nigrodha, the ascetic sees another recluse or brahmin being honored, respected, esteemed, and revered by families. Seeing this, it does not occur to him: 'This one, living on much, is honored, respected, esteemed, and revered by families. But me, an ascetic living a harsh life, families do not honor, do not respect, do not esteem, do not revere.' Thus, he does not generate envy and stinginess regarding families... ...in this way he is purified in that respect. 68. Again, Nigrodha, the ascetic does not sit in conspicuous places... ...in this way he is purified in that respect. Again, Nigrodha, the ascetic does not move among families displaying himself – 'This too is my ascetic practice, this too is my ascetic practice'... ...in this way he is purified in that respect. Again, Nigrodha, the ascetic does not resort to anything hidden. , so – being asked, 'Is this agreeable to you?' if not agreeable, he says, 'It is not agreeable.' if agreeable, he says, 'It is agreeable.' Thus he does not speak a deliberate lie... in this way, he is purified in that respect. Furthermore, Nigrodha, a recluse, when the Tathāgata or a disciple of the Tathāgata is teaching the Dhamma,