English
—From a Photograph by-Licut. Waterhouse, R.A. - 109 XAI.—Crairys Hart.—From a Photograph by Lieut. Waterhouse, R.A. - a 111 XXIII.—Rvins or Virara.—From a Photograph by Lieut. Waterhouse, R.A. - - iil XXIV.—Naca Scutprurrs.—From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonel Maisey - : - 118 XXV. ro XXVIL—Teue Worsnre.—From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonel Maiseye = - - 115 to 120 XXVIU—Tree anp Dacosa Worsuir.—From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonel Maisey - 121 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. xi _ SANCHI—continued, PLATE PAGE XXIX.—Fime Tempter, anp-Wueet Worsuy.—From a Dtawing by Lieut.-Colonel Maisey ~ 128 XXX.—Pintar, Sournern Gareway.—From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonel Maisey 7 7 125 XXXI.—Boar Scexzs,—From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonel Maisey - she = - 127 XXNIT—Dasyus.—From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonel Maisey “ . - - - 129 XXXUL—Buppwist Bas-revier—From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonel Maisey © - 9+ ° - 18k XXXIV.—Processions.—From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonel Maisey * . - - 138 XXXV.—Sacrep Horsr, anp Domestic Seens,—From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonel Majsey , - 135 SSXVI—Forest Scexe.—From a Drawing by Licut.-Colonel Maisey eos - - 187 XXXVIL—Garven Scenez.—From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonet Maisey we - - 139 XXXVILI.—Sircz anp Recovery or me Revics.—From a Drawing by Lieut.Colonel Maisey - 141 XXXIX. —Lion Caprtars.-From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonel Maisey + - - - 143 XL ELepuant Carirars.~-From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonel Maisey Se - 148 XLI-—Fieurts or Buppaa, anp Dwarr Carrrat.—From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonel Maisey 143 XLIL—Cuakra PILLARS FROM SMALLER Torrs,—From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonél Maisey - 145 XLUI.-—Detars or Scurprugt.—From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonel Maisey + = ~ 145 XLIV.—ARcHiTEcruRAL Deraits,—From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colonel Maisey + _° - 147 XLV.—Naca Carrrats—Buiss.—From a Drawing by Lieut.-Colone! Maisey - - cae a AMRAVATI. PLATE PACT SXLVI—Mar or Amravati, rRom THE OnicinaL Survey in 1816 - 163 XLVIL—Prian anp SECTION OF THE Tore at AMRAVAT}, PROM COLONEL MACKENZI&’s Server iv 1817 - - + - - - - - 163 - XLVIII.—Eevarion or Exrernat Face or Ourer Enctosure.—Restored by J. Fergusson - 165 SNLIX.—Exevation or InrErNAL Face or Ourer Encirosury.—Restored by J. Fergusson - 165 L. to LIL—Exrvations or Exrrrnat Faces or Two Pivtars or Outer EncLosure.— Photographed by W. Griggs - - - - - - - 167 LUL—Exrvarion or tae Exrernat Faces or Two Pittars oF SMALLER Raji.— Photographed by W. Griggs - - - - - - 167 TAV.—Dises on Intermeprate Rais or OptTeR Encrosurse.—Photographed by W. Griggs 167 LV.—Discs on tInrermepiate Ratis.—Photographed by W. Griggs - - - 167 LVL —FRAGMEN TS OF, EXTERNAL Frieze or Ovrer Enc oaure.-—Photographed by Ww. Griggs _ - ae se ts - - - - - - 169 LVI. —-FRracMents oF Pura or OvrEr Excrosune.—-Photographea by W. Griggs -_:169 LVIITL. ‘ro eS ——Eevations or Inrernat Faces or Two PAURABE or Ovurer Enct.osute.—Photo- graphed by W. Griggs - - - - - - - 171 to 178 LXIL—Inrerwat Face or Two Discs on fecciaicorars Ralls or OvTEeR Eee — Photographed by W. Griggs - - - . - - -17 LXIL—Discs on Internat Face or Interwepiare ‘Rans OF Ourzr ENcLOSURE.— Photographed by W. Griggs- - ~ - 4 7 = 8's - Isl LXIV.—Fraements or Internat Frieze or Ovurer ‘ENcLosune. —“Packagraphed by W. Griggs - - - - -~ - = .+ - - 188 LXV.—Fracments or Internat Frimzss or Ovrer Exeiosune. -—Photographed by W. Griggs - - - - - - : - - 186 LXVIL—Exevation or Internat Face or Prnzars or Ouren Exetosore, —Lithographed from a Drawing in the Mackenzie Collection - = - = - 157 LXVIL. To LXX.—Evevations or [nrernat Face or a Pitnar oF OUTER Exctostre.—Lithograplied “from a Drawing in the Mackenzie Collection - - " - 187 to 1%) * Xl LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. AMRAVATI—continued. PLATE’ : PAGE LXXI. to LXXIII.—Inrernan Faces or Two Discs on Interuepiate Rais or Ovrer Encyosure.—Lithograpbed from a Drawing in the Mackenzie Cullection ; : 191 to 194 LXXIV.—Portions oF InrernaL Face or Frieze or Ourer EncLosyre.—Litho- graphed from a Drawing in. the Mackenzie Collection - - - 195 LXXYV.-yRestoRATION OF A Portion oF EXNER Enciosure.—Restored by J. Fergusson - - - @ - - zi - 197 LXXVI. ro LXKXIL—Exzvations or Portions or Inver Exctosuns. -- Photographed by - - - 199 to 204 W. Griggs _ - - _EXXXIL, LXXXI.—Fracments or Frizzs or Inner E scene, —Photographed by W. Griggs 205 LXXXIV.—Fracents oF Frrezes. —Lithographed from a Drawing in the Mackenzie Collection - - - - - - - - 207 LXXXV.—Femare Figures rorminc Portion or Inner TictomibaTthoeraaned from a Drawing in the Mackenzie Collection . - - - - 207 LXXXVI.—Fracueyt or BAs-RELIEF. —Lithographed from a Drawing in the Mackenzie- Collection — - - - - - - - - 207 LXXXVIL, LXXXVIIL—Fracments or Scurprure.—Photographed by W. Griggs ie - 209 LXXXIX.—Deracnep Prruars with Exsiems.—Photographed by W. Griggs - 209 XC.—Fracuents or Prrars.—Photographed by W.Griggs = - - - 211 XCL, XCII.—Fracments or Scutprure.—Photographed by W. Griggs - - - 211 XCIIL-—Restorarion or A Porrion or Centrat Bou.pine.—-By J. Fergusson - 213 XCIV. ro XCVL—Portioys or Scurprure or Cenrran Buprve.—Photographed by - W. Griggs - - - - - - - , = 215 XCVIL—Porrioxs or Frieze or Cenrrat Bupine G.—Photographed by W. Griggs 215 XCVIU.—Pivaster or Inner Encrosure anp or Centrat Buripine.—Lithogr aphed from a Drawing in the Mackenzie Collection - - - - 217 XCIX.—Inscriptions on Amravati Tope.—By General Cunningham. Appendix E. 238 WOOD ENGRAVINGS. PAGE PAGE No. 1.—Cista, FROM A Rowan Com or ApRA- | No. 1L—Dwane Ratt IN FRONT OF KENHERI 5 MYTTIUM = - - = 9 7 Cave - - - - 84 2.—Romay Proconsurar Com or TRaLLes 19. | 12,—Rau. wv Front or Nasstck Cave - 84 3.—NAga, rrom Cunese Surra - - 53} 13.—Buppnist Empren - : ~ 106 4,—Srva, wir Naess, From Hurra- 14-—Puan oy Coarrra Hau - Pia BEED, ABOUT 1300 aD. - - 68 Mi VERE RE DENCH oe - aot a eitan: wink Mee Ani) Beabeee. 96 16.—Reric Casket or SARIPUTRA, FROM SATDHARA TorE - - ~ 141 6.—Renic Casket, rraom Manixyara - 76 . me 7.-—SPPULCHRAL CIRCLE AT Awmavant - 81 Mectae CAS a a a a $ ue No. 8 Torr: ~ 5 = 141 a GrEat Raw at SancHI - ~— - 82 . 18.—Com or Krananpa - a - 148 9.~—View or tHe TuiparAmMaya Dacona, : - 19.—Pimaster in Nassick Cavs - - 168 ANDRADHAPURA - - - 82 20,—Reiic Casker From Manrgyata - 179 10.—Rait or Seconp Tore at Sancnr - 83 21,—AstronomicaL Siegn or Mercury - 186 NOTES TREE AND SERPENT WORSHIP. ie PART I.—WESTERN WORLD, THERE are few things which at first sight appear to us at the present day so strange, or less casy to account for, than that worship which was once so generally offered to the Serpent God. If not the oldest, it ranks at least among the earliest forms through which the human intellect sought to propitiate the unknown powers. ‘Traces of its existence are found not only in every country of the old world; but before the new was discovered by us, the same strange idolatry had long prevailed there, and even now the worship of the Serpent is found lurking in out-of-the-way corners of the elobe, and startles us at times with the unhallowed rites which seem generally to have been associated with its prevalence. Although the actual worship of Trees is nearly as far removed from our ordinary’ forms of faith as Serpent Worship, still it can hardly: be considered as more than an exaggerated perversion of many of the ideas now-current; and we can hardly wonder that in an early stage of human civilization, it may have assumed considerable importance. There is such wondrous beauty in the external form of trees, and so welcome a shelter beneath their over-arching boughs, that we should not feel surprise that in early. ages groves were considered as the fittest temples for the gods. There are also, it must be remembered, few things in nature so pleasing to the eye as the form or the colow of the flowers which adorn at. seasons the whole vegetable kingdom, and nothing so grateful to the palate of the rude man as the flavour of the fruits which trees afford. In addition to these were the multifarious uses to which their wood could always be applied. For buildings, for furniture, for implements of peace or war, or for ornament, it was indispensable. In ancient times it was from wood alone that man obtained that fire which enabled him to cook his food, to warm his dwelling, or to sacrifice to his gods. With all their poetry, and all. their usefulness, we can hardly feel astonishéd that the primitive races of mankind should have considered trees as the choicest gift of the gods to men, and should’ have believed that their spirits (4799. A ‘ re 2 INTRODUCTORY ESSAY. still delighted to dwell-among their branches, or spoke oracles through the rustling of their leaves. -On the other hand, when ‘it. comes to be more closely examined, the worship of the Serperit’j is not so-strange as it might at first sight appear. As was well remarked by an ancient author,* “ The serpent alone of all animals without legs or arms, or any of the * usual appliances for locomotion, still moves with singular celerity ;” and he might have added—grace, for no one who has watched a serpent. slowly progressing over the ground, with his head erect, and his body following apparently without exertion, can fail to he struck with the peculiar beauty of the motion. There is no jerk, no reflex motion, as in all other animals, even fishes, but a continuous progression in the most graceful curves. Their general form, too, is full of elegance, and. their colours varied and sometimes very beautiful, and their eyes bright and piercing. Then, too, a serpent can exist for an indefinite time without food or apparent hunger. He periodically casts his skin, and, us the ancients fabled, by that process renewed his youth.