English
English version Regarding Parivasa (a type of Sangha punishment), it should be known whether the offense was committed before or after ordination, and whether it was concealed or not. It should be known how to calculate the days of concealment. In Manatta (another type of Sangha punishment), it should be known the relationship between the number of days and the concealment. It should be known the relationship with concealment based on years. It should be known the relationship with concealment since purification. It should be known the extensive and brief concealment. It should be known whether it constitutes an offense or not. Three conditions are required to constitute an offense: first, intention; second, bodily action; and third, emission of semen. Having these three conditions constitutes an offense. Four people can perform Parivasa. During the Parivasa period, as long as one person within the boundary does not lose a night's lodging (i.e., stays overnight in the monastery), the four people can also perform Manatta Kamma (Sangha ritual). However, there must be four people within the boundary who do not lose a night's lodging. A Bhikkhu (monk) who is performing concealment will lose a night's lodging for eight reasons: first, going to another monastery without informing; second, leaving the boundary without informing; third, a guest Bhikkhu arrives without informing; fourth, other practitioners in the monastery are present without informing; fifth, being sick without sending someone to inform; sixth, two or three Bhikkhus staying in the same room; seventh, staying in a place without Bhikkhus; eighth, attending scheduled or unscheduled gatherings without informing. These eight reasons will cause loss of a night's lodging, committing a Dukkhata (a minor offense). A Bhikkhu performing Manatta also performs the above eight things, except that he must inform the Sangha every day, which is different from Parivasa. Parivasa is a Hu (non-Chinese) word, translated into Chinese as '不定别住' (bu ding bie zhu, indefinite separate dwelling). Manatta is also a Hu word, translated into Chinese as '楷定别住' (kai ding bie zhu, definitive separate dwelling). Abbhana is also a Hu word, translated into Chinese as '出罪下意比丘' (chu zui xia yi biqiu, Bhikkhu with a humble mind after expiation). He should sit below the senior Bhikkhus and above the Sramaneras (novice monks). He should not sit on the same bed as the senior Bhikkhus, unless it is for placing objects, receiving offerings, or washing feet for a pure Bhikkhu. All necessities, such as washing clothes, sweeping the floor, welcoming and seeing off guests, setting up seats, and washing feet, should not be done. Violating this will also result in the deprivation of thirty-five qualifications. The first set of five aspects: first, not being allowed to give Upasampada (higher ordination, Bhikkhu ordination). Second, not being allowed to be an Upajjhaya (preceptor). Third, not being allowed to keep Sramaneras (novice monks). Fourth, not being allowed to be assigned by the Sangha to instruct Bhikkhunis (nuns). Fifth, if assigned, he should go. The second set of five aspects: first, not being allowed to be the reciter of the Patimokkha (Uposatha). Second, also not being allowed to ask and answer questions about Vinaya (discipline) in the Sangha. Third, should not be a Kammakāraka (one who performs the acts of the Sangha) assigned by the Sangha. Fourth, the Sangha can choose wise people, allowing them to discuss Sangha matters, but not including him. Fifth, should not be a messenger assigned by the Sangha. The third set of five aspects: first, not being allowed to enter villages. Second, should not return close to dusk. Third, should be close to Bhikkhus, not close to outsiders. Fourth, not obeying the teachings of good Bhikkhus. Fifth, not speaking strange languages. The fourth set of five aspects: first, should not... --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
犯此罪。余人亦不应作。二若犯相似若从此生。三若复犯重于此。四不应慊羯磨人。第五五句。一善比丘为敷坐具不应受。二不应受洗足。三不应受洗足物。四不应受拭巾革屣。五不授他揩摩。第六五句。一不应举善比丘。二不应与他忆念作自言。三不应证他事。不应遮布萨自恣。五不应共比丘诤。第七五句。一应受若比丘礼拜合掌。三问讯。四迎送。五持衣钵此。是三十五事一一应奉行不得违。比丘犯九十僧残罪。应半月僧中行摩那埵。亦夺三十五事失宿。除别宿余同大僧 僧祇曰。比丘尼在城邑聚落。二人相去曳手及犯僧残 四分曰。比丘尼夜宿相及舒手。不及犯僧残 问曰。有人言。行摩那埵时。共清净比丘同室。此宿事云何 答曰。不应尔。摩那埵比丘亦行别住。若同室宿不名出罪。常在僧中者。谓界内常有四人。明同室宿 问曰。有人言。行别住摩那埵。僧中白时得一。众中二三人一时白得成就不 答曰。不成。同一界内随僧多少皆应尽集。人人不得一时并白。 三部律杂事品第九 四分曰。比丘有五德。为僧分粥分物分房卧具却闇尼差次请会差比丘使沙弥有无之法。入地狱如箭。随爱随瞋随怖随痴不知可分不可分。五德生天如箭。即幡上句是 十诵有三种大贼。一者有比丘。将百千人破坏城 现代汉语译本： 犯此罪。其他人也不应该做。二、如果犯了相似的罪行，或者由此产生（的罪行）。三、如果再犯比这更重的罪。四、不应该轻慢羯磨（Karma，业）的执行者。第五，有五句话：一、善良的比丘为（其他比丘）铺设坐具，不应该接受（回报）。二、不应该接受洗脚（的服务）。三、不应该接受洗脚的物品。四、不应该接受擦脚巾和鞋子。五、不（应该）允许他人按摩（自己）。第六，有五句话：一、不应该指责善良的比丘。二、不应该让其他人回忆起（自己的）过错，并自作辩解。三、不应该证明他人的过失。四、不应该阻止（他人）举行布萨（Posadha，每半月诵戒仪式）和自恣（Pavarana，僧众互相检举过失的仪式）。五、不应该与比丘争论。第七，有五句话：一、应该接受比丘的礼拜和合掌。二、（应该接受）问候。三、（应该接受）迎接和送别。四、（应该接受）持有衣钵。这些是三十五件事，每一件都应该奉行，不得违背。比丘犯九十僧残罪（Sanghavasesa，仅次于波罗夷的重罪），应该在僧团中进行半个月的摩那埵（Manatta，忏悔期）。也要剥夺（其）三十五事，失去（寄宿的）资格。除了单独的住所，其余的与大众僧人相同。僧祇律（Mahasanghika Vinaya）说：比丘尼在城邑聚落中，两人相距很近，拉手或者犯僧残罪。《四分律》（Dharmaguptaka Vinaya）说：比丘尼夜晚住宿相近，或者伸手（触及对方），（距离）不够（远），犯僧残罪。问：有人说，在进行摩那埵时，与清净的比丘同住一室，这件事如何处理？答：不应该这样。进行摩那埵的比丘也应该单独居住。如果同室而宿，不算是出罪。常在僧团中的（比丘），是指在界限内常有四人（以上）。（这样）才算同室而宿。问：有人说，在进行别住（Parivasa，重罪忏悔期）和摩那埵时，在僧团中禀白时只得到一个（认可），或者在众人中两三个人同时禀白，能够成就（忏悔）吗？答：不能成就。在同一个界限内，无论僧人多少，都应该全部聚集。每个人不得同时一起禀白。 《三部律杂事品》第九 《四分律》说：比丘有五种恶德，（如果）为僧众分配粥、分配物品、分配房间和卧具、却暗中按照亲疏差别（分配），或者在尼（Bhikkhuni，比丘尼）的差遣、次序、请会（邀请）中，或者差遣比丘、使唤沙弥（Sramanera，小沙弥）的事情上，有有无偏颇之法，（这样的人）进入地狱就像箭一样快。随着爱、随着嗔、随着怖、随着痴，不知道什么是可以分配的，什么是不可以分配的。五种善德（的比丘）升天也像箭一样快，就像幡上的句子所说的那样。《十诵律》（Sarvastivada Vinaya）中有三种大贼：一是有些比丘，将成百上千的人破坏城（邑）。
English
English version: Committing this offense, others should not do it either. Second, if one commits a similar offense or if it arises from this (offense). Third, if one commits an offense heavier than this. Fourth, one should not be disrespectful to those performing Karma (Karma, action; here referring to the ritual act). Fifth, there are five clauses: First, a virtuous Bhikkhu (Bhikkhu, Buddhist monk) should not accept (rewards) for preparing a seat for (other Bhikkhus). Second, one should not accept foot washing (services). Third, one should not accept items for washing feet. Fourth, one should not accept foot towels and shoes. Fifth, one should not allow others to massage (oneself). Sixth, there are five clauses: First, one should not accuse a virtuous Bhikkhu. Second, one should not allow others to recall (one's) faults and defend oneself. Third, one should not prove the faults of others. Fourth, one should not prevent (others) from holding Posadha (Posadha, bi-monthly recitation of precepts) and Pavarana (Pavarana, ceremony of self-criticism). Fifth, one should not argue with Bhikkhus. Seventh, there are five clauses: First, one should accept the bowing and joining of palms of Bhikkhus. Second, (one should accept) greetings. Third, (one should accept) welcoming and sending off. Fourth, (one should accept) holding robes and bowls. These are thirty-five matters, each of which should be followed and not violated. A Bhikkhu who commits the ninety Sanghavasesa (Sanghavasesa, a type of serious offense) offenses should undergo Manatta (Manatta, period of penance) in the Sangha (Sangha, monastic community) for half a month. One should also be deprived of (their) thirty-five matters and lose (the qualification for) lodging. Except for separate dwellings, the rest is the same as the general Sangha. The Mahasanghika Vinaya (Mahasanghika Vinaya, a school of Buddhist monastic rules) says: When Bhikkhunis (Bhikkhuni, Buddhist nun) are in cities and villages, if two people are close enough to hold hands or commit a Sanghavasesa offense. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya (Dharmaguptaka Vinaya, a school of Buddhist monastic rules) says: If Bhikkhunis sleep close to each other at night or reach out their hands (to touch each other), (the distance is) not enough (far), they commit a Sanghavasesa offense. Question: Someone says that when undergoing Manatta, one lives in the same room with pure Bhikkhus, how should this matter be handled? Answer: It should not be so. A Bhikkhu undergoing Manatta should also live separately. If they sleep in the same room, it is not considered expiation. Those who are always in the Sangha refer to those who always have four (or more) people within the boundary. (Only then) is it considered sleeping in the same room. Question: Someone says that when undergoing Parivasa (Parivasa, period of probation) and Manatta, if only one (approval) is obtained when reporting in the Sangha, or if two or three people report at the same time in the assembly, can (the repentance) be accomplished? Answer: It cannot be accomplished. Within the same boundary, no matter how many monks there are, all should gather. Each person should not report together at the same time. Ninth Chapter of Miscellaneous Matters from the Three Vinayas The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya says: A Bhikkhu has five evil virtues, (if) when distributing porridge, distributing items, allocating rooms and bedding for the Sangha, but secretly allocating according to favoritism, or in the dispatch, order, and invitation of Bhikkhunis (Bhikkhuni, Buddhist nun), or in the matters of dispatching Bhikkhus and employing Sramaneras (Sramanera, novice monk), there are biased laws of having or not having, (such a person) enters hell as quickly as an arrow. Following love, following anger, following fear, following delusion, not knowing what can be distributed and what cannot be distributed. A Bhikkhu with five good virtues ascends to heaven as quickly as an arrow, just as the sentence on the banner says. The Sarvastivada Vinaya (Sarvastivada Vinaya, a school of Buddhist monastic rules) has three great thieves: First, there are some Bhikkhus who destroy cities (and towns) with hundreds of thousands of people. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
邑聚落杀取财。是第一大贼。若有比丘。同僧菜果枝叶衣着食啖如自己有。是第二大贼。若比丘称言得过人法。是第三大贼 四分曰。有比丘盗贼心倒易他物分夺。佛言。计满五钱犯重。又曰。比丘盗他并得己衣。佛言。他衣犯重。己衣偷兰 问曰。云何为五钱 答曰。余更无明文。但十诵有明文。五钱者是大铜钱一枚。铜钱贾直十六小钱。都并有八十小钱。舍戒有二种。一成舍戒。二不成舍戒。在七众前皆得舍戒。对前人言。我某甲今舍戒作白。依大德忆念。我是白衣。前人应答言。我忆念汝是白衣。如是舍戒 十诵教戒比丘尼具十二德。一具持戒。二百五十戒。二者多闻不忘。三者持律广略。四辩才能说法。五学定。六学戒。七学惠。八除恶邪。九梵行清净。十不污比丘尼净行。十一忍辱。十二满二十腊 四分明。教戒比丘尼人称其十德。一戒律具足。二多闻。三诵二部毗尼。四决断无疑。五善能说法。六大姓出家。七颜貌端正。八勘能为比丘尼说法。九不犯重禁。十满二十[萉-巴+(日/(句-口+匕))] 僧祇明。教戒比丘尼人有八种事。违则有罪。何者八。一非时。谓日没至明相出。二非处。谓深屏露现。三过者。十四日十五日。四时未至者。说戒后二三日。五不和合者。尼众不集。六眷属者。遍教弟 现代汉语译本 邑聚落杀取财（在村庄城镇中杀人越货）。这是第一大盗贼。如果有比丘（佛教出家人），把僧众的菜蔬果实、树枝树叶、衣服穿戴、食物吃用，都当作自己所有，这是第二大盗贼。如果比丘自称得到超过常人的佛法，这是第三大盗贼。《四分律》说，有比丘以盗贼之心，颠倒挪用他人财物，分割抢夺。佛说，价值满五钱就犯重罪。又说，比丘偷盗他人衣物，连同自己的衣物。佛说，偷盗他人衣物犯重罪，偷盗自己的衣物犯偷兰罪。问：什么是五钱？答：没有其他明确的条文。但《十诵律》有明确的条文，五钱是指大铜钱一枚，铜钱的价值相当于十六个小钱，总共有八十个小钱。舍戒有两种，一种是成功的舍戒，一种是不成功的舍戒。在七众（比丘、比丘尼、沙弥、沙弥尼、式叉摩那、优婆塞、优婆夷）面前都可以舍戒。对着面前的人说：‘我某甲现在舍戒，作为白衣。请大德记住，我是白衣。’面前的人应该回答说：‘我记住你是白衣。’这样就是舍戒。《十诵律》教导比丘尼具备十二种德行：一是具足持戒，遵守二百五十条戒律；二是博闻强记，不会忘记；三是通持戒律的广略内容；四是辩才无碍，善于说法；五是学习禅定；六是学习戒律；七是学习布施；八是去除邪恶；九是清净梵行；十是不玷污比丘尼的清净行为；十一是忍辱；十二是戒腊满二十年。《四分律》明确指出，教导比丘尼的人应具备十种德行：一是戒律具足；二是博闻；三是能背诵两部毗尼（律藏）；四是决断无疑；五是善于说法；六是出身于大姓人家；七是容貌端正；八是能够为比丘尼说法；九是不犯重罪；十是戒腊满二十年。《僧祇律》明确指出，教导比丘尼的人有八种事情不能违背，违背就会有罪。哪八种？一是非时，指日落到黎明；二是非处，指在隐蔽或暴露的地方；三是超过时间，指十四日或十五日；四是时间未到，指在说戒后的两三天；五是不和合，指比丘尼众没有聚集；六是眷属，指普遍教导