English
c aneurism, suppurative ■ parrotities, migrane, neuralgia; unilateral sweating of the body {heniodrosis) occurs in hembplegia : eccymosis and petechiae—purple patches caused by extravasation of blood into the skin, appear in many diseases and drug poisonings as in acute yellow atrophy of the liver, pernicious anemia, in advanced stage of cancer of the liver and the stomach, cerebro¬ spinal meningitis (epidemic), cyanosis, diphtheria, jaundice (in severe forms), old age ( in the extre- meties ), peliosis rheumatica, pyemia, advanced cirrhosis ( hepatic or renal ), septicema, tubei’- culosis (with extreme debility), typhoid fevers, ulcerative (malignant) endocarditis, yellow fever, and the rashes may be caused either by idiosyn- 156 ancient HINDU MEDICINE crasy or by poisoning with antipyrine, arnica, arsenic, atropine, belladonna, cannabis indica, capsicum, chloral, copper, croton oil, digitalis, iodine, ergot, lead, mercury, morphine, opium, potassium iodide and bromide, quinine, salicylat¬ es, santonine, silver, sulphur, tar, tartar emetic inflammatory eruption in cerebro-spinal fever, dengue, glanders (acute), erysipelas, syphilis ; exanthematous eruption in measles, rubella, searlatina, varicella, variola ], mind (dullness of mind is seen in cerebral inflammations, scleroses of the brain, and in brain tumors), concentration of mind, purity (hygienic conditions), disposition, behavior, memory [ memory is impaired (amnesia) in paralytic dementia, epilepsy, neurasthenia, the over-use of bromides and in old age], shape and general configuration of the body (dhrti —tall, thin subjects with slender ribs, and a long narrow thorax are predisposed to tuberculosis of the lungs; short, stout, thick-boned persons with florid face are predisposed with sumptuous living to obesity and gouty diathesis), tempera¬ ment (irritability of temper is often associa¬ ted with gout, rheumatism, jaundice and neurasthenia; change of temper is seen in pregnancy, typhoid fever, menopause and at the early stage of the exophthalmic goitre; melan- PATHOLOGY 157 clioly mood is marked in hepatic lesions), perver¬ sions ( abnoi’malities of shape result from the following diseases as rachitis, acromegaly, my¬ xedema, pulmonary osteo-arthopathy, osteitis de¬ formans, osteomalcia), strength, endurance, in¬ telligence, cheerfulness, leanness ( as in consump¬ tion), obesity, lassitude, beginning of the disease, acuteness (of the disease), lightness (of the disease) physical characteristics, dietary, habits, quantity of food (that is consumed), the prevention of the disease ( prophylaxis ), the cure of the disease, the preliminary symptoms of the disease, pain (pain is caused by the lesion of the peripheral, or the central nervous system, or indirectly by affecting the genei’al economy; * acute painf is characteristic of acute inflammations of the serous and synovial membranes as in pleurisy or in joint inflammations ; 'dull pain' is characteristic of the inflammation of the mucous membranes and the parenchymatous viscera ; 'paroxysmal' or remit¬ ting pain' is characteristic of neuralgias and colics; 'shifting pain' is charcteristic of rheumat¬ ism, hysteria, locomotor ataxia, trichinosis; 'gnawing or boring pain' is charcteristic in the diseases of the spinal column, thoracic and abdo¬ minal aneurism, periosteal inflammations, gastric carcinoma, and occasionally in gouty and lithemic 158 ANCIENT HINDU MEDICINE lesioas; ^cramp '—the sudden painful spasm of certain muscles, aside from the occupation cramps- from the over-use of fingers as in writer’s cramp, whether it is of the calf, toes or the abdo¬ men is usually characteristic of gastro-intestinal diseases and flatulence by causing an excessive tension to the muscular wall of the stomach and the intestine ; diffuse pain as in fever ; pain in the vertex—the crown of the head, is characteristic in neurasthenia, diseases of ovaries, uterus,, bladdei’, epilepsy, hysteria, anemia, chlorosis in the frontal and the temporal region of the; head, in nephritis, uremia, eye strain, iritis, glau¬ coma, dyspepsia, constipation, syphilic nodes, lithemia, rheumatism of the scalp; in the occipetal and cervical region : spinal ii’ritation, diseases of the cervical vertebrae, dyspepsia, constipation, syphilis (very frequent), uterine lesions, eye strain, carous teeth, nephritis, uremia, cerebellar tumor, meningitis, adenoids of pharynx,, naso-pharyngeal diseases, middle ear diseases, rheumatism ; in the parietal region : dysmenorr¬ hea, diseases of ear and bone, cancer of tongue, hysteria, lithemia ; in the eye-balls : ophthalmo¬ plegia internaa inflammation of conjunctiva, iris, cornea, coryza, neuralgia of the fifth nerve, as¬ thenopia (eye strain); in the nose : acute rhinitis PATHOLOGY 159 ^ diphtheria, glanders, primary syphilis ; aural region : ottitis media, furuncle of meatus; mas¬ toid abscess, polypus, carous teeth, alveolar ab¬ scess, cancer of tongue, aneurism of innominate dentition, temporo-raaxillary rheumatism, syphi¬ litic or carous lesion of maxillary or temporal bones ; in the front neck : myalgia, cervical caries or abscess, sprains, inflamed lymph glands, aneu¬ rism of innominate ; nape of neck : rheumatism,, neurasthenia, laryngitis, cerebrospinal meningitis, tetanus, cervico-occipital neuralgia; throat: tonsi- litis, pharyngitis, scarlatina, diphtheria,cascinoma,. laryngitis, irritant poisoning ; jaw : dental affec¬ tions, salivary calculus, neuralgia of maxillary- nerve, parotitis, actinomycosis ; shoulder : rheu¬ matism, synovitis, diaphragmatic pleurisy, dilated stomach or colon, duodenitis, colitis, neuritis, gallstone colic, hepatic diseases ; sternum : gas¬ tric diseases, bronchitis, epidemic influenza, tabes,, spinal apoplexy, angina pectoris, mediastinal ab¬ scess or tumor; breast: uterine and ovarian lesions, hysteria, menstruation and diseases of mamma umbilicus : gallstone, hernia, c^vrcinoma of omen¬ tum, tumor or ulcer of stomach ; chest; pleurisy, acute pneumonia, pericarditis, phthisis, medias¬ tinal tumor; hysteria; flatulence, pericarditis ; right hypocondrium gall stones ( particularly ),. T60 ANCIENT HINDU JIEDICINE hepatic diseases; carcinoma of stomach, pancreas or duodenum; movable kidney, airemia, pleurisy ; left hypochondrinm; gastritis, colitis, uremia, peritonitis, enlarged spleen ; precordia : functional disorders of heart, endocarditis, thrombosis of pulmonar artery, gont, hysteria, locomotor ataxia, angina pectoris, pyrosis ; luterscapular ; flatulence, gastric in¬ flammation or ulcer, rheumatism; lumbar ; lumbago, fatigue, flatulence, apj)endicitis, hernia, dysmenorrhea, kidney lesions, prostatis ; epigas- trum : gastric lesions, appendicitis, gallstones, ulcer of duodenum,carcinoma of pancreas,cholera asiatica; uremia, hepato-optosis, enteroptosis ; abdomen : gastralgia, especially hyper-acidity, arsenical, mercurial or lead poisoning, peritonitis, hernia, intestinal tuberculosis, flatulence, tabes, pancreatic lesions, leucemia, dysmenorrhea, diabetes ; right iliac : appendicitis, ovaritis, impactedcecum, colitis hernia, varicocele ; left iliac : colitis, impacted sigmod, hernia, ovaritis, varicocele; iiubie region: cystitis, uterine or ovarian lesions, ectopie pregnancy, pyelitis, carcinoma of the bladder; sacral region : uterine, ovarian, or testicular lesions, excessive venery, ulcer of rectum, sciatica; spine : hysteria, neurastlienia, carcinoma of the liver. PATHOLOGY 161 rachitis, scurvy, febrile affectations, spinal curvature, mediastinal tumor; anterior thigh : ovarian or uterine diseases, pregnancy or displaced uterus, dysmenorrhea, renal colic, impacted feces; posterior thigh : sciatica, locomotor ataxia, impacted feces ; leg : rheumatism, perios¬ titis. leucemia, locomotor ataxia, spinal meningi¬ tis ; calf ; cramp due to nephritis, gout, diabetes, hysteria and over exertion ; heel : gout, neuras¬ thenia, ovarian lesion, achilodinia ; sole of foot : plantar neuralgia, disease of prostrate, erythro- melalgia,; in the articular joints : rheumatism, gonorrheal arthritis, synovitis, syphilis, tuhercu- .losis, scurvy, neuralgia, pyemia, rachitis; testicle : orchitis, or epididymitis; penis and perinium : vesical calculus, or the passage of the uric acid crystals (gravel), inflammation or ulceration of the bladder, or irritation of the cal¬ culus in the ureter or urethra ; diffuse pain in the extremities: multiple neuritis, muscular rheuma¬ tism, spinal meningitis, influenza, rachitis, trichi¬ nosis), complaints, gracefulness (of thehody), com¬ plexion (a dull, muddy complexion in hepatic lesion, constipation and digestive troubles), dreams (dream as a diagnostic aid has not yet been thoroughly evaluated, as the phenomenon of dream is complex and it is hard to analyze it, 11 162 ANCIENT HINDU MEDICINE but it is well known that niglitmares are usually caused by indigestion, and it is probable that the dream images are formed by the digestive activity, action of the heart and the peripheral impressions or the indirect pressure of the fult bladder or impacted feces during sleep, reacting on the central nervous system, awaking the memory centers which for lack of co-ordination, become distorted and fragmentary), messenger’s countenance, distiirbances on the road, the condi¬ tions of the sick-room, medicines, the reactions of the medicines (upon the patient), and advice- about the medical prescriptions.” Charaka V. 1. Predispositions (to diseases) are of six kinds : racial, (Negroes are predisposed to tuberculosis, tbe Mongolian race to small-pox,Whites to yellow- fever, Jews to diabetes and insanity), ancestral ( congenital syphilis, arthritic diatliesis), geo- 65.