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Similarly, 3 5 concomitant states, initial application being now excluded, enter into combination with any one of the eight classes of consciousness arising in the 2nd Jhana. Similarly, 34 concomitant states, initial application and sustained application being now excluded, enter into combination with any one of the eight classes of consciousness arising in the 3rd Jhana. Similarly, 33 concomitant states, initial application, sustained application and pleasurable interest being now excluded, enter into combination with anyone of the eight classes arising in the 4th Jhana. And 3 3 concomitant states, hedonic in- difference replacing pleasure, enter into combination with any one of the eight classes of consciousness arising in the 5th Jhana. Thus, under all circumstances there is only a five-fold synthesis of concomitants with the eight kinds of transcendental con- sciousness corresponding to the five stages of Jhana. Chattinsa pancatinsatha catuttinsa yathakkaman tettinsaddvaya micccvan pancadhanuttarc thita " Cft3X9oC8 OC)t9o00ae ©tgG>t9oC0 cce3e55K5^® Five-fold the synthesis that stands in highest plane of thought from thirty six to thirty three, the last taken twice is taught. SYNTHESIS IN SUBLIME CONSCIOUSNESS Next, in sublime consciousness, there are 35 factors which enter into combination with anyone of those three^ classes of consciousness that belong to the ist stage of Jhana, namely, 13 unmoral concomitants and 11 morally beautiful concomit- ants, the three ** Abstinences " being excluded.- Here be it noted that ** pity " and " appreciation " combine severally only. \ 97 Again the same concomitants, with the exception of initial application, enter into combination with any one of the three classes of consciousness that belong to the 2nd stage of Jhana and also to .the 3rd and 4th stages dropping m succession application, both initial and sustained, at the 3rd stage, and these two and pleasurable interest at the fourth stage. But in the 15 classes of consciousness that belong to the 5th stage of Jhana the two illimitables do not obtain. Thus reckoning every possible way, the combinations of concomitants, with the 27 kinds of sublime consciousness by way of five-fold Jhana may be summarized under five heads. Note 1 Moral, resultant and ineffective consciousness. Note 2 Because they do not bear on the object of Jhana practice and they are totally different in function from Jhana. The function of the three " Abstinences " is to purify act and word either temporarily or permanently, whilst the function of Jhana is to purify the mind of one who has already had his act and word purified. " Pancatmsa catuttinsa tettinsaca yathakkaman dvattinsa cevatinseti pancadhava mahaggate " ceitSoflo e)t8tr!9o ®ts3t5>^oa€) aBe>3?:5^sa3)o Five-fold are the groups in sublime consciousness, namely, 35, 34 33. 32 and 30. SYNTHESIS OF MORALLY BEAUTIFUL CONSCIOUSNESS IN KAMALOKA Next in morally beautiful consciousness m Kamaloka, m the first place, there are 38 states, which enter into combination m any of the first two classes of moral consciousness, namely, automatic and the volitional, to wit, the 13 unmoral con- comitants and the 25 morally beautiful concomitants. 98 Here it should be noted that the two 'lUimitables' and the three 'Abstinences' combine separately. Similarly these 38 enter into combination in any one of the second two, 'knowledge' only being excluded ; in any one of the third two, 'Knowledge' being included, but 'pleasurable interest' being excluded ; and in any one of the fourth two, both 'Knowledge' and 'pleasurable interest' being excluded. Again taking the eight kinds of Kamaloka ineffective con- sciousness and excluding the three 'Abstinences', those 38 now 3 5 concomitant states are to be reckoned as similarly combining in four different ways, in four pairs of meffective classes of consciousness. And again, taking the eight kinds of Kamaloka resultant consciousness and excluding both the two 'lllimitables' and the three 'Abstmences', those 38 now 33 concomitant states are to be reckoned as similarly combining in four different ways in four pairs of resultant kinds of consciousness. Thus reckoning every possible way the combinations of morally beautiful concomitants m pairs with the 24 morally beautiful <:lasses of Kamaloka consciousness may be summarized under twelve heads. ti (< Atthatinsa sattatinsadvayan chattinsakan subhe pancatinsa catuttinsadvayan tettinsakan kriye Tettinsapakc dvattinsadveye kattinsa kan bhave sahetukamavacara pufinapaka kriyamane " In Kamaldka classes of consciousness bound to hetus (SQOCg) there are 38, 37, 37 and 36 concomitants in moral classes ; 35, 34, 34 and 33 in ineffective classes, and 33, 32, 32, and 31 in resultant classes. 99 " Navijjantettha virati kriyasuca mahaggate Anuttare appamafifia kamapake dvayan tatha " Anuttare jhanadhamma appamarinaca majjhimc virati fiana piti ca parittesu visesaka " ^xgt2d3®d cfoo^s^ss^ tS59)C8© e)o0ocac^3 (fi^tsitsis6 sa)32aS)2®3 cpcso^.-K^eei e) ®d3^@® The three 'Abstinences' never arise in ineffective and sublime thoughts, nor do the Illimitables in transcendental thought. And in resultant classes both the 'Abstinences' and 'Illimitables' never arise. In transcendental consciousness the Jhana stages show a distinction, and in sublime the 'Illimitables' and in lower planes the three 'Abstinences', knowledge and pleasurable interest show a distinction. SYNTHESIS OF IMMORAL CONCOMITANTS Now in immoral consciousness, in the first place, there are nineteen concomitant states which enter into combination with anyone of the first automatic class in the eight kinds of consciousness called appetitives or rooted in greed, namely, the 1 3 unmoral concomitants and the 4 common immoral concomiiants, making seventeen, to which add greed and error. In like manner with the second automatic class, the same seven- teen concomitants combine, together with greed and conceit. In like manner with the third automatic class, the same 17 concomitants combine with the exception of pleasurable interest, but together with greed and error, giving 18 in all. In like manner with the fourth automatic class, omitting pleasurable interest, but adding greed and conceit. But with the fifth automatic class which is connected with aversion, to the 17 foregoing concomitants add hate, envy, selfishness and worry and from them omit pleasurable interest, thus making 20 concomitants combining with that fifth class. lOO But of these four envy, selfishness and worry can only combine separately. In like manner with the five correspondmg volitional classes of the twelve kinds of immoral cognition, the foregoing combinations of concomitants obtain, with this differeiice that sloth and torpor must be included. Excluding desire-to-do and pleasurable interest, eleven unmoral and the four common immoral concomitants, fifteen states in all, are associated with that class of consciousness which is accompanied by distraction. In like manner with that class of consciousness accompanied by perplexit)% 1 5 concomitants deprived of the clement of ' deciding ' but accompanied by perplexity combine well. Thus, all being reckoned, there is a seven-fold synthesis of concomitants numerically considered, combining with the 12 kinds of immoral consciousness. " EkQnaveesattharasa veesekaveesa veesati O O 1 • dveveesa pannaraseti sattadha kusale rhita ** Sadharanaca cattard samanaca dasapare cuddasete pavuccanti sabbakusala yogind " 3c)jd4^3^ e)a53®<^ c5®o:53oS) <;aac®(i With evil thoughts the immoral concomitants stand under 7 groups namely, 19, 18. 20, 21,- 20, 22 and 15. With every immoral thought 14 mental concomitants always arise viz the four common to all classes of immoral consciousness and ten besides, that is with the exception of desire-to-do, pleasurable interest and deciding from the 13 unmoral con- comitants. SYNTHESIS OF UNMORAL MENTAL CONCOMITANTS Lastly, in consciousness not accompanied by hetus (eVit^), there are 12 of the 13 unmoral concomitants, desire-to-do being excluded, which enter into combination, in the conscious- ness of aesthetic pleasure. lOI They combine also in the consciousness of determining', pleasurable interest being excluded as well as desire-to-do, and again with the consciousness of investigation with pleasure and effort being excluded as well as desire-to-do.