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Perplexity 83— 92 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 Chapter XI Of Morally Beautiful Concomitants 1. Concomitants in four Groups . . 2. Concomitants as accidental and as Essen- tial, Synthesis of Concomitants, Syn- thesis in transcendental Consciousness 93 110 94 95 3. Synthesis in Sublime Consciousness 4. Synthesis of morally beautiful Conscious- ness in Kamaloka 0. Synthesis of immoral Concomitants . . 6. Synthesis of unmoral Mental Concomitants 7. Confidence 8. Mindfulness 9. Prudence 10. Discretion 11. Disinterestedness . 12. Amity and Balance of mind 13. Composure of mental properties, compo- sure of mind, buoyancy of mind and mental properties il. Pliancy of mind and mental properties, fitness of work of mental properties and proficiency of mental properties and mind 15. Rectitude of mental properties and mind Chapter XII. 1. The three Abstinences 2. The Illimitables 3. Reason 4. How classes of Consciousness rooted in lust arise 5. Thought process 6. How classes of Consciousness rooted in aversion or hate arise 7. How classes of Consciousness rooted in nescience arise 8. Immoral resultant classes unaccompanied by Lcbus 9. Base of Eye Consciousness 10. Base of Auditory Consciousness and base of Olfactory Consciousness Page 96 97 99 100 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 320 Page rr 11. Base of Gusfcatory Consciousness, base of tactile Consciousuess and illustrations showing the arising of five door sense- impressions . . . . . , 12. Recipient and investigating Consciousness 13. Seven immoral resultants, eight moral resultants and ineffective classes . . 14. How the eight classes of moral conscious- ness arise 15. Illustration showing the origination of first class of moral consciousness . . 16. Reason for calling this class of moral cons- ciousness "Great" 17 How the eight moral classes become end- less and incalculable 18. How the eight great moral resultants become endless and incalculable 19. Rebirth Consciousness 20. Ohiilan^ga Controversy 21. Eight great ineffective classes belonging to the Arahants 22. Synthesis of Mental Properties of Cons- ciousness in RiJpaloka and Ariipaloka 23. Synthesis of Mental Properties in Riipaioka Consciousness 24. FuDctiona of Jhana Factors 25. How Jhana Consciousness gives rise to results, Results of First Jh^na . . 26. Results of Second and Third Jhanas, Results of Fourth Jhana, Results of Fifth Jhana 27. How Rupaloka Consciousness is reckoned 28. Moral, Resultant and ineffective Conscious- ness of Ariipaloka •29. Synthesis of Mental Concomitants in Transcendental Consciousness . . 30. How Transcendental Consciousness be- comes innumerable) i 121 122 123 124 126 127 127 129 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 138 140 HI 142 31. 32. 33. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17, 18. 19. 20. How Transcendental Consciousness be- comes forty classes, Attainment of Path from Jhana Emancipation Attainment of Path from Contemplation of Jhana Factors, Attainment of Path according to ones Desires . . PART III. Chapter XIII. Introductory, Feeling Fifty three Associated States . . Classes of Consciousness obtained under the Six Summaries, Feeling Painful Sensations . . Hetus . . How Hecus are differentiated, Classes o Consciousness and their roots Functions of Roots, Analysis of Roots Analysis of Consciousness according to roots Of Function Functions Functions . . Rebirth, Life Continuum Apprehending, Seeing. Hearing, Smelling Tasting, Touching Receiving, Investigating, Determining Apperceiving, Retention, Re Decease . Stages or Places Twentyfive Stages Classes of Consciousness performing the Function of Rebirth Of Doors or Organs Summary of Doors Eye Door, Ear Door, Nose Door, Tongue Door, Body Door. Mind Door Illustration • • Page 144 146 14' 150 152 153 154 155 157 158 159 160 163 164 165 166 167 169 170 172 173 174 175 8 21. Classes of Consciousnesa through the Eye Door, Classes of Consciousness through the other four Doors, Classes of Cons- ciousness through the Mind Door, Classes of Consciousness that are Door freed 22. Of ohject of Consciousness 23. Ohjects 24. Visual Objects, Audible Objects 25. Odorous Objects. Sapid Objects, Tangible Objects, Cognizable Objects 26. Of Bases 27. Six Bases 28. Heart and its Base, Heart Contents 29. Number of Bases existing in Page and its different Planes, Controversy re Heart Base 176 177 181 182 183 185 186 187 188 NAMO TASSA BHACAVATO ARAHATO SAMMA SAMBUDDHASSA, PREFACE. By reason of tlic Oriental languages, such as Sinhalese and Pali, being not subjects included in the curriculum of most schools till recently, the average educated Buddhist of the present day appears to be in total ignorance of Buddhist philosophy in particular and The Buddha Dhamma in general. The more fortunate ones who take a keen interest in the study of the doctrine and thirst for knowledge have no other alternative but to resort to publications of The Pali Text Society. It is unfortunate that the editor Mrs. Rhys Davids, who has such scholastic attainments as to render absolutely correct trans- lations from the ' original Pali and commentaries, very often contorts facts and misrepresents the doctrine interpolating her views in conformity with The Mahayana Buddhism and from the point of view of Christianity. As a result of this, the student who reads Pali Text Society publications, although he gathers knowledge of the doctrine, is likely to go astray. Out of compassion to my unfortunate brothers and sisters I make a bold attempt to undertake the extremely difficult task of writing a treatise on Buddhist Philosophy or Abhidhamma Pitaka. It will be seen that The Abhidhamma Attha Sangaha written by The Venerable Anuruddha Thero is being utilized as the basis for this work. In this exposition the seven books on Abhidamma Pitaka, their commentaries and sub-commen- taries will be consulted to such an extent only as to avoid the two extremes and follow the middle path. I have often heard from some Bhikkhus and laymen that a knowledge of the Abhidhamma is not absolutely necessary for one to reach the goal he is striving for. I think otherwise ; and the greater the knowledge he possesses of this abstruse philosophy, the more easily and sooner will he be able to eradicate the erroneous views of a personal entity — ego — theory of soul or atman and cast away the sixteen types of doubt which i 11 impede one's spiritual progress, and contemplate m\ the three salient marks or characteristics from the knowledge of things in general as composite up to the knowledge which is quali- fication for the path and gain emancipation. A thorough comprehension of the analysis of mind and body with reference to their respective features, essential proper- ties, resulting phenomena and proximate causes and a compre- hension of the causal relations of mind and body, vi^ the Law of dependent origination and the system of correlation are absolutely necessary for The Purity of views and Purity of escaping from doubt when one practices exercises in Insight. Therefore I sincerely hope that all my brothers and sisters will take a keen and active interest in this compilation, which, I expect, would tend to dispel erroneous perceptions, ideas, and views that one is obsessed with, and help one to practise exercises in calm and insight which will ultimately lead one to Nibbana, through one of the channels of emancipation. Before concluding I must express my great indebtedness to The Venerable Pelcne Siri Vajiragnana Maha Nayaka Thero and his pupil Venerable Narada Thero for the great assistance rendered in going through the proofs and making necessary corrections. Priyawimana, Negombo. 24TH May, 1937- C. L. A. De SILVA, Author. INTRODUCTION. The Buddha Dhamma consists of three sections vi^ Sutta Pitaka, Abhidhamma Pitaka and Vinaya Pitaka. The Abhi- dhamma Pitaka consists of seven books vi^, Dhammasangani X'lbhanga, Dhatukatha, Puggalapaniiatti, Kathawatthu, Yamaka and Patthana, which are known as the seven Prakaranas.