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English version A period of ninety days is set. Focus exclusively on reciting the name of that Buddha. This is also called Buddha-standing Samadhi. Second, Constant Sitting Samadhi: As in Manjushri's (Manjushri) inquiry into Prajna (Wisdom), a period of ninety days is set. Focus exclusively on the principle of the Dharmadhatu (Realm of Reality), without attending to other matters. This is also called One-practice Samadhi. Third, Half-walking Half-sitting Samadhi: Such as the Fang-teng Repentance and the Lotus Sutra Repentance, the duration is not fixed, perhaps twenty-one days, seven days, ten days, etc. The above three belong to Reality-aspect Contemplation. Fourth, Neither-walking Nor-sitting Samadhi: Various practices in the sutras, not specifically emphasizing walking or sitting meditation, all belong to this category. That is, Samadhi Following One's Own Inclination. This Samadhi solely focuses on Phenomenal Contemplation. Shakyamuni Buddha's (Shakyamuni Buddha) Karmic Connection with Devadatta (Devadatta) Shakyamuni Buddha and Devadatta were once a two-headed bird in a past life. One bird, named Devadatta, was responsible for sleeping; the other bird, named Shakyamuni Buddha, was responsible for staying awake. The awake bird ate fragrant fruits, and the aroma was delightful. The sleeping bird woke up and angrily said, 'Why did you eat without telling me? I should harm you with poisonous fruit.' So it ate poisonous fruit, and both birds died. You Zhi Se Confucius said, 'Why is You Zhi Se at my door?' The commentary says: This refers to his voice being discordant and different from his own. Zheng's Music Confucius said, 'Banish the music of Zheng, and stay away from flattering people. The music of Zheng is licentious, and flattering people are dangerous.' Huang Zhong Da Lu Music has twelve tones: Huang Zhong, Tai Cu, Gu Xi, Rui Bin, Yi Ze, Wu She, are the six Yang tones; Da Lu, Jia Zhong, Zhong Lu, Lin Zhong, Nan Lu, Ying Zhong, are the six Yin tones. Twenty-two Roots Root of faith, root of vigor, root of mindfulness, root of concentration, root of wisdom, root of sorrow, root of joy, root of suffering, root of pleasure, root of equanimity, root of eye, root of ear, root of nose, root of tongue, root of body, root of mind, totaling sixteen roots. Male root, female root, root of unknown desire to know, root of known, root of life, root of knowing. Five Wrong Livelihoods First, falsely displaying extraordinary appearances for the sake of gain. Second, self-proclaiming merits for the sake of gain. Third, divining fortunes and misfortunes, and expounding the Dharma for others. Fourth, loudly displaying power and authority, causing people to fear and respect. Fifth, speaking of the benefits of receiving offerings, in order to move people's hearts. Han Ge Book of Rites --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
学篇。捍格而不胜。注。捍。拒捍也。格。读如冻𠗂之𠗂。谓如地之冻。坚强而难入也。 一暴十寒 孟子曰。虽有天下易生之物也。一日暴之。十日寒之。未有能生者也。 六律交唱 阳六。阴六。同前。 八音克谐 此书经舜典后夔之语。八音克谐。无相夺伦。神人以和(八音者。金。石。丝。竹。匏。土。革。木。谐。和也)。 三法忍 音响忍。柔顺忍。无生忍。 忉利天鼓 华严经云。忉利诸天。着五欲乐。行放逸时。天鼓之中。自然出音。告彼天子。此乐无常。莫行放逸等。 雷音宝林 雷音。例忉利。宝林。例天鼓。 虚空及性功德 虚空功德者。往生论颂云。无量宝交络。罗网虚空中。种种铃发响。宣吐妙法音。性功德者。颂云。正道大慈悲。出生善根故。 犹是王老师儿孙 黄檗到南泉。一日斋时。捧钵向南泉位上坐。南泉下来见。便问长老什么年中行道。师云。威音那畔。泉云。犹是王老儿孙。 三转四谛 一示相转。此是苦。逼迫性。此是集。招感性。此是灭。可证性。此是道。可修性。二劝修转。此是苦。汝应知。此是集。汝应断。此是灭。汝应证。此是道。汝应修。三 现代汉语译本 **学篇。捍格而不胜。** 注释：捍（hàn）：抵挡，抵抗。格（gé）：读音像‘冻𠗂（dòng níng）’的‘𠗂（níng）’。意思是像土地结冰一样，坚硬而难以进入。 **一暴十寒** 孟子说：即使有天下最容易生长的东西，如果一天曝晒，十天寒冻，也没有能够生长的。 **六律交唱** 阳律六个，阴律六个，与前面相同。 **八音克谐** 这是《尚书·舜典》中后夔（kuí，舜时乐官名）说的话。八音和谐，不互相干扰，神和人都因此和谐。（八音指的是金、石、丝、竹、匏、土、革、木。谐，是和谐的意思）。 **三法忍** 音响忍，柔顺忍，无生忍。 **忉利天鼓** 《华严经》说：忉利天（dāolìtiān，佛教欲界六天之一）的诸天，沉溺于五种欲望的快乐，行为放纵的时候，天鼓之中，自然发出声音，告诫那些天子，这种快乐是无常的，不要放纵等等。 **雷音宝林** 雷音，例如忉利天。宝林，例如天鼓。 **虚空及性功德** 虚空功德：往生论颂说：‘无数珍宝交错，罗网在虚空中，各种铃铛发出响声，宣扬美妙的佛法。’性功德：颂说：‘正道大慈悲，出生善良的根源。’ **犹是王老师儿孙** 黄檗（huángbò，唐代禅师）到南泉（nánquán，唐代禅师处所）。一天斋饭时，拿着钵到南泉的位置上坐下。南泉下来看见，就问长老哪一年开始修道的。黄檗说：‘威音王佛（wēiyīnwángfó，古佛名）那边。’南泉说：‘仍然是王老师的子孙。’ **三转四谛** 第一，示相转：这是苦（kǔ，痛苦），具有逼迫的性质；这是集（jí，苦的根源），具有招感的性质；这是灭（miè，涅槃），可以证得；这是道（dào，解脱的道路），可以修习。第二，劝修转：这是苦，你应该知道；这是集，你应该断除；这是灭，你应该证得；这是道，你应该修习。第三，作证转：
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English version **Learning Chapter. Resisting is not overcoming.** Note: 捍 (hàn): To resist, to defend. 格 (gé): Pronounced like ‘凝 (níng)’ in ‘冻凝 (dòng níng)’. It means like the ground freezing, hard and difficult to penetrate. **One Day's Sunning, Ten Days' Cold** Mencius said: Even if there is the easiest thing in the world to grow, if it is exposed to the sun for one day and subjected to cold for ten days, nothing will be able to grow. **Six Yang and Six Yin Tones Alternating** Six yang tones, six yin tones, the same as before. **Eight Tones Harmoniously Blended** This is a saying of Hou Kui (name of a music official during the Shun era) from the Book of Documents, Shun Dian. The eight tones are harmoniously blended, without interfering with each other, so gods and men are in harmony. (The eight tones refer to metal, stone, silk, bamboo, gourd, earth, leather, and wood. 谐 (xié) means harmony). **Threefold Endurance of the Dharma** Endurance of sound, endurance of gentleness, endurance of non-origination. **Trayastrimsa Heaven Drum** The Avatamsaka Sutra says: The gods of Trayastrimsa Heaven (dāolìtiān, one of the six heavens of desire in Buddhism), indulging in the pleasures of the five desires and engaging in licentious behavior, the heavenly drum naturally emits a sound, warning those gods that this pleasure is impermanent, do not be licentious, and so on. **Thunder Sound Jeweled Forest** Thunder Sound, for example, Trayastrimsa Heaven. Jeweled Forest, for example, the heavenly drum. **Merits of Space and Nature** Merit of Space: The Rebirth Treatise says: ‘Countless treasures are intertwined, a net in empty space, various bells emit sounds, proclaiming the wonderful Dharma.’ Merit of Nature: The Treatise says: ‘The right path, great compassion, gives rise to good roots.’ **Still the Grandchild of Teacher Wang** Huangbo (huángbò, a Chan master of the Tang Dynasty) arrived at Nanquan's (nánquán, the place of a Chan master of the Tang Dynasty). One day, during mealtime, he took his bowl and sat in Nanquan's seat. Nanquan came down and saw him, and asked the elder in what year he began practicing the Way. The master said: ‘The other side of the Buddha Wei Yin Wang (wēiyīnwángfó, name of an ancient Buddha).’ Nanquan said: ‘Still the grandchild of Teacher Wang.’ **Three Turns of the Four Noble Truths** First, the showing aspect turn: This is suffering (kǔ, pain), with the nature of oppression; this is accumulation (jí, the root of suffering), with the nature of causation; this is cessation (miè, Nirvana), which can be attained; this is the path (dào, the path to liberation), which can be cultivated. Second, the exhortation to cultivate turn: This is suffering, you should know it; this is accumulation, you should cut it off; this is cessation, you should attain it; this is the path, you should cultivate it. Third, the attestation turn: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
作证转。此是苦。我已知。此是集。我已断。此是灭。我已证。此是道。我已修。 洛闳一行 洛闳。汉武帝时人。精于历数。汉时改正朔。其所定也。算周天数云。后几百年。当有差讹。必有圣人出而正之。唐玄宗时。僧一行果出。复定历数。 九章 一方田。二粟布。三差分。四少广。五商均。六均输。七当程。八盈肭。九勾股。 置子庄狱 孟子谓戴不胜曰。有楚大夫于此。欲其子之齐语也。则使齐人传诸。使楚人传诸。曰。使齐人传之。曰。一齐人传之。众楚人咻之。虽日挞而求其齐也。不可得矣。引而置之庄岳之间数年。虽日挞求其楚。亦不可得矣。庄岳。齐街里名。 愿受天乐 昔有贫女。处于粪聚。以人民所弃残余滓汁为食。迦叶从乞。以汁供养。尊者问其所愿。云。欲生天。数日命终。生忉利天。福胜余天。 愿作冥王 毗沙国王。与维陀始王。共战。兵力不如。因立誓言。愿我来世。为地狱主。治此罪人。十八大臣亦复如是。今地狱主。毗沙国王是。十八狱主。十八大臣是。 若合符节 孟子论舜与文王。得志。行于中国。若合符节。注云。符节。以玉为之。篆刻文字。而中分之。彼此各藏其半。有故。则左右相合为 现代汉语译本： 作证转：这是苦（duhkha，痛苦）。我已经知道。这是集（samudaya，苦的根源）。我已经断除。这是灭（nirodha，苦的止息）。我已经证得。这是道（marga，达到灭苦的道路）。我已经修习。 洛闳一行 洛闳（Luohong）：汉武帝时人，精通历法。汉朝改正朔（zhengshuo，历法），由他所制定。他推算周天度数时说，几百年后，历法必定会有误差，一定会有圣人出现来改正它。唐玄宗时，僧一行（Yixing）果然出现，重新制定历法。 九章 一方田（yifangtian），二粟布（suli），三差分（chafen），四少广（shaoguang），五商均（shangjun），六均输（junshu），七当程（dangcheng），八盈肭（yingna），九勾股（gougou）。 置子庄狱 孟子对戴不胜说：‘如果这里有一个楚国大夫，想要他的儿子学习齐国话，那么是让齐国人教他呢，还是让楚国人教他呢？’戴不胜说：‘让齐国人教他。’孟子说：‘一个齐国人教他，许多楚国人喧哗干扰他，即使每天鞭打他，想让他学会齐国话，也是不可能的。把他带到庄（Zhuang）岳（Yue）一带住几年，即使每天鞭打他，想让他说楚国话，也是不可能的。’庄岳（Zhuang Yue），是齐国的街里名称。 愿受天乐 过去有个贫穷的女子，住在粪堆旁，以人们丢弃的残羹剩饭为食。迦叶（Kasyapa）尊者向她乞食，她用残羹剩饭供养尊者。尊者问她有什么愿望，她说：‘希望死后能生到天界。’几天后她去世了，生到忉利天（Trayastrimsa Heaven），所享的福报胜过其他天人。 愿作冥王 毗沙（Vaisravana）国王与维陀始（Vitatha）国王交战，兵力不如对方，因此立下誓言：‘愿我来世成为地狱之主，治理这些罪人。’他的十八位大臣也同样发誓。现在的地狱之主，就是毗沙（Vaisravana）国王，十八位狱主，就是那十八位大臣。 若合符节 孟子评论舜（Shun）和文王（Wenwang），说他们得志后，推行他们的主张于中国，就像符节（fujie）相合一样。注释说：符节（fujie），是用玉制作的，上面篆刻文字，然后从中间分开，彼此各收藏一半。有事的时候，左右两半合在一起，才能验证。
English
English version: ‘Having witnessed the turning: This is suffering (duhkha). I have known it. This is the origin (samudaya). I have abandoned it. This is cessation (nirodha). I have realized it. This is the path (marga). I have cultivated it.’ Luo Hong and Yi Xing Luo Hong: A person from the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, skilled in calendrical calculations. The correction of the calendar during the Han Dynasty was based on his work. He calculated the number of degrees in a celestial circle and said that after several hundred years, there would be errors in the calendar, and a sage would surely appear to correct it. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the monk Yi Xing indeed appeared and re-established the calendar. The Nine Chapters 1. Field Measurement (yifangtian), 2. Millet and Cloth (suli), 3. Distribution with Remainder (chafen), 4. Diminishing Breadth (shaoguang), 5. Equitable Taxation (shangjun), 6. Fair Levy (junshu), 7. Double Proportion (dangcheng), 8. Excess and Deficiency (yingna), 9. Right Angled Triangles (gougou). Placing the Son in Zhuang Prison Mencius said to Dai Busheng, ‘If there were a Chu official here who wanted his son to learn the Qi language, should he have a Qi person teach him, or a Chu person teach him?’ Dai Busheng said, ‘He should have a Qi person teach him.’ Mencius said, ‘If one Qi person teaches him, and many Chu people make noise and interfere with him, even if he is whipped every day to make him learn the Qi language, it will be impossible. If he is taken and placed between Zhuang (Zhuang) and Yue (Yue) for several years, even if he is whipped every day to make him speak the Chu language, it will also be impossible.’ Zhuang and Yue are the names of streets in Qi. Wishing to Receive Heavenly Bliss In the past, there was a poor woman who lived by a pile of dung, eating the leftover dregs discarded by people. Venerable Kasyapa begged for food from her, and she offered the dregs to the Venerable. The Venerable asked her what she wished for, and she said, ‘I wish to be born in the heavens.’ A few days later, she died and was born in the Trayastrimsa Heaven, where the blessings she enjoyed surpassed those of other devas. Wishing to Become the King of the Underworld King Vaisravana fought with King Vitatha and was inferior in military strength. Therefore, he made a vow, ‘May I become the lord of hell in my next life, to govern these sinners.’ His eighteen ministers also made the same vow. The current lord of hell is King Vaisravana, and the eighteen lords of the hells are those eighteen ministers. Like Matching Tallies Mencius commented on Shun and King Wen, saying that when they achieved their ambitions, they implemented their principles in China, just like matching tallies (fujie). The commentary says: Tallies (fujie) are made of jade, with characters engraved on them, and then divided in the middle, with each party keeping half. When there is a matter, the left and right halves are joined together to verify. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 信也。若合符节。言其同也。 登龙与瀛