Chinese
大正藏第 51 册 No. 2086 北魏僧惠生使西域记 No. 2086 北魏僧惠生使西域记 魏神龟元年十一月冬。大后遣崇立寺比邱惠生与敦煌人宋云。向西域取经。凡得百七十部。皆是大乘妙典。初发京师。西行四十日。至赤岭。即国之西疆也。山无草木。有鸟鼠。同穴。又西行二十日。至吐谷浑国。又西行三千五百里。至鄯善城。又西行千六百里。至且末城。有吕光代胡时所作佛菩萨像。又西行千三百七十五里。至末城。又西行二十二里。至捍𡡉城。有于阗供佛之塔。其旁小塔数千。县幡万计。又西行八百七十八里。至于阗国。有国王所造覆盆浮图一躯。有辟支佛靴。于今不烂。于阗境东西三千里。 神龟二年七月二十九日。入朱驹波国。人民山居。不立屠杀。食自死肉。风俗语言。与于阗同。文学与婆罗门同。其国疆界。可五日行遍。八月入渴盘陀国界。西行六百里。登葱岭山。复西行三日。至钵孟城。三日至毒龙池。为昔盘陀王以婆罗门咒咒之。龙徙葱岭西。去此地二千余里。自发葱岭步步渐高。如此四日。乃至岭。依约中下。实天半矣。渴盘陀国。正在山顶。自葱岭已西。水皆西流入西海。世人云。是天地之中。九月中旬。入钵和国。高山深谷。险道如常。 现代汉语译本 《大正藏》第51册 No. 2086 北魏僧惠生使西域记 No. 2086 北魏僧惠生使西域记 魏神龟元年十一月冬，大后派遣崇立寺的比丘惠生与敦煌人宋云，向西域求取佛经，共取得一百七十部，都是大乘妙典。最初从京师出发，向西走了四十天，到达赤岭，这里是国家的西边疆界。山上没有草木，有鸟和老鼠同在一个洞穴里。又向西走了二十天，到达吐谷浑国。再向西走了三千五百里，到达鄯善城。又向西走了一千六百里，到达且末城，这里有吕光（Lü Guang）取代胡人时所造的佛菩萨像。又向西走了一千三百七十五里，到达末城。又向西走了二十二里，到达捍𡡉城，这里有于阗（Yutian）供奉佛的塔，塔旁有数千座小塔，悬挂着数万条幡。又向西走了八百七十八里，到达于阗国，这里有国王所建造的覆盆式佛塔一座，有辟支佛（Pratyekabuddha）的靴子，至今没有腐烂。于阗国的疆域东西长三千里。 神龟二年七月二十九日，进入朱驹波国。这里的人民居住在山中，不进行屠杀，食用自然死亡的动物的肉。风俗语言与于阗相同，文学与婆罗门（Brahman）相同。这个国家的疆界，大约五天可以走遍。八月进入渴盘陀（Gepantuo）国界，向西走了六百里，登上葱岭山。又向西走了三天，到达钵孟城。三天后到达毒龙池，这是过去盘陀王用婆罗门咒语诅咒的。龙迁移到葱岭以西，距离这里二千多里。自从出发离开葱岭，一步步地逐渐升高，这样走了四天，才到达山岭，大约在中等偏下的位置，实际上已经到了天空的一半了。渴盘陀国，正位于山顶。自从葱岭以西，所有的水都向西流入西海。世人说，这里是天地的中心。九月中旬，进入钵和国，高山深谷，险峻的道路和往常一样。
English
English version The Taisho Tripitaka, Volume 51, No. 2086, Record of the Western Regions by the Monk Hui Sheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty No. 2086 Record of the Western Regions by the Monk Hui Sheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty In the winter of the eleventh month of the first year of the Shengui era of the Wei Dynasty, the Empress Dowager sent the monk Hui Sheng of Chongli Temple and Song Yun of Dunhuang to the Western Regions to obtain scriptures. They obtained a total of one hundred and seventy volumes, all of which were wonderful Mahayana (Great Vehicle) scriptures. They initially departed from the capital and traveled west for forty days, arriving at Chi Ling (Red Ridge), which is the western border of the country. There are no plants or trees on the mountain, but there are birds and mice sharing the same burrow. They traveled west for another twenty days, arriving at the Tuyuhun Kingdom. They traveled west for another three thousand five hundred li, arriving at Shanshan City. They traveled west for another one thousand six hundred li, arriving at Qiemo City, where there are Buddha and Bodhisattva statues made during the time when Lü Guang replaced the Hu people. They traveled west for another one thousand three hundred and seventy-five li, arriving at Mo City. They traveled west for another twenty-two li, arriving at Hanrong City, where there is a pagoda in Yutian dedicated to the Buddha, with thousands of small pagodas beside it and tens of thousands of banners hanging. They traveled west for another eight hundred and seventy-eight li, arriving at the Kingdom of Yutian, where there is a stupa in the shape of an overturned bowl built by the king, and there are boots of a Pratyekabuddha that have not rotted to this day. The territory of Yutian extends three thousand li from east to west. On the twenty-ninth day of the seventh month of the second year of the Shengui era, they entered the Kingdom of Zhujubo. The people here live in the mountains, do not engage in slaughter, and eat the meat of animals that have died naturally. The customs and language are the same as those of Yutian, and the literature is the same as that of the Brahmans. The borders of this country can be traversed in about five days. In the eighth month, they entered the borders of the Gepantuo Kingdom and traveled west for six hundred li, ascending the Pamir Mountains (Congling Mountains). They traveled west for another three days, arriving at Bamen City. After three days, they arrived at the Poison Dragon Pool, which was cursed by the former King of Gepantuo with a Brahman spell. The dragon migrated west of the Pamir Mountains, more than two thousand li away from here. Since departing from the Pamir Mountains, they gradually ascended step by step, and after four days, they reached the ridge, which was approximately in the middle to lower part, but in reality, it was already halfway to the sky. The Gepantuo Kingdom is located right on the top of the mountain. Since west of the Pamir Mountains, all the water flows westward into the Western Sea. People say that this is the center of heaven and earth. In mid-September, they entered the Kingdom of Bahe, with high mountains and deep valleys, and the dangerous roads were as usual. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
因山为城。毡服窟居。人畜相依。风雪劲切。有大雪山。望若玉峰。 十月初旬入嚈哒国。居无城郭。随逐水草。不识文字。年无盈𨳝。周十二月为一岁。受诸国贡献。南至牒罗。北尽敕勒。东被于阗。西及波斯。四十余国。皆来朝贡。最为强大。王帐周四十步。器用七宝。不信佛法。杀生血食。见魏使拜受诏书。去京师二万余里。十一月入波斯国。境土甚狭。七月行过。人居山谷。雪光耀日。十一月中旬入赊弥国。渐出葱岭。硗角危峻。人马仅通。铁锁悬度。下不见底。十二月初旬入乌场国。北接葱岭。南连天竺。土气和暖。原田膴膴。民物殷阜。国王菜食长斋。晨夜礼佛。日中以后。始治国事。钟声遍界。异花供养。闻魏使来。膜拜受诏。国中有如来晒衣履石之处。其余佛迹。所至炳然每一佛迹。辄有寺塔履之。比丘戒行清苦。 至正光元年四月中旬入乾陀罗国。土地与乌场国相似。本名业波罗。为嚈哒所灭。遂立敕勒为王。国中人民。悉是婆罗门。为嚈哒□典。而国王好杀。不信佛法。与罽宾争境。连年战斗。师老民怨。坐受诏书。凶慢无礼。送使一寺。供给甚薄。西行至新头大河。复西行十三日。至佛沙伏城。城郭端直。林泉茂盛。土饶珍宝。风俗淳善。名僧德泉道行高奇。石像庄严。通身金箔 现代汉语译本 因山为城：依山势而建城池。 毡服窟居：人们身穿毛毡衣服，居住在洞穴里。 人畜相依：人和牲畜相互依赖。 风雪劲切：风雪猛烈。 有大雪山：有一座巨大的雪山。 望若玉峰：远远望去像用玉石堆砌的山峰。 十月初旬入嚈哒国（Hephthalite Kingdom）：十月初进入嚈哒国。 居无城郭：没有城郭居住。 随逐水草：人们逐水草而居。 不识文字：不认识文字。 年无盈𨳝：年份没有剩余。 周十二月为一岁：以十二个月为一年。 受诸国贡献：接受各国的进贡。 南至牒罗（Dieluo）：南方到达牒罗。 北尽敕勒（Chile）：北方到达敕勒。 东被于阗（Khotan）：东方到达于阗。 西及波斯（Persia）：西方到达波斯。 四十余国：四十多个国家。 皆来朝贡：都来朝拜进贡。 最为强大：嚈哒国最为强大。 王帐周四十步：国王的帐篷周围四十步。 器用七宝：器物用七宝装饰。 不信佛法：不相信佛法。 杀生血食：以杀生为业，食用血肉。 见魏使拜受诏书：见到北魏的使者，拜受诏书。 去京师二万余里：距离北魏都城二万多里。 十一月入波斯国（Persia）：十一月进入波斯国。 境土甚狭：国土非常狭小。 七月行过：七个月才能走完。 人居山谷：人们居住在山谷里。 雪光耀日：雪光照耀着太阳。 十一月中旬入赊弥国（Kashmir）：十一月中旬进入赊弥国。 渐出葱岭（Pamir Mountains）：逐渐走出葱岭。 硗角危峻：山势险峻。 人马仅通：人和马勉强可以通过。 铁锁悬度：用铁索悬挂着度过。 下不见底：向下看不到底。 十二月初旬入乌场国（Oddiyana）：十二月初进入乌场国。 北接葱岭：北部连接葱岭。 南连天竺（India）：南部连接天竺。 土气和暖：气候温暖。 原田膴膴：田野肥沃。 民物殷阜：人民富足，物产丰富。 国王菜食长斋：国王吃素，长期斋戒。 晨夜礼佛：早晚礼拜佛。 日中以后：中午以后。 始治国事：才开始处理国家事务。 钟声遍界：钟声响彻各地。 异花供养：用奇异的花朵供养佛。 闻魏使来：听说北魏的使者来了。 膜拜受诏：顶礼膜拜地接受诏书。 国有如来晒衣履石之处：国内有如来晾晒衣服和鞋子的石头。 其余佛迹：其余的佛的遗迹。 所至炳然：所到之处都很明显。 每一佛迹：每一个佛的遗迹。 辄有寺塔履之：都有寺庙和佛塔覆盖着。 比丘戒行清苦：比丘们持戒修行，生活清苦。 至正光元年四月中旬入乾陀罗国（Gandhara）：到了正光元年四月中旬，进入乾陀罗国。 土地与乌场国相似：土地与乌场国相似。 本名业波罗（Yeboluo）：原名叫业波罗。 为嚈哒所灭：被嚈哒国所灭。 遂立敕勒为王：于是立敕勒人为王。 国中人民：国内的人民。 悉是婆罗门（Brahman）：都是婆罗门。 为嚈哒□典：为嚈哒人所管辖。 而国王好杀：而国王喜欢杀戮。 不信佛法：不相信佛法。 与罽宾（Kashmir）争境：与罽宾国争夺领土。 连年战斗：连年征战。 师老民怨：士兵疲惫，百姓怨恨。 坐受诏书：坐着接受诏书。 凶慢无礼：凶狠傲慢，没有礼貌。 送使一寺：把使者送到一座寺庙。 供给甚薄：供给非常简薄。 西行至新头大河：向西走到新头大河。 复西行十三日：又向西走了十三天。 至佛沙伏城（Purushapura）：到达佛沙伏城。 城郭端直：城郭端正笔直。 林泉茂盛：树林和泉水茂盛。 土饶珍宝：土地富饶，盛产珍宝。 风俗淳善：风俗淳朴善良。 名僧德泉道行高奇：有名的僧人德泉，道行高深奇特。 石像庄严：石像庄严。 通身金箔：全身贴满金箔。
English
English version Using mountains as city walls. Living in felt clothes and cave dwellings. Humans and livestock depend on each other. The wind and snow are strong and harsh. There is a great snow mountain. Looking like a jade peak from afar. Entered the Hephthalite Kingdom in early October. Living without city walls, following water and grass. Not knowing how to read or write. No surplus years. Taking twelve months as one year. Receiving tributes from various countries. South to Dieluo. North to Chile. East to Khotan. West to Persia. More than forty countries all come to pay tribute. The most powerful. The king's tent is forty steps around. Utensils are made of seven treasures. Not believing in Buddhism, practicing killing and blood feasting. Seeing the Wei envoy, bowing and receiving the imperial edict. More than 20,000 li away from the capital. Entered Persia in November. The territory is very narrow, taking seven months to cross. People live in mountain valleys. The snow light shines on the sun. Entered Kashmir in mid-November. Gradually leaving the Pamir Mountains. The mountains are rugged and steep, barely passable for people and horses. Iron chains are suspended for crossing, with no bottom visible below. Entered Oddiyana in early December. North bordering the Pamir Mountains, south connected to India. The climate is mild, the fields are fertile, and the people are prosperous. The king eats vegetables and observes a long fast, worshiping the Buddha day and night. After noon, he begins to manage state affairs. The sound of bells echoes throughout the realm, with exotic flowers offered as offerings. Hearing of the arrival of the Wei envoy, he prostrates himself and receives the edict. There is a place in the country where the Tathagata dried his clothes and shoes on a stone. Other traces of the Buddha are clearly visible wherever they are found. Each trace of the Buddha has a temple and pagoda built over it. The Bhikkhus practice the precepts diligently and live a simple life. Entered Gandhara in mid-April of the first year of Zheng Guang. The land is similar to Oddiyana. Originally named Yeboluo, it was destroyed by the Hephthalites. Therefore, a Chile person was established as king. The people in the country are all Brahmins, governed by the Hephthalites. The king is fond of killing and does not believe in Buddhism. Contending for territory with Kashmir, fighting for years, the soldiers are tired and the people resentful. Sitting to receive the imperial edict, he is fierce, arrogant, and impolite. Sending the envoy to a temple, the supplies are very meager. Traveling west to the great river of the Indus, then west for thirteen days to the city of Purushapura. The city walls are straight and upright, the forests and springs are lush, the land is rich in treasures, and the customs are simple and kind. The famous monk Dequan has high and extraordinary moral conduct. The stone statues are solemn, covered with gold leaf all over. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
。有迦叶波佛迹。复西行一日。乘舟渡一深水。三百余步。复西南行六十里。至乾陀罗城。有佛涅槃后二百年。国王迦尼迦所造雀离浮图凡十二重。去地七百尺。基广三百余步。悉用文石为陛。塔内佛事。千变万化。金盘晃朗。宝铎和鸣。西域浮图。最为第一。复西北行。渡一大水。至那迦逻国。有佛顶骨及佛手书梵字石塔铭。凡在乌场国二年。至正光二年还阙。 现代汉语译本：有迦叶波佛（Kasyapa Buddha）的遗迹。再向西走一天，乘船渡过一条深水，大约三百多步。然后向西南走六十里，到达乾陀罗城（Gandhara）。那里有佛陀涅槃后两百年，国王迦尼迦（Kanika）所建造的雀离浮图，共有十二层，离地面七百尺，地基宽三百多步，全部用文石做台阶。塔内的佛事，千变万化，金盘闪耀，宝铎和谐鸣响，是西域所有浮图中最为壮观的。再向西北走，渡过一条大水，到达那迦逻国（Nagara）。那里有佛顶骨以及佛手书写的梵字石塔铭。我在乌场国（Uchang）总共待了两年，于正光二年返回京城。
English
English version: There are relics of Kasyapa Buddha (Kasyapa Buddha). Continuing west for a day, one crosses a deep river by boat, a distance of over three hundred paces. Then, traveling sixty li southwest, one arrives at the city of Gandhara (Gandhara). There stands the Stupa built by King Kanika (Kanika) two hundred years after the Buddha's Nirvana, called the 'Que Li' Stupa, with twelve stories, rising seven hundred feet above the ground, and a base of over three hundred paces wide. All the steps are made of patterned stone. The Buddhist ceremonies inside the stupa are infinitely varied, with golden platters gleaming and jeweled bells ringing harmoniously. It is the most magnificent of all stupas in the Western Regions. Continuing northwest, one crosses a large river to reach the country of Nagara (Nagara). There, one finds the Buddha's skull bone and a stone inscription in Sanskrit written by the Buddha's own hand. I stayed in the country of Uchang (Uchang) for a total of two years, returning to the capital in the second year of the Zheng Guang era. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------