English
English version: 'Nature' refers to 'what is made' (是所作) and 'what is not made' (非所作). 'Fixed' (定) refers to 'what is not made'. Just as 'what is not made', 'eternal' (常) also has no merit (德), no action (动作), and no subtle divisions (细分). 'Existence' (有) is real merit and karma (业), except for 'sameness' (同), 'capability' (有能) and 'incapability' (无能), 'both divisions' (俱分), 'difference' (异), 'what is combined' (所和合), 'one' (一), 'having the same explanatory cause' (有同诠缘因). 'Distinct existence' (别有) is different from 'reality' (实), 'transformation base' (转依), 'one reality obscuring other causes of perception' (一实遮余觉因), indicating that this cause of perception is the result of changes in emptiness (空), direction (方), and time (时). The causes of thought such as emptiness are 'eternal', 'not made', without merit, without action, and without subtle divisions. Except for 'having nature' (有性), 'capability' and 'incapability', 'both divisions', 'difference', 'what is combined', 'not one' (非一). 'Combination' is 'one', is 'eternal', 'not made', without subtle divisions, and without obstruction (质碍). All realities, merits, and karmas, 'sameness', 'difference', 'capability', 'incapability', 'both divisions', 'cause of birth to' (生至因), 'having the same explanatory aspect' (同诠缘相). Just as 'capability' is 'what is made' and 'what is not made'. 'Fixed' is 'what is not made'. Just as 'what is not made', 'eternal' also has no merit, no action, no subtle divisions, and no obstruction. On realities, merits, and karmas, each separately except for 'sameness', 'capability' and 'incapability', 'both divisions', 'difference', 'what is combined', 'not one', 'having the same explanatory aspect'. This is what is called 'capability' and 'incapability' are also like this. The reality of 'both divisions' pervades the meaning of real sentences, 'what is combined' is 'one'. Without obstruction, without subtle divisions, without action, without merit, 'eternal', 'not made'. All realities rotate together, that is, this is different from merit and karma. The nature of merit, the nature of karma, the nature of earth, etc., are also like this. Of these five kinds of unspeakable sentence meanings, which are eternal and which are impermanent? 'Non-arisen non-existence' (未生无) is impermanent because it contradicts the arising of reality, merit, and karma. 'Extinguished non-existence' (已灭无), 'mutual non-existence' (更互无), and 'absolute non-existence' (毕竟无) are all eternal because they do not contradict reality, etc. 'Non-confluence non-existence' (不会无) has both eternal and impermanent aspects. What is eternal? Like the reality of earth, etc., other merits do not combine. If the sameness and difference of reality, etc., and the difference between capability and incapability, except for what they rely on themselves, they do not combine in other places. If there is nature, it does not combine in sameness. What is impermanent? It means that although reality and reality have not yet corresponded, they will necessarily correspond, and this does not exist in that. If there are real merits and karmas in reality, they will necessarily combine, and that does not exist in this. Of these five non-existences, which are the objects of direct perception (现量境) and which are not the objects of direct perception? All are not the objects of direct perception, nor do they depend on others, and are all the objects of inference (比量境). Of these ten sentence meanings, which are knowable and which are unknowable? All are knowable, and that is the explanatory cause. 《Vaisheshika Ten Categories of Meaning》, one volume --------------------------------------------------------------------------------