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大正藏第 85 册 No. 2790 律杂抄 No. 2790 律杂抄 律一卷杂抄 律一卷杂抄 律策一卷 问。比丘是何义 答。□□□□。 □□□□□有三种义□□□□怖魔。三能破烦恼故名比丘。 □□□□□ 答□□□比丘。二相似比丘。三自称比丘。四乞求比丘。五割截衣比丘。六破结使比丘。七善来比丘。八羯磨比丘。 □□□□□种 答。依四分律有四种。一善来。二三归。三八敬。四羯磨。 □□□刑有几种 答依俱舍论有五种。一命终舍戒。二断善根舍。三二形舍舍。五度舍戒。四作法舍。 □。羯磨有几种。复是何义 答。羯磨有三种。一单白羯磨。二白二羯磨。三白四羯磨。所言义有是辨事义。然辨前法事故名辨事义也。 问。羯磨所为事有几种 答。总束为三种。一情道事为受戒等。二非常事为结界等。三情非情事为乞杖离衣等。 问。比丘所食药总有几种 答。有其四种。一时药。二非时药。三七日药。四尽形药。 问。戒与律毗尼波罗提木叉有何差别 答。戒者防非止恶。若不造恶故名为戒。律者法也。非法无以斋戒仪伏。是会意形声释也。故名为律。毗尼者名调伏义能调身三等业。木叉者此名 现代汉语译本 大正藏第 85 册 No. 2790 律杂抄 No. 2790 律杂抄 律一卷杂抄 律一卷杂抄 律策一卷 问：比丘（bhiksu，佛教术语，指出家受具足戒的男性）是何义？ 答：□□□□。 □□□□□有三种义□□□□怖魔（fumo，使人恐惧的事物）。三能破烦恼故名比丘（bhiksu，佛教术语，指出家受具足戒的男性）。 □□□□□ 答□□□比丘（bhiksu，佛教术语，指出家受具足戒的男性）。二相似比丘（bhiksu，佛教术语，指出家受具足戒的男性）。三自称比丘（bhiksu，佛教术语，指出家受具足戒的男性）。四乞求比丘（bhiksu，佛教术语，指出家受具足戒的男性）。五割截衣比丘（bhiksu，佛教术语，指出家受具足戒的男性）。六破结使比丘（bhiksu，佛教术语，指出家受具足戒的男性）。七善来比丘（bhiksu，佛教术语，指出家受具足戒的男性）。八羯磨（karma，业）比丘（bhiksu，佛教术语，指出家受具足戒的男性）。 □□□□□种 答：依四分律有四种。一善来。二三归。三八敬。四羯磨（karma，业）。 □□□刑有几种 答：依俱舍论有五种。一命终舍戒。二断善根舍。三二形舍舍。五度舍戒。四作法舍。 问：羯磨（karma，业）有几种？复是何义？ 答：羯磨（karma，业）有三种。一单白羯磨（karma，业）。二白二羯磨（karma，业）。三白四羯磨（karma，业）。所言义有是辨事义。然辨前法事故名辨事义也。 问：羯磨（karma，业）所为事有几种？ 答：总束为三种。一情道事为受戒等。二非常事为结界等。三情非情事为乞杖离衣等。 问：比丘（bhiksu，佛教术语，指出家受具足戒的男性）所食药总有几种？ 答：有其四种。一时药。二非时药。三七日药。四尽形药。 问：戒与律毗尼（vinaya，戒律）波罗提木叉（pratimoksa，别解脱戒）有何差别？ 答：戒者防非止恶。若不造恶故名为戒。律者法也。非法无以斋戒仪伏。是会意形声释也。故名为律。毗尼（vinaya，戒律）者名调伏义能调身三等业。木叉者此名
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English version T. 85 No. 2790 Vinaya Miscellaneous Transcriptions No. 2790 Vinaya Miscellaneous Transcriptions Vinaya One Scroll Miscellaneous Transcriptions, Vinaya One Scroll Miscellaneous Transcriptions, Vinaya Strategies One Scroll. Question: What is the meaning of Bhiksu (Buddhist monk)? Answer: □□□□. □□□□□ has three meanings □□□□ Fumo (that which causes fear). Three, because it can destroy afflictions, it is called Bhiksu (Buddhist monk). □□□□□ Answer □□□ Bhiksu (Buddhist monk). Two, similar Bhiksu (Buddhist monk). Three, self-proclaimed Bhiksu (Buddhist monk). Four, begging Bhiksu (Buddhist monk). Five, cut-off robe Bhiksu (Buddhist monk). Six, broken bond Bhiksu (Buddhist monk). Seven, welcome Bhiksu (Buddhist monk). Eight, Karma (action) Bhiksu (Buddhist monk). □□□□□ types Answer: According to the Four-Part Vinaya, there are four types. One, welcome. Two, three refuges. Three, eight respects. Four, Karma (action). □□□ punishment has how many types Answer: According to the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya, there are five types. One, abandoning precepts at the end of life. Two, abandoning by cutting off good roots. Three, abandoning due to having two forms. Five, abandoning precepts through ordination. Four, abandoning through formal procedures. Question: How many types of Karma (action) are there? And what is its meaning? Answer: There are three types of Karma (action). One, single white Karma (action). Two, white two Karma (action). Three, white four Karma (action). The meaning is the meaning of handling affairs. However, handling previous legal matters is called the meaning of handling affairs. Question: How many types of matters are handled by Karma (action)? Answer: Generally, it is divided into three types. One, sentient realm matters such as receiving precepts. Two, extraordinary matters such as establishing boundaries. Three, sentient and non-sentient matters such as begging for a staff and leaving robes. Question: How many types of medicine can a Bhiksu (Buddhist monk) eat in total? Answer: There are four types. One, timely medicine. Two, untimely medicine. Three, seven-day medicine. Four, lifetime medicine. Question: What are the differences between Śīla (precept), Vinaya (discipline), and Prātimokṣa (code of monastic rules)? Answer: Śīla (precept) prevents wrongdoing and stops evil. If one does not commit evil, it is called Śīla (precept). Vinaya (discipline) is the law. Without the law, there is no way to observe fasting and maintain proper conduct. It is a compound ideogram and phonetic explanation. Therefore, it is called Vinaya (discipline). Vinaya (discipline) means taming and can tame the three types of actions of the body. Moksha (liberation) is called -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 解脱。解脱一切诸缚名为解脱。
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问。何名五毗尼者 答。一谓戒由序。二制比丘戒。三重制比丘尼戒本。四修多罗。谓诸轨度。五随顺修多罗增一比尼等。 问。律仪有几种 答。有四种。一净虑律仪。是色界尸罗。二无漏律仪。为无漏人身中所起尸罗是。三断律义。为断烦恼名断律义。四别解脱律仪。为欲界尸罗别防非名解脱律仪。 问。略说戒有几种。缓急如何 答有三种。一羯磨说戒。二对首说戒。三心念说戒。然略说戒有三五十五种。七种从缓向急。有七略。从急向缓有十五种略也。 问。安居有几种 答。有四种。一忘成安居。二及界安居。三对首安居。四心念托缘。虑净名安。处名居。 问。安居是何义 答。九旬修道标心。此住故曰安居。又有三义故。一无事游行妨修道业故。二为损伤物命违慈道故。三为除招世讥嫌故。 问。自恣有几种 答。有三种。一羯磨自恣。二对首自恣。三心念自恣。又有三种。一时自恣。二增益自恣。三灭劫自恣。 问。自恣是何义 答。为迷已过恣他举见闻疑罪。故名为自恣义也。 问。何名四分律。主名何 答。四者数也。梵本四夹。复云四。诵方成故名四分。即五分十诵义亦如是。大僧戒本初分。尼戒已下为二 现代汉语译本 解脱。解除一切束缚称为解脱（Moksha）。 问：什么是五毗尼（Pañca-vinaya）？答：一是戒律的缘起（戒由序）。二是制定比丘（Bhiksu）的戒律。三是重申比丘尼（Bhiksuni）的戒本。四是修多罗（Sutra），即各种规范。五是随顺修多罗而增补的毗尼等。 问：律仪（Śīla）有几种？答：有四种。一是净虑律仪，即禅定中所生的尸罗（Śīla，戒）。二是没有烦恼的律仪，这是指无漏之人身上所产生的尸罗。三是断律仪，指断除烦恼而得名。四是别解脱律仪，指在欲界中，为了防止各种过失而持守的尸罗，因此称为解脱律仪。 问：简略地说，戒有几种？缓急程度如何？答：有三种。一是羯磨（Karma）说戒。二是对首说戒。三是心念说戒。然而，简略地说戒有三、五、十五种。七种是从缓到急，有七种简略方式。从急到缓有十五种简略方式。 问：安居（Varsa）有几种？答：有四种。一是忘失而成就安居。二是及界安居。三是对首安居。四是心念托缘。通过思虑而达到清净称为安，处所称为居。 问：安居是什么意义？答：九旬（三个月）修道，以标明心志。因此住在这里称为安居。又有三种意义：一是没有事情妨碍修道业。二是避免损伤物命，违背慈悲之道。三是为了消除招致世俗讥嫌。 问：自恣（Pravarana）有几种？答：有三种。一是羯磨自恣。二是对首自恣。三是心念自恣。又有三种。一是时自恣。二是增益自恣。三是灭劫自恣。 问：自恣是什么意义？答：为了忏悔自己所犯的过失，听凭他人指出见闻疑罪，所以称为自恣。 问：什么是四分律（Caturvargika-vinaya）？主名是什么？答：‘四’是数字。梵文本有四夹。又说‘四’，诵读四次才能完成，所以称为四分。五分律（Mahisasaka-vinaya）、十诵律（Sarvastivada-vinaya）的意义也是如此。大僧的戒本是初分，尼戒以下是第二分。
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English version Liberation. Liberation means freeing oneself from all bonds. Question: What are the five Vinayas (Pañca-vinaya)? Answer: First is the introduction to the precepts (戒由序). Second is the establishment of precepts for monks (Bhiksu). Third is the re-establishment of the precepts for nuns (Bhiksuni). Fourth is the Sutra, which refers to various rules and regulations. Fifth is the Vinaya that supplements the Sutras. Question: How many kinds of Śīla (moral discipline) are there? Answer: There are four kinds. First is the Śīla of pure contemplation, which arises from meditation. Second is the Śīla without outflows (无漏), which arises in the body of a person without outflows. Third is the Śīla of cutting off, which is named for cutting off afflictions. Fourth is the Prātimokṣa Śīla (别解脱律仪), which is the Śīla held in the desire realm to prevent various faults, hence it is called the Śīla of liberation. Question: Briefly speaking, how many kinds of precepts are there? What is the order of urgency? Answer: There are three kinds. First is the Karma recitation of precepts. Second is the face-to-face recitation of precepts. Third is the recitation of precepts in the mind. However, briefly speaking, there are three, five, and fifteen kinds of precepts. Seven kinds go from lenient to urgent, with seven kinds of abbreviations. From urgent to lenient, there are fifteen kinds of abbreviations. Question: How many kinds of Varsa (retreat) are there? Answer: There are four kinds. First is the retreat accomplished through forgetfulness. Second is the retreat within boundaries. Third is the face-to-face retreat. Fourth is the retreat relying on mental contemplation. Purity through contemplation is called '安' (peace), and the place is called '居' (dwelling). Question: What is the meaning of Varsa? Answer: It means cultivating the path for nine decades (three months), marking the mind. Therefore, residing here is called Varsa. There are also three meanings: First, there are no affairs hindering the cultivation of the path. Second, it avoids harming living beings, violating the path of compassion. Third, it is to eliminate causing worldly criticism. Question: How many kinds of Pravarana (self-surrender) are there? Answer: There are three kinds. First is the Karma Pravarana. Second is the face-to-face Pravarana. Third is the mental Pravarana. There are also three kinds: First is the time-based Pravarana. Second is the incremental Pravarana. Third is the destruction-kalpa Pravarana. Question: What is the meaning of Pravarana? Answer: It is to confess one's own faults and allow others to point out sins seen, heard, or suspected, hence it is called Pravarana. Question: What is the Caturvargika-vinaya (四分律)? What is its main name? Answer: 'Four' is a number. The Sanskrit text has four sections. It is also said 'four' because it can only be completed by reciting it four times, hence it is called Caturvargika-vinaya. The meaning of Mahisasaka-vinaya (五分律) and Sarvastivada-vinaya (十誦律) is also the same. The precepts for the great Sangha are the first part, and the precepts for nuns and below are the second part. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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分。安居楗度已下为二。一分房舍揵度已下为四分。故名为四分律。律主名昙无德。此翻为护法。 问。二十部小乘。此律何部所摄 上座犊子。答。法密部所摄。大众一说说出世鸡胤多闻说假制多西山北山上座转多雪山一切犊子法上贤胄正量密林化地法藏饮光经量。 问。如来成道后几年制戒 答。如来成道后十二年前。为诸比丘过失鲜。略制禁戒。此则利根也。十二年后终至涅槃。为诸比丘繁多。广制禁戒。此钝根也。 问。受具足戒具几因缘 答。具六因缘。一受戒人身无十三难缘。二年满二十。三衣钵具足。四三师数如法清净。五在结戒内不得别众势分相及。六一白三羯磨前后方便言辞具足。又准摩夷经有十种受戒。比丘有五种。一上法。二善来。三法语。四敕听。五羯磨。尼亦有种。一上法。二善来。三师法。四遣使。五羯磨。合为十种。 问。律以何为宗。以何体 答。以戒为宗。又说不同。依东塔疏以戒为宗。律以何为体。答。合是语业为体。任意取舍。答。十二处中以法为体。若依经部以不相应为体。依有部以色为体。俱是法处摄。 问。律之所防三业之中。何不防意地 答。所防戒不同别解脱戒。次是色法但防身口。故所防心者定道戒。故得防心。又问。声闻力劣 不防意地故。但身口业故。 问。十三同篇。何故九初便犯四谏方成 答。诸犯戒缘不同。有倚傍者须僧设谏。故四戒倚傍相似须僧设谏。九戒无倚傍。作即便犯故。不须谏故。 问。污家犯何罪耶 答。为违僧谏得残罪。直作未谏结罪不同。自摘花等得提罪。污家恶行等得吉罪。 问。污家戒谏何事 答。所谏之语是傍僧言有爱有恚。是故僧残。 现代汉语译本： 无意中的过失，是因为身和口的业造成的。 问：同样是十三篇，为什么九篇一开始就犯戒，而四篇需要劝谏才能构成犯罪？ 答：各种犯戒的因缘不同。有些是依附于他人的，需要僧团进行劝谏。所以，四戒因为依附性相似，需要僧团进行劝谏。九戒没有依附性，做了就立即构成犯罪，所以不需要劝谏。 问：玷污僧团住所犯什么罪？ 答：因为违背僧团的劝谏，会得到僧残罪（Sanghavasesa）。直接做而没有经过劝谏，所结的罪不同。自己摘花等等，会得到提舍罪（Thullaccaya）。玷污僧团住所的恶行等等，会得到吉罗罪（Dukkata）。 问：玷污僧团住所的戒律，劝谏的是什么事？ 答：所劝谏的言语是（针对）依附僧团的人说的，带有爱或嗔恨，因此是僧残罪。 现代汉语译本： 无意中（不防意地）的过失，是由于身和口的业造成的（故）。 问：同样是十三篇，为什么九篇一开始（九初）就犯戒，而四篇需要劝谏（四谏）才能构成犯罪？ 答：各种犯戒的因缘不同。有些是依附于他人的（有倚傍者），需要僧团设置劝谏（须僧设谏）。所以，四戒因为依附性相似，需要僧团设置劝谏。九戒没有依附性，做了（作）就立即犯戒（便犯），所以不需要劝谏。 问：玷污僧团住所（污家）犯什么罪？ 答：因为违背僧团的劝谏（违僧谏），会得到僧残罪（Sanghavasesa）。直接做（直作）而没有经过劝谏（未谏），所结的罪不同。自己摘花等等，会得到提舍罪（Thullaccaya）。玷污僧团住所的恶行等等，会得到吉罗罪（Dukkata）。 问：玷污僧团住所（污家）的戒律，劝谏的是什么事？ 答：所劝谏的言语是（针对）依附僧团的人说的（傍僧言），带有爱或嗔恨（有爱有恚），因此是僧残罪。