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the junior monk should be addressed thus: "Friend, I invite criticism from you, concerning what has been seen, or heard, or suspected. Let the venerable one speak to me out of compassion. Seeing it, I will make amends. A second time... and a third time, friend, I invite criticism from you, concerning what has been seen, or heard, or suspected. Let the venerable one speak to me out of compassion. Seeing it, I will make amends." By the junior monk, having arranged his upper robe over one shoulder, having squatted, having raised his hands in añjali, the elder monk should be addressed thus: "Venerable sir, I invite criticism from you, concerning what has been seen, or heard, or suspected. Let the venerable one speak to me out of compassion. Seeing it, I will make amends. A second time... and a third time, venerable sir, I invite criticism from you, concerning what has been seen, or heard, or suspected. Let the venerable one speak to me out of compassion. Seeing it, I will make amends." 218. Now at that time, in a certain dwelling, on the day of the Pavāraṇā, a single monk was residing. Then it occurred to that monk: "The Blessed One has allowed for five to invite criticism in the Sangha, for four to invite mutual criticism, for three to invite mutual criticism, for two to invite mutual criticism. But I am alone. How then should I invite criticism?" They reported this matter to the Blessed One. Here, monks, in a certain dwelling, on the day of the Pavāraṇā, a single monk is residing. That monk, monks, should go to where the monks usually gather, whether in the service hall, or in a pavilion, or at the foot of a tree, That place having been swept, drinking water and food having been set out, a seat having been arranged, a lamp having been lit, one should sit. If other bhikkhus come, with them one should make the Pavāraṇā; if they do not come, 'Today is my Pavāraṇā' thus one should resolve. If one does not resolve, there is an offense of wrong-doing. There, bhikkhus, where five bhikkhus dwell, if one has not sent his Pavāraṇā, the Sangha Pavāraṇā should be performed by four. If they *do* perform the Pavāraṇā (thus), there is an offense of wrong-doing. There, bhikkhus, where four bhikkhus dwell, if one has not sent his Pavāraṇā, by three they should make the Pavāraṇā among themselves. If they *do* make the Pavāraṇā (thus), there is an offense of wrong-doing. There, bhikkhus, where three bhikkhus dwell, if one has not sent his Pavāraṇā, by two they should make the Pavāraṇā among themselves. If they *do* make the Pavāraṇā (thus), there is an offense of wrong-doing. There, bhikkhus, where two bhikkhus dwell, if one has not sent his Pavāraṇā, by one it should be resolved. If one *does* resolve (thus), there is an offense of wrong-doing. The distinctions concerning the Sangha Pavāraṇā and so forth are concluded. 125. The method for rectifying offenses 219. Now at that time a certain bhikkhu on the day of Pavāraṇā had incurred an offense. Then it occurred to that bhikkhu: "It has been laid down by the Blessed One: 'One who has an offense should not make the Pavāraṇā.' And I have incurred an offense. How then should I proceed?" They reported this matter to the Blessed One. Here, bhikkhus, if a bhikkhu on the day of Pavāraṇā has incurred an offense. By that bhikkhu, bhikkhus, having approached one bhikkhu, having arranged his upper robe over one shoulder, having squatted, having raised his joined hands, he should be addressed thus: "Friend, I have incurred such-and-such an offense; I confess it." He should say: "Do you see it?" "Yes, I see it." "You should restrain yourself in the future." Here, bhikkhus, if a bhikkhu on the day of Pavāraṇā is in doubt about an offense. By that, bh Monks, a monk should approach a certain monk, arrange his upper robe over one shoulder, sit in a squatting position, raise his joined hands, and say this: "Friend, I am doubtful about such-and-such an offense; when I am no longer doubtful, then I will make amends for that offense." Having said this, he should make the invitation; but on that account, the invitation should not be interrupted. The method for making amends for offenses is finished. 126. The method for revealing offenses 220. Now at that time, a certain monk, while making the invitation, remembered an offense. Then it occurred to that monk: "The Blessed One has prescribed, 'One should not make the invitation with an offense.' And I have committed an offense. How should I proceed?" They reported this matter to the Blessed One. Here, Monks, a monk, while making the invitation, remembers an offense. That monk, Monks, should say this to a nearby monk: "Friend, I have committed such-and-such an offense. Having risen from here, I will make amends for that offense." Having said this, he should make the invitation; but on that account, the invitation should not be interrupted. Here, Monks, a monk, while making the invitation, is doubtful about an offense. That monk, Monks, Should say this to a nearby monk: "Friend, I am doubtful about such-and-such an offense; when I am no longer doubtful, then I will make amends for that offense." Having said this, he should make the invitation; but on that account, the invitation should not be interrupted. The method for revealing offenses is finished. 127. The method for making amends for a shared offense 221. Now at that time, in a certain dwelling, on the day of the invitation, the entire Sangha had committed a shared offense. Then it occurred to those monks: "The Blessed One has prescribed, 'A shared offense should not be confessed, a shared offense should not be received.' And this entire Sangha has committed a shared offense. How should we should be practiced?” They reported this matter to the Blessed One. Here, monks, in a certain dwelling, on the day of Pavāraṇā, the entire Sangha has incurred a common offense. By those monks, monks, one monk should be quickly sent from the vicinity of the dwelling – “Go, friend, rectify that offense and return; we will rectify that offense in your presence.” If this can be achieved, that is good. If it cannot be achieved, the Sangha should be informed by a competent and capable monk – “May the Sangha, venerable sirs, listen to me. This entire Sangha has incurred a common offense. When it sees another monk who is pure and without offense, it will rectify that offense in his presence,” having said this, Pavāraṇā should be performed; but on that account, no obstacle should be made to the Pavāraṇā. Here, monks, in a certain dwelling, on the day of Pavāraṇā, the entire Sangha is in doubt about a common offense. The Sangha should be informed by a competent and capable monk – “May the Sangha, venerable sirs, listen to me. This entire Sangha is in doubt about a common offense. When it is free from doubt, it will rectify that offense,” having said this, Pavāraṇā should be performed, but on that account, no obstacle should be made to the Pavāraṇā. The method for rectifying a common offense is finished. The first recitation section is finished. 128. Fifteen cases of no offense 222. Now at that time, in a certain dwelling, on the day of Pavāraṇā, many resident monks gathered, five or more. They did not know, “Are there other resident monks who have not arrived?” They, perceiving the Dhamma, perceiving the Vinaya, being in a faction, perceiving themselves as united, performed Pavāraṇā. While they were performing Pavāraṇā, then other resident monks, more numerous, arrived. They reported this matter to the Blessed One. Here, monks, in a certain dwelling, on the day of Pavāraṇā, many resident monks gather, five or more. They do not know, “ "Other resident bhikkhus have not arrived." They, perceiving the Dhamma, perceiving the Vinaya, being a faction, perceiving themselves as united, perform the Pavāraṇā. While they are performing the Pavāraṇā, other resident bhikkhus arrive, more in number. By those bhikkhus, O bhikkhus, the Pavāraṇā should be performed again. For those who have performed, there is no offense. Here, O bhikkhus, in a certain dwelling, on the day of Pavāraṇā, many resident bhikkhus gather, five or more. They do not know, "Other resident bhikkhus have not arrived." They, perceiving the Dhamma, perceiving the Vinaya, being a faction, perceiving themselves as united, perform the Pavāraṇā. While they are performing the Pavāraṇā, other resident bhikkhus arrive, equal in number. Those who have performed are well-performed, the remaining ones should perform. For those who have performed, there is no offense. Here, O bhikkhus, in a certain dwelling, on the day of Pavāraṇā, many resident bhikkhus gather, five or more. They do not know, "Other resident bhikkhus have not arrived." They, perceiving the Dhamma, perceiving the Vinaya, being a faction, perceiving themselves as united, perform the Pavāraṇā. While they are performing the Pavāraṇā, other resident bhikkhus arrive, fewer in number. Those who have performed are well-performed, the remaining ones should perform. For those who have performed, there is no offense. Here, O bhikkhus, in a certain dwelling, on the day of Pavāraṇā, many resident bhikkhus gather, five or more. They do not know, "Other resident bhikkhus have not arrived." They, perceiving the Dhamma, perceiving the Vinaya, being a faction, perceiving themselves as united, perform the Pavāraṇā. Immediately after they have performed, other resident bhikkhus arrive, more in number. By those bhikkhus, O bhikkhus, the Pavāraṇā should be performed again. For those who have performed, there is no offense. Here, O bhikkhus, in a certain dwelling, on the day of Pavāraṇā, many resident bhikkhus gather, five or more. They do not know, "Other resident bhikkhus have not arrived." They, perceiving the Dhamma, perceiving the Vinaya, being a faction, perceiving themselves as united, perform the Pavāraṇā. Immediately after they have performed, o Other resident bhikkhus come,