English
I raetures of the Femur and the leg hones : 34 630 ANCIENT HINDU MEDICINE In the fractures of the leg-bones (tihia and patella) or of the thigh ( femur ), the patient has to be lain in wooden extension bed, and for the maintenance of the steady traction (until the consolidation of the bone has- taken place, and to prevent the tension of the muscles which prevents the reparation of the fracture), the leg or the thigh has to be fixed with five nails ; thus in the fracture of the leg bones, there should be two nails on each side of the leg, and against the sole, upon the woodeu frame (to prevent movement, which interferes with consolidation of the fractured bones) ; in case of the fracture of the femur, two nails on each side of the thigh, and at the hip joint should be fixed. (This treatment in the fractures of the femur or the leg bones, is very similar to the modern practice by Hodgen’s nail extension splint). This is also applicable in the fractures or dislocations of the pelvis, vertebrae and the clavicle. If the dislocation is old, this treatment is to be preceded by embrocation to soften the ligaments. Fractures of Patella : If the fractured pa¬ tella {kania) has consolidated in wrong apposi¬ tion, it has to be broken up (artificially) and then to begin treatment, after putting it in the normal, apposition. SDRGERY 531 Amputation of a dried hone : If the flesh has retracted from a protruded bone, leaving it dry, then the bone lias to be amputated (by saw) carefully up to the flesliy part, and then it has to be treated like a fresh wound ( by a recurrent bandage).” Smruta IV. 3. 23-42^®®. 203. *rat ^ ^ rrr i qf St ■gcrtqi ll gtq'qt qt^ tHWV lisftWOT I wqf n II 5@cU q^qf q II qfitflfqsRft5}q! fqitaq I qsfea fqf^ct^ifq qulqTfi ^^qflqqt ii fi'qqt qift qfJbTq^ qiqqt t <m; ^iq%t qraftt; qgqrqTir n q^pgq sutrg rasct: i qr qiqragqqq fqq=q^: ii <m; qtqf^t qw qv^ i qtzrt qt ?lq3t qr sira^qtq it gqfqtfif^fi qmrqqq^ i vatq ^f%fiq fqq^q; ii qHq ^qT qigqfjq qq; qtfqg fq UJiqs^ I ancient HINDU MEDICINE llhinoplasiy : The portion of the nose to be covered over, is to be measured (exactly) with a I w{K^^ \\ ft# ctct: l ^ II ^^^^ift ii ftFrT^^t T^ftmm^sft ^ i I cTwi wqf ^ I II ft^ 1 ^ft": ftr^* ^ ^ cT^^ II ^ ft^sr^ ti g ft5TR^ II nmt ^Rt ft?Tlt ^T ^liff ^e^T SMl^Sfl I ^jnftl^^HTsfi' I m: ^ JT^TOH II SURGEKY leaf ; and a flap of the required size is to he taken from the Uganda* (goitre or the cheek), to be grafted there, and to support it a metallic frame is to he inserted uith two tubes in the nostrils to hold it in position, and then scraping the border (to which the grafting is to be joined). cTct: w 1 Me fenm ii ?mT ^ cl^ cT^TT I ft t 1 ci% II qr ’swq*^ m i I s fT^T^ s% ^^Tlffcr: I m fmqf II 534 ANCIENT HINDU MEDICINE and making the surface fresh (to make the graft¬ ing successful), the flap is to he carefully sutur¬ ed. When the grafting has been properly made, a powder made out of Ptercarpus santalinus, Glycyrrhiza glabra and sulphate of antimony should be sprinkled over the part, and then it should be covered with a lint, which is to be kept moistened with oleum Sesamum (until the com¬ plete grafting has taken place. The modern method of rhinoplasty is almost the same, except the two tubes inserted in the nostrils; to hold the metallic frame in position, the metallic frame is made to fit tight the scraped pocket in the nasal bone, and it is provided with a few nodules which are inserted into the nasal bony frame. As to the grafting, the English method consists in taking a flap from the cheek, as devised by Syme, who borrowed it from India ; the Italian and i the German methods consist of taking the flap from the arm ; in osteoplastic rhinoplasty, there is a transplantation of a cartilaginous flap to replace the septum nasi. The very recent me¬ thod in nasal prosthesis consists of subcutaneous injection of a mixture of solid and liquid para¬ ffin, as introduced by Gersuny in 1910. But as it might partially melt in the body temperature, and thus emigrate and provoke embolism, it has SURGE ur 535 1)6611 improv6d upon by Eckstein who uses pure paraffin, which melts only at 60 degree centigrade and solidifies after injection, which can be easily performed by Brockaert or Lermoyer’s syringe. This has given very satisfactory results). Sumita I. 16. 23- 204. sireraww’ Sei ii =5rig ii Cv VISI' SISTSTICS. “It is appjireut that food and drink act as- fuel, in tlio process of metabolism. Vital process is sustained wiseii metabolism is fed by this fuel. Proper dietary nourishes all the bodily elements, improves complexion and enlivens tlie senses. On the other hand improper dietary provokes disease.” Charaka I. 27. 2-®'. ’‘Vigor, health, longevity and life itself is based on oxidation. Pood and drink increase and biilance the oxidizing process.” Charaka I. 27. 165 "The physician that does not know the prin¬ ciples of ‘ Liefefics’, can not cure diseases.” Siismta I. 46. 3 205. \ ?Tff I 20G. sfdfectT; ■ 207. Sesra; ^ wm: iis DIETETICS i “Every organic body contains live substances as (1) Minerals and Nitrogenous compounds {prthiv)), (2) YJater {(tp)^ {o) Hydro-carbons {tejas), (4) Carbo-bydrates {vai/'a) and (5) Ethers (dkasa) ; but it may be called ‘pUrihica, dp'i/u, ioijasa, vayavya or CtkMiya according to the jiredoiniuance of the substance contained in it. Minerals and JSfitroyenous Compounds {pro¬ tein) : The substance that is gross {stliTda), dense (sdret), has a high specific gravity (sandra), non- pungent inert rough (A'//,crrt = siiarp-edged crystals by the different inclination- of their axes), heavy i{/uru), hard {kathina\ odori¬ ferous (gandJia'cahiila = extmetive substances of the meat-protein),slightly astringent {Isat kasetya) and sweetish {mudimra), is ‘parthiim' (organic mineral bodies, and protein which contains about IG p.c. of nitrogen). This produces firmness (of the bony structure by the minerals), physical vigor (by pi'otein), hardness (of the bony structure by the minerals) muscular tissue-growth (by pro¬ tein), and particularly it has a high specific gravity. Aquatic substance : The suhstanco that is cool {Bta), moistening {sliniila), soft (sniydha),. liquid (mandai), heavy {gum), fluidic (sm), denstj- (sandra), smooth viscous ipichchhila), savo- 538 ANCIENT HINDU MEDICINE ry ( rasa-vahtila ), slightly astringent, acid or saline {kasaya-amlalavanci) and sweetish {madhu- ra), is dpya' (juice of vegetable or meat). It is fattening, refreshing, moistening, adhesive (by nature), and excietorj’- (diuretic or sudorific in action). Hydrocarbons : The substance that is calo¬ rific (usna), penetrative iUksna), fine-textured (suksma), desiccant {ruksa), escharotic {khara), light {layhu, in moledular weight), transparent (visada^ particularly liquid oil. having forms and containing active principles ( 7 'upagunavahnla), slightly acid and saline ( 'isad amla lavana ) and pungent {katu-rasa), is ‘tejasa’ (hydrocarbon, that is fatty bodies which generate heat. It is very likely that the pungent spices were also regarded calorific, as the congestive phenomenon with its concomittant redness, heat and the burning sen¬ sation. provoked by its excessive uses, was mis¬ taken for calorific energy). It causes combustion (oxidation), digestion, cleavage (of the food par¬ ticles in the alimentary tube), heat, radiation (of heat), round face (corpulency) and bright com¬ plexion. Carbohydrates : The substance that is fine, desiccant, rough (in tactile sensation, by different inclinations of the axes as in sugar crystals). DIETETICS 539 crystalline, tactile, slightly bitter (?), and astrin¬ gent, is ‘'vayavya' (energy-producers, that is carbohydrates). It causes corpulence, agility (muscular energy), relaxation, desiccation (by external application), and motion (as manifesta¬ tion of muscular energy). Ethers : The substance that is tenuous, rarefied, non-resistant ( when a body passes through it), diffusive (a solid body bas both size and shape ; a liquid body takes the shape of the vessel in which it is kept ; therefore it lacks shape, but quantitatively it does not lack size : but a gaseous body has neither size nor shape, as it diffuses itself in the surrounding atmosphere, if it be not confined in a closed container), trans¬ parent, made of diffused particles, tasteless, and soniferous, is ‘ahasiya’ ( ethers, volatile oils and gas ). It causes pliancy, distension and light¬ ness.” I. 41.2-7"“'. 208 . eta I cm ii ^ ANCIENT HINDU MEDICINE 510 I.—CarbohyJra tes. Rice : “Tlie autumnal rice (Oryza satiA'a) is. sn^eetisl), produces energy without (much) heat (a gram of carholiydrate or protein produces 4. 1 Calories, Avhile a gram of fat liberates 9. 3 Calories ), easily digestible, strengthening (dyna- inogenesis is due to glycogen, vrliich can be most economically produced in the human system by the carbohydrate portion of the diet, and for glycogenesis, carbohydrate in one form or another is the staple indispensal)le food of almost all the human beings, except a few Eskimoes Avho mostly live on seal-meat and fat, and the primitive Indians of Tierra del Euego n ho mainly subsist on shell fish and hunting), sedative, causes slight flatulence (in case of fermentation), fattening (excess of glycogen, produced by the habitual consumption of II X 3T^?^5rf{I5iIS?‘Atn > DIETETICS 511 'Cavboliydrute more than t!ie bodily requirement, is at lirst deposited in tlie hepatic and the muscle cells ; hut if it he not used, it is con¬ verted into adipose tissues, as a stored energy in cast!