English
In abdo¬ minal diseases, if there is deplegia, aversion for food, edema, diarrhea and inspite of purgation, the intestine remains inflated, then give up a 5^: 11 u =3ra’jjjtwiTsm =€1^' 1 ftp'll 11^ ■a (! ^ II?': T^lp7l 35^'"11? e 180 ANCIKNT HINDU MEDICINE (treatment). In fevers, if the patient is delirious, unconscious, and is absolutely confined to bed, and while the outside of his body (skin) is cold and inside (in the internal organs) there is hyperaemia., then he dies. In fevers, if there is horripilation, eyes become red, there is an acute shooting pain in the heart, and respiration takes place only through the mouth, the patient is killed by the disease. And in fever, if the patient has hiccup, dyspnea, polydipsia, delirium and wandering eyes, he goes to the abode of death. In fever, if the patient has clouded vision, delirium, paroxysmal somnolence, hydre¬ mia (thinness of blood) and emaciation, the fever kills the patient. In diarrhea, if there are the complications of dyspnea, pain, polydipsia, ener¬ vation, emaciation and fever, the aged patient never lives, though an infant once in a while might survive. In phthisis, if the patient has glazed eyes, aversion for food, jerky respiration, and hyperalgia in seminal discharge (in prostatic cal¬ culus), any of these complications is to be regard- 11^0 PATHOLOGY 181 ed critical. In abdominal tumor, if the patient has dyspnea, pain, polydipsia, anorexia, rupture of the tumor and enervation, death takes place. In a deep-seated abscess {vidradhi), if there is abdominal tumescence, anuria, vomiting, hiccup, polydipsia, throbbing pain and dyspnea, he does not live. In icterus (jaundice), the patient dies if his teeth, nails and eyes turn yellowish, and he sees everything yellowish. In gastrorrhagia (hemorrhage from the stomach), if the patient repeatedly vomits blood, his eyes become reddish and he sees everything reddish, he perishes.’^ Siisruta I. 33. 3-22. Pains : ^'Boring ( todana = as caused by the penetration of sewing needle), terehrant (vedana = io tear out) lacerating {^tadana= concussion as a blow from a rod ), lancinating ( chJiedana = cutting with a sharp instrument ), dilating (ayawawa-radiating), tensive ( man- thana=?k% fire is made by friction of two sticks), expulsive {viksepana=\x) throw out), suckiny. (ckumuchumayana = as a magnet or mustard poultice draws by suction), burning { nirdahana = 182 ANCIENT HINDU MEDICINE burning), grinding ( = pulverizing), fulgurant ( spoMana = bursting ), shooting (vidarana = penetrating), eaulsive ( utpdtana = to pull up ), throbbing ( hampana = tremulous ), dull, sharp, acute, itching, irritant, premonitory or after pain { vividha-sTda-vislesa^a = \oxio\x^ degrees of pain), shifting {vikirana = which, shifts from place to place as in hysteria ), cramp or spasmodic ( purana = which fills up ), paralyzing {stambhana = which causes insensibility in the adjacent area), toringing {avalcunchana=io press out ), formication or itching (ahkusika = sprouting, a sensation as of ants or similar ob¬ jects crawling over the body). By the derange¬ ment of nerves, these pains manifest in the '■vranai (abscess, tumor, pustule, boil, carcinoma, eczema, etc.) and if for any reason withot (appar¬ ent) cause, different kinds of pain appear, or in certain localities they appear repeatedly, they are to he ascribed to nervous origin. Unilateral eruption (os®), cutaneous inflamma¬ tion (chosa), diffuse eruption {paridahu), oppress¬ ed feeling ( dlmmayana = o& in smoke suffoca¬ tion), the sensation as if burning coal were spread over the body with the increase of the subjective sensation of heat, and the similar sensation that is felt if a caustic were applied to PATHOLOGY 183 a wound,—the pains experienced in these sensa¬ tions, are of ‘pitta' origin ; pains of the abscesses, originating from the vitiation or poisoning of the blood, ai'e the same. Pruritus = itching), heaviness {guriitm = heaviness or Aveight is felt in the chest in hemoptysis, spasmodic asthma, chronic gastritis ; in the head in neurasthenia, liypocondrisis and is occasionally a premonitory symptom of apoplexy; in the abdomen or pelvis, due to tumors in those regions ), somnolence ( suptatva ), tumescence {iipadeha), numbness ( = partial anesthesia), paresis (stanihha ) and chilliness {kdtya ) ai’e of phlegmatic origin.” Siik'uta I. 22 . 9 ^®. “The physician should examine first vitality ( = durability of life ) of the patient. Even if there is ( good ) vitality ( signs of long life, manifest in the physical organs ), malady 73. ti f??JR{ I ^vcRt'feT, e I 184 ANCIENT HINDD MEDICINE {etiology and the natiu’e of the pathological mani¬ festation ), season ( of the year in its relation tO' the disease and its reaction against it), metaholism { of the patient; internal combustion, that is oxidation ), age^ jyliysieal strength, nervous- vitality, preclispositions, characteristics ( of the patient), remedies (available and their reaction against the disease ) and the region ( desa % marshy or dry, altitude, low or high land, plain or hilly, salubrity of the climate, prevalence of endemic diseases and of epidemics within the territory). Signs of longevity : He enjoys long life, who- has large hands, feet, sides, back, nipple ( papilla mamma), teeth, face, shoulder and forehead / long phalanx, breath (or respiratory organ ), eyes and arms; wide brows, precordial region {stanuntara = the space between the two nipples), and breast; short crus (ya%7i = the leg, especially the segment between the knee and the- ankle), penis and neck ; deep breath ( or spiritual force ), voice and umbilicus ; the mamma not high but firm ; fleshy, large and hairy ears ;.. whose joints, veins ( vessels ) and tendons are- hidden, all the bodily parts are healthy and strong, all the senses are steady, and the health has persistently improved, that person will have^ PATHOLOGY 185 a long life. He who has never had any sickness fi’om birth and whose body, intelligence and comprehension have progressively been deve^ loped, will enjoy a long life. Snsnda I. 35. “Life is (divided) into three periods : infancy,, middle-age and senility. Of them, childhood is up to fifteen years ( one minus sixteen ), divided ( further into three sub-divisions ) as sustaining on milk ( liquid nourishment ), milk mixed with other nourisbing substances ( in liquid or semi¬ solid form as barley concoction ) and ( solid ) nourishment. A baby up to one year old sustains on milk, up to two years, milk mixed with other substances, and above two years on (solid ) Ji: ^ ii ^mk y: ssn: i ^ flky: ii ^vcre’fen, i 186 AXCIEST HIJJDU MEDICINE food. Prom sixteen up to seventy years of age, is regarded as the middle-age : middle-age is composed of four periods as puhesce7ice ( vrdclhi = growth ), adolescence ( = youth ), adidtness ( = completion of growth ), senescence ( = declining period ) ; up to the age ©f twenty, is the period of growth, up to thirty—youth, up to forty full development or maturity, and from forty to seventy, it slowly and gradually declines. ( The skeleton reaches its limit very nearly at the same time as the whole frame reaches its maximum of height, the coalescence of various epiphyses being completed by about the twenty-fifth year. Similarly the mascular system in its increase tallies with the weight of the wdiole body. The brain, in spite of its increasing complexity of structure and function to wliich it continues to attain, even in middle life, early reaches its limit of bulk and v/eight. At about seven years of age it attains what may be considered as its first limit for though it may increase somewhat up to twenty, thirty, or even later years, its progress is more slow after, than before seven. The vascular and the digestive organs as a whole mav continue to increase even to a very late period (Poster’s Physiology, p. 1151). After seventy, elements PATHOLOGY 187 (constituent), sense, strength, courage and enthusiasm daily fall off ; at this age, one becomes grey-haired and bald-headed and being subject to dyspnea, bronchitis and other complications, becomes incapacitated for all activities (as before) and becomes like a dilapidated cottage, exposed to the fury of rain, storm and tempests. This is called old age.” Stisruta I. 35. 26^’. "Infancy is phlegmatic, youth sanguinary and old-age nervous.” Susmta 1. 35. 27^®. The following diseases may be congenital ; malformations, syphilis, idiocy, hydrocephalus, hemophilia, infantile hemiplegia, osteomata, nevi, sclerema, pemphigus, dermatitis neonatorum, tetanus neonatorum, ichthyosis, acute fatty T.5. ^!3i‘ I 1 ^k^WT- €l^5ri' > l^cra'fen, i 76. ^ if g 1 lira's atgat afi'^ alsiaa ii^'s gacra'fei, gawi*!,, RYj i 188 ANCIENT HINDU MEDICINE degeneration, myotonia congenita, progressive muscular atrophy, icterus neonatorum, atelectasis, hemoglobinuria. E.ereditary diathesis: rheumatism, gout,, hepatic disorders, renal disorders, renal calculus, respiratory lesions, diabetes, obesity, adiposis dolorosa, acne, eczema, leprosy, arthritis deformans, hernia, hereditary cerebellar ataxia, hemophilia, alcoholism, pseudo-hypertrophic paralysis, progressive muscular atrophy, cancer. Diseases peculiar in infancy and childhood cretinism, infantile paralysis, measles, roseola, scarlatina, cerebro-spinal meningitis, chorea, rachitis, hemophilia, infantile scurvy, hypertro¬ phic cirrhosis of the liver, diarrhoea, adenoids, bronchitis, broncho-pneumonia, spasmodic laryngitis, noma, endocarditis, primary renal sarcoma, eczema, pemphigus, seborrhea, ringworm, diphtheria, hydrocephalus, nodding spasm.