English
The Chapter of Five 1. The Chapter on Acts 482. Four kinds of acts. Act by declaration, act by motion, act by motion and a second announcement, act by motion and a fourth announcement – these are the four kinds of acts. In how many ways do they fail? These four kinds of acts fail in five ways – by the basis, or by the motion, or by the announcement, or by the boundary, or by the assembly. 483. How do acts fail by the basis? An act to be done in presence is done not in presence, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; an act to be done by questioning is done without questioning, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; an act to be done by admission is done without admission, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; to one deserving a discipline of mindfulness is given a discipline for the unbewildered, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; to one deserving a discipline for the unbewildered is given a discipline of further misconduct, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; to one deserving a discipline of further misconduct is given an act of reprimand, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; to one deserving an act of reprimand is given an act of banishment, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; to one deserving an act of banishment is given an act of expulsion, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; to one deserving an act of expulsion is given an act of reconciliation, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; to one deserving an act of reconciliation is given an act of suspension, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; to one deserving an act of suspension is given a period of probation, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; one deserving a period of probation is brought back to the beginning, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; to one deserving to be brought back to the beginning is given a period of penance, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; one deserving a period of penance is reinstated, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; one deserving reinstatement is given higher ordination, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; the Uposatha is performed on a non-Uposatha day, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act; the Pavāraṇā is performed without a Pavāraṇā, an act failing by the basis, an unlawful act. Thus, acts fail by the basis. 484. How do acts fail by the motion? In five ways... How do acts fail due to the motion? He does not consult the matter, he does not consult the Sangha, he does not consult the individual, he does not consult the motion, or he puts forth the motion afterwards. By these five ways, acts fail due to the motion. 485. How do acts fail due to the announcement? By five ways, acts fail due to the announcement: he does not consult the matter, he does not consult the Sangha, he does not consult the individual, he omits the announcement, or he announces at an improper time. By these five ways, acts fail due to the announcement. 486. How do acts fail due to the boundary? By eleven ways, acts fail due to the boundary: he designates a boundary that is too small, he designates a boundary that is too large, he designates a boundary with broken marks, he designates a boundary with shadow marks, he designates a boundary without marks, standing outside the boundary, he designates a boundary, he designates a boundary in a river, he designates a boundary in the ocean, he designates a boundary in a natural lake, he breaks a boundary with a boundary, he overlaps a boundary with a boundary. By these eleven ways, acts fail due to the boundary. 487. How do acts fail due to the assembly? By twelve ways, acts fail due to the assembly: in an act requiring four monks, as many monks as are eligible for the act are not present, the consent of those eligible for consent is not brought, those present object; in an act requiring four monks, as many monks as are eligible for the act are present, the consent of those eligible for consent is not brought, those present object; in an act requiring four monks, as many monks as are eligible for the act are present, the consent of those eligible for consent is brought, those present object. In an act requiring five monks... (and so on for ten monks)... in an act requiring twenty monks, as many monks as are eligible for the act are not present, the consent of those eligible for consent is not brought, those present object; in an act requiring twenty monks, as many What monks are eligible for the act, they are present, the consent of those eligible for consent is not brought, those present object. In an act requiring twenty, as many monks as are eligible for the act, they are present, the consent of those eligible for consent is brought, those present object – by these twelve ways the acts of the assembly fail. 488. For an act requiring four, four ordinary monks are eligible for the act; the rest, being ordinary, are eligible for consent. He for whom the Saṅgha performs the act is neither eligible for the act nor eligible for consent, but he is eligible for the act (to be done for him). For an act requiring five, five ordinary monks are eligible for the act; the rest, being ordinary, are eligible for consent. He for whom the Saṅgha performs the act is neither eligible for the act nor eligible for consent, but he is eligible for the act (to be done for him). For an act requiring ten, ten ordinary monks are eligible for the act; the rest, being ordinary, are eligible for consent. He for whom the Saṅgha performs the act is neither eligible for the act nor eligible for consent, but he is eligible for the act (to be done for him). For an act requiring twenty, twenty ordinary monks are eligible for the act; the rest, being ordinary, are eligible for consent. He for whom the Saṅgha performs the act is neither eligible for the act nor eligible for consent, but he is eligible for the act (to be done for him). 489. There are four acts: the act of announcement, the motion-act, the motion-second act, the motion-fourth act. By how many ways do these four acts fail? These four acts fail by five ways: due to the basis, or due to the motion, or due to the announcement, or due to the boundary, or due to the assembly. 490. How do acts fail due to the basis? One ordains a eunuch: an act failed due to the basis, an unrighteous act. One ordains a thief-companion: an act failed due to the basis, an unrighteous act. One ordains one who has gone over to another sect: an act failed due to the basis, an unrighteous act. One ordains an animal: an act failed due to the basis, an unrighteous act. One ordains a matricide: an act failed due to the basis, an unrighteous act. One ordains a parricide: an act failed due to the basis, an unrighteous act. Flawed, an unlawful act. One ordains a killer of an Arahant, an unlawful act flawed in respect of the object. One ordains a defiler of a bhikkhuni, an unlawful act flawed in respect of the object. One ordains a schism-maker, an unlawful act flawed in respect of the object. One ordains one who has shed the Buddha's blood, an unlawful act flawed in respect of the object. One ordains a hermaphrodite, an unlawful act flawed in respect of the object. One ordains a person under twenty years old, an unlawful act flawed in respect of the object. Thus, acts are flawed in respect of the object. 491. How are acts flawed in respect of the motion? Acts are flawed in respect of the motion in five ways. Does not refer to the object, does not refer to the Sangha, does not refer to the individual, does not refer to the motion, or places the motion afterwards – By these five ways, acts are flawed in respect of the motion. 492. How are acts flawed in respect of the announcement? Acts are flawed in respect of the announcement in five ways – Does not refer to the object, does not refer to the Sangha, does not refer to the individual, omits the announcement, or announces at an improper time – By these five ways, acts are flawed in respect of the announcement. 493. How are acts flawed in respect of the boundary? Acts are flawed in respect of the boundary in eleven ways. Establishes a boundary that is too small, establishes a boundary that is too large, establishes a boundary with broken marks, establishes a boundary with shadow marks, establishes a boundary without marks, standing outside the boundary, establishes a boundary, establishes a boundary in a river, establishes a boundary in the ocean, establishes a boundary in a natural lake, joins a boundary with a boundary, overlaps a boundary with a boundary – By these eleven ways, acts are flawed in respect of the boundary. 494. How are acts flawed in respect of the assembly? Acts are flawed in respect of the assembly in twelve ways – In an act requiring a quorum of four, as many bhikkhus as are eligible for the act are not present, the consent of those eligible to give it is not brought, those present object, In an act requiring four monks, as many monks as are eligible for the act have come, the consent of those worthy of consent has not been brought, those present object. In an act requiring four monks, as many monks as are eligible for the act have come, the consent of those worthy of consent has been brought, those present object. In an act requiring five monks, in an act requiring ten monks, in an act requiring twenty monks, as many monks as are eligible for the act have not come, the consent of those worthy of consent has not been brought, those present object. In an act requiring twenty monks, as many monks as are eligible for the act have come, the consent of those worthy of consent has not been brought, those present object. In an act requiring twenty monks, as many monks as are eligible for the act have come, the consent of those worthy of consent has been brought, those present object – by these twelve ways the acts of the assembly fail. 495.