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After the expiration of tlie life term of 500 Maha Kappas, rebirth takes place in Kamaloka according to kamma done in the existence in which the Jhana was developed. It should be noted that in this case rebirth does not take place from the moral consciousness occurring in the thought process from which the Jhana was developed. The Never-returners after death are born in the five Pure Abodes or in any other realms of Rupal5ka as desired by each. When the controlling power of faculty of faith is very great at the time of developing the fifth Jhana, rebirth takes pla:e in the abode of the immobile (Aviha qpSoo). When that of mindfulness is very great, rebirth occurs in the abode of the Serene (Atappa <?e50:5). When that of effort is very great, rebirth occurs in the abode of Beautiful ;;Sudassa SC^^esfio). When that of concentration is very great, rebirth arises in the abode of "clear-sighted" (Sudassi S<Jtt8) and when the con- trolling power or faculty of reason is very great, rebirth occurs in the abode of Supreme Beings (Akanittha qtS)4PiQ<^9). When Ariyas or those who have attained the paths and fruits are born in the realms of great reward, in the abode of Supreme Beings and in the sphere of neither perception nor no perception, ^s they are the highest in each class, they will not after death be 138 born in other spheres, but will attain the remaining Paths ana fruits and obtain Nibbana. " Vehapphale akanitthe bhavaggeca patitthita Na punannattha jayanti sabbe ariya puggala Brahmalokagata hettha ariya nopapajjare" '* @9a!3o:5®(3 <^8B£§^®6;& a)0@(r©8 ccSaS?rD So states Anuruddha Acariya in the analysis of Mind and Body. HOW rupal5ka consciousness IS RECKONED Although the number of classes of moral consciousness in Rupaloka is stated to be five, the number becomes twenty-five *' nines " when reckoned in the following manner. These classes are described as four stages of Jhana, blendinj^ the first Jhana with the second in respect of highly intelligent people^ and as five in respect of the less intelligent class of people. What are the causes of these two ways ? As the Jhana factors associated with the fourth and fifth Jhanas of Rupaloka and the four classes of Arupaloka Jhana resemble each other in respect of the number of Jhana factors or because these six Jhanas are each associated with two Jhana factors, these six are classed under the fourth Jhana and described as four Jhanas. Although the Jhana factors associated with these six are alike in number, that in which the two factors of pleasure and one-pointedncss. are associated is known as the fourth Jhana and both the fifth Jhana of Rupaloka and the four Jhanas of Arupaldka, which are associated with the two factors of equanimity and one-pointedness in consideration of their Jhana factors being the same, these five are classed under the fifth Jhana and described as such. What is the reason for so describing ? They are so described according to the degree of intelligence of the fortunate ones in an audience who are fit to realise the four Ariyan truths. They are described as four to highly intelligent ones and as five to less intelligent ones, as the former could attain their 139 object when facts are stated in a concise manner, but the latter need a detailed description owing to their intelligence being of a lower grade. When both the four Jhanas and five Jhanas are taken together, they are known as the *' pure nine " (suddhika navaka ^^BS a3©S>). As these nine are described including the four types of practices viz (1) unhappy practice with delayed realisation (dukkha patipada dandhabhifiiia gScOa cSc?<^ <5 2S)a^(eS^.3) (2) unhappy practice with undelayed realisation (dukkha pati- pada khippabhmfia g 3Xa)j :58:5<i> S::3#5J65^3) (3) happy practice with delayed realisation (sukha patipada dandhabhifiiia gQj 080^ ^23®JCS/S3^j) and happy practice with undelayed realisation (sukha patipada khippabhififia ^0)9 OSOC^ Sct59 (SifS^a), each of the four practices will have nine Jhanas. In the moral consciousness belonging to the first Jhana obtained by unhappy practice and delayed realisation and so on, when the four kinds of practices are included, each of the practices becomes nine -classes of Jhanas. These nine are also described under four ■classes of objects viz (i) minor object in kamaloka (paritta parittarammana cStSfS) o3fSrj)96^7Q) (2) unlimited object in kamaloka (paritta appamanarammana oQtSf^!) <fC:9®3C>93 d§S)20) (3) minor object in sublime classes (appamana paritta- rammana <|f::o®3'€6 C58'GC5>3^®S)5a) and (4) unlimited objects in sublime classes (appamana appamanarammana (jpOO^J-fl^ C)p CO® a 4^ 3 4 SS) 4^) each class of object will have nine Jhanas, as each of the four classes are included in the description of these pure nine. Thereafter, taking together the four types of objects and the four types of practices the pure nine are described, such as unhappy practice with delayed realisation from a minor object in kamaloka and so on (dukkha patipada dandhabhiiifia paritta parittarammana gSa)3 o9o^ ^aa)j(S,eSS3^3 cSiSftS^ ::8'd5e3 d^€^). Therefore, taking together the object and practice there would be eight of the 'pure nines'. When these eight, the pure nine previously stated, the nines of four practices, and the nines of four objects are taken together there are in all twenty-five nines in a moral consciousness of Rijpaloka. " Dukkha patipada dandhabhiiifian appamanan appamanarammanan " gaa^3 o8o<^ ^$3a)3^£3c^o <|p03<a)3€ibo qpC£5®4^34eS)€3S5o, that is, un- happy practice with delayed realisation from an unlimited object 140 in sublime classes and so on, the eight types of emancipation, the four Brahma-\ iharas, the ten impurities, and so on, when used as subjects for meditation and concentration could produce Rilpaloka Jhanas and their differences could be understood according to the nature of the subjects, for instance, from the ten impurities only the 1st Jhana could be developed and the first three of the Brahma viharas only up to the fourth ]hana and so on. Resultant and ineffective classes in Rupaloka, when reckoned in the above manner, are similar to those of moral classes of Jhanas. MORAL, RESULTANT AND INEFFECTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS OF ARUPALOKA Of the twelve classes of consciousness in Arupaloka, the moral,, resultant and ineffective classes of consciousness, dwelling ot> the mfmity of space, are obtained from space abstracted from the transformed after-image, which has been developed from any of the nine kasina circles excepting space, as space cannot be abstracted from space. This moral consciousness is associated with thirt)^ mental concomitants and equanimity and one- pomtedness are the Jhana factors, as this belongs to the fifth stage of Jhana. This ArQpa Jhana dwelling on the infinity of space can be developed by anyone who has not attained the Paths and Fruits as well as by those who have attained the first three Paths and Fruits. After death, resultant consciousness of this Jhana gives rise to rebirth in the sphere of infinity of space where the life term is 20,000 kappas. The same Jhana when developed by the Arahants, Pacceka Buddhas and Samma Sam- buddhas, are called meffective Jhanas. In the same manner, in respect of the other three Arupa Jhanas, there are ^o mental concomitants associated with the 2nd Jhana dwelling on the infmity of consciousness, and so witK the 3rd Jhana dwellmg on nothingness, and 4th Jhana dwelling on neither perception nor no perception. Resultant Con- sciousness of the 2nd Jhana gives rise to rebirth in the sphere of infinity of consciousness where the life term is 40,000 kappas,. 3rd Jhana in the sphere of nothingness where the life term is 60,000 kappas and 4th Jhana in the sphere of neither perceptiom \ 141 nor no perception where the life term is 80,000 kappas. Each of these could be developed by the four kinds of people referred to above. 1 hey are called ineffective when these Jhanas are developed by the Arahants, Pacceka Buddhas and Samma Sambuddhas. SYNTHESIS OF MENTAL CONCOMITANTS IN TRANSCENDENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS In transcendental consciousness there are 36 mental concomit- ants associated with the 1st stage of Jhana, 35 with the 2nd stage, 34 with the 3rd stage, and 33 each in 4th and 5th stages.