Chinese
大正藏第 54 册 No. 2124 法门名义集 No. 2124 法门名义集 东宫学士李师政奉阳城公教撰 若夫法体冲寂。真性平等。名相本无。言语斯绝。然而证等之智力。了不同之缘体寂之缘人。乃成无碍之辩。若杜口废言。圣人何以垂化。昏心舍教。凡惑无由生解。故无说不妨于乐说。以知无名不坏于假名。因名以通寂。然则标法之名释名之义理之津道。可不务乎。但布在众典。难得而究。集而释之。则易观矣。 今缘其所见。阙所未详。以类分之。总为七品。身心第一。过患第二。功德第三。理教第四。贤圣第五。因果第六。世果第七。但法门无量。鄙识有崖。其犹以管窥天。以䖶酌海。得浅遗深。千不知一。请俟达者补其阙焉。 诸法门名数分位要略。 身心品法门名义第一 四大 地水火风是也。和合成身。地者骨肉形体也。水者血髓润也。火者温暖也。风者出入气息也。 六大 地水火风空识也。四大前说。此空大虚通分也识大了别心也。 五阴 色受想行识。此五阴共成众生也。何以色阴。形碍为色。领纳为受。假名为想。起作名行。了别为识。何谓为阴者。阴盖积聚。以成众生。 六根 眼耳鼻舌身意。 是为六根。发生六识中间缘。染是识六尘。眼受何尘。色乱其想。耳取何尘。声荡其志。鼻染何尘。香熏其欲。舌受何尘。味长其嗜。身取何尘。著于细滑。意染何尘。流于分别。何以谓之尘。六根所缘合生染着污心智有等尘埃之坋物也。六识随尘障无尘智。行者观空。得无尘解。故能不染声色。不贪舌味。不着细滑。不起分别。达无想之理。得圣人之名。 九识 从眼至意为六。前已具言。第七阿陀那识。第八阿黎耶识。第九阿磨罗识。通前是为九。何名为阿陀那者。此西域语。以义言之。我见之识。凡夫我见依此识起。障无我智令不得生。圣人修灭心定者。乃能除此惑也。除有我之惑。得无我之智。阿黎耶识者。亦西域音也。以义言之。其能有二。一持有色诸根。令其不坏。二持清净种子。使之不亡。阿摩罗者。西域音也。此语翻之名曰净识。又名佛性。亦名法身。体修众德。本来清净。在圣体而不增。处凡身而不减。但有隐显之殊。而无高下之别。烦恼覆之则隐。智惠了之方现。非生因之所生。从了因而得了。 十二入 眼入。耳入。鼻入。舌入。身入。意入。色入。声入。香入。味入。触入。法入。眼等六根。为内六入。色等六尘。相对通生识道。为外六入。内外二六。是为十二入。何谓为入。 现代汉语译本 这就是所谓的六根(眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意)。六根与外境接触,产生六识(眼识、耳识、鼻识、舌识、身识、意识)。染着,就是六识被六尘(色、声、香、味、触、法)所污染。眼睛感受什么尘?是色尘扰乱其思想。耳朵摄取什么尘?是声尘动摇其意志。鼻子沾染什么尘?是香尘熏染其欲望。舌头感受什么尘?是味尘增长其嗜好。身体摄取什么尘?是执着于细滑的触感。意识沾染什么尘?是流于分别。为什么称之为‘尘’?因为六根所缘的外境,结合产生染着,污染心智,就像尘埃一样。六识随着尘境而障碍无尘的智慧。修行者观空,得到无尘的解脱,所以能够不被声色所染,不贪图舌头的美味,不执着于细滑的触感,不起分别之心,通达无想的真理,获得圣人的名号。 九识:从眼识到意识为六识,前面已经详细说明。第七是阿陀那识(Adana-vijnana,执持识),第八是阿黎耶识(Alaya-vijnana,藏识),第九是阿摩罗识(Amala-vijnana,庵摩罗识/清净识)。总共是九识。什么是阿陀那识?这是西域的说法,用意义来解释,就是‘我见’之识。凡夫的‘我见’依此识而生起,障碍无我智慧的产生。圣人修习灭心定,才能去除这种迷惑,去除有‘我’的迷惑,得到无‘我’的智慧。阿黎耶识,也是西域的说法,用意义来解释,它有两种作用:一是持有色等诸根,使它们不坏;二是持有清净的种子,使它们不灭亡。阿摩罗识,是西域的说法,翻译成汉语叫做‘净识’,又名‘佛性’,也名‘法身’,具足修习的众多功德,本来就是清净的。在圣人的身体上不增加,在凡夫的身体上也不减少,只是有隐没和显现的差别,而没有高下的区别。烦恼覆盖它就隐没,智慧照了它就显现,不是由生因所生,而是从了因而得到。 十二入:眼入、耳入、鼻入、舌入、身入、意入、色入、声入、香入、味入、触入、法入。眼等六根,为内六入。色等六尘,相对而生识,为外六入。内外二六,合为十二入。什么是‘入’?
English
English version These are the six roots (eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind). The six roots interact with external objects, giving rise to the six consciousnesses (eye-consciousness, ear-consciousness, nose-consciousness, tongue-consciousness, body-consciousness, and mind-consciousness). Attachment is when the six consciousnesses are defiled by the six sense objects (form, sound, smell, taste, touch, and dharma). What 'dust' does the eye perceive? It is the 'dust' of form that disturbs its thoughts. What 'dust' does the ear take in? It is the 'dust' of sound that shakes its will. What 'dust' does the nose become tainted by? It is the 'dust' of fragrance that熏染its desires. What 'dust' does the tongue experience? It is the 'dust' of taste that increases its cravings. What 'dust' does the body take in? It is attachment to fine and smooth sensations. What 'dust' does the mind become tainted by? It flows into discrimination. Why are they called 'dust'? Because the external objects that the six roots perceive combine to produce attachment, defiling the mind and wisdom, just like dust. The six consciousnesses, following the 'dust', obstruct the wisdom free from 'dust'. The practitioner who contemplates emptiness attains liberation from 'dust', and is therefore able to not be defiled by sights and sounds, not crave the tongue's flavors, not be attached to fine and smooth sensations, not give rise to discrimination, penetrate the truth of non-thought, and attain the name of a sage. The nine consciousnesses: From eye-consciousness to mind-consciousness are the six consciousnesses, which have already been explained in detail earlier. The seventh is the Adana-vijnana (grasping consciousness), the eighth is the Alaya-vijnana (storehouse consciousness), and the ninth is the Amala-vijnana (immaculate consciousness). In total, there are nine consciousnesses. What is the Adana-vijnana? This is a term from the Western Regions. In terms of its meaning, it is the consciousness of 'self-view'. The 'self-view' of ordinary beings arises based on this consciousness, obstructing the arising of wisdom of no-self. Only when sages cultivate the cessation of mind samadhi can they remove this delusion, remove the delusion of having a 'self', and attain the wisdom of no-'self'. The Alaya-vijnana is also a term from the Western Regions. In terms of its meaning, it has two functions: first, it holds the sense faculties such as form, causing them not to decay; second, it holds the pure seeds, causing them not to perish. The Amala-vijnana is a term from the Western Regions. Translated into Chinese, it is called 'pure consciousness', also known as 'Buddha-nature', and also known as 'Dharmakaya' (Dharma-body), possessing the numerous merits of cultivation, and is originally pure. It does not increase in the body of a sage, nor does it decrease in the body of an ordinary being, but there is only a difference between being hidden and being manifest, and there is no difference in high or low. When afflictions cover it, it is hidden; when wisdom illuminates it, it is manifest. It is not produced by a cause of production, but is obtained from a conditioning cause. The twelve entrances: eye-entrance, ear-entrance, nose-entrance, tongue-entrance, body-entrance, mind-entrance, form-entrance, sound-entrance, smell-entrance, taste-entrance, touch-entrance, dharma-entrance. The six roots, such as the eye, are the six internal entrances. The six sense objects, such as form, give rise to consciousness in relation to each other, and are the six external entrances. The two sixes, internal and external, combine to form the twelve entrances. What is an 'entrance'? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
根尘相对通生识道。受入爱憎。故名为入。 十八界 六根六尘六识。总此三六为十八界。何以名界界。性别为义。 过患品法门名义第二 二边 有见无见。是为二边。复有二边。断见常见。有见者。法性空故。不可执有。常见者。因果灭。业报不失。不可断也。常见者。诸法常也。法无空相。不可为常。何以谓之边。空有断常皆是邪僻。不合中道。故谓之边。维摩经云。虽行于空。而殖众德本。虽行无相。而度诸众生。虽行无起。而起一切善行。此是菩萨离边无著之行也。 三毒 贪欲。嗔恚。愚痴是也。此毒能生万咎。 五欲 色欲。声欲。香欲。味欲。触欲。是为五欲也。人天福报受五欲乐。修道之人舍而不着。故维摩经云。虽福应有。不当自恣。当观五欲无常。以求善本。于身命财。而修坚法。 六贼 六识染尘能生三毒。劫害功德。故比之贼。经云。而此识贼如猿猴走游六根是也。 八倒 唯大涅槃有常乐我净。而众生谓无常乐我净。于无见有谓无边理及实。故名倒也。前后二四。名为八倒。 四倒 常倒。我倒。净倒。乐倒。我一切法谓无常乐我净。而众生见有常乐我净。复有四倒。 五盖 贪欲盖。嗔恚盖。睡眠盖。掉举盖。疑盖。何名为 现代汉语译本 ‘根尘相对通生识道。受入爱憎。故名为入。’ 意思是根、尘相对,从而产生了识的道理。感受、接纳,进而产生爱和憎,因此称之为‘入’。 ‘十八界:六根六尘六识。总此三六为十八界。何以名界界。性别为义。’ 十八界指的是六根(眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意)、六尘(色、声、香、味、触、法)和六识(眼识、耳识、鼻识、舌识、身识、意识)。这三组六者合起来就是十八界。为什么称为‘界’呢?‘界’的含义是‘性别’,即各自有不同的性质和作用。 ‘过患品法门名义第二’ ‘二边:有见无见。是为二边。复有二边。断见常见。有见者。法性空故。不可执有。常见者。因果灭。业报不失。不可断也。常见者。诸法常也。法无空相。不可为常。何以谓之边。空有断常皆是邪僻。不合中道。故谓之边。维摩经云。虽行于空。而殖众德本。虽行无相。而度诸众生。虽行无起。而起一切善行。此是菩萨离边无著之行也。’ 二边指的是‘有见’和‘无见’。另一种二边是‘断见’和‘常见’。持有‘有见’的人认为,因为法性本空,所以一切都存在是不可取的。持有‘常见’的人认为,因果会消灭,业报不会消失,所以一切都断灭也是不对的。持有‘常见’的人认为,一切法是永恒不变的,但法并没有空相,所以一切法是常也是不对的。为什么称之为‘边’呢?因为执着于空、有、断、常都是邪僻的,不符合中道,所以称之为‘边’。《维摩经》说:‘虽然修行于空性,却能种植各种功德的根本;虽然修行于无相,却能度化一切众生;虽然修行于无起,却能发起一切善行。’这就是菩萨远离偏见和执着的行为。 ‘三毒:贪欲。嗔恚。愚痴是也。此毒能生万咎。’ 三毒指的是贪欲(Tanha),嗔恚(Dosa),愚痴(Moha)。这三种毒素能产生各种罪过。 ‘五欲:**。声欲。香欲。味欲。触欲。是为五欲也。人天福报受五欲乐。修道之人舍而不着。故维摩经云。虽福应有。不当自恣。当观五欲无常。以求善本。于身命财。而修坚法。’ 五欲指的是**(Form),声欲(Sound),香欲(Smell),味欲(Taste),触欲(Touch)。这是五种欲望。人天享受福报,感受五欲的快乐,但修行的人应该舍弃而不执着。《维摩经》说:‘即使有福报,也不应该放纵自己,应当观察五欲的无常,从而寻求善的根本,对于身命和财富,要修习坚固的佛法。’ ‘六贼:六识染尘能生三毒。劫害功德。故比之贼。经云。而此识贼如猿猴走游六根是也。’ 六贼指的是六识(眼识、耳识、鼻识、舌识、身识、意识)。六识染着于六尘,能产生三毒,劫夺和损害功德,所以比喻为贼。经书上说:‘这些识贼就像猿猴一样,在六根中到处游走。’ ‘八倒:唯大涅槃有常乐我净。而众生谓无常乐我净。于无见有谓无边理及实。故名倒也。前后二四。名为八倒。’ 只有大涅槃(Nirvana)才具有常、乐、我、净的特性,而众生却认为没有常、乐、我、净。对于没有的,却认为有无边的道理和真实,所以称为‘倒’。前后两种各有四种,合起来称为八倒。 ‘四倒:常倒。我倒。净倒。乐倒。我一切法谓无常乐我净。而众生见有常乐我净。复有四倒。’ 四倒指的是常倒、我倒、净倒、乐倒。一切法本无常、无乐、无我、无净,而众生却认为有常、乐、我、净。这是另一种四倒。 ‘五盖:贪欲盖。嗔恚盖。睡眠盖。掉举盖。疑盖。何名为’ 五盖指的是贪欲盖(Covetousness),嗔恚盖(Ill-will),睡眠盖(Sloth and torpor),掉举盖(Restlessness and remorse),疑盖(Doubt)。什么是