Chinese
大正藏第 50 册 No. 2047b 龙树菩萨传 龙树菩萨传 姚秦三藏法师鸠摩罗什译 大师名龙树菩萨者。出南天竺梵志种也。天聪奇悟事不再告。在乳哺之中。闻诸梵志诵四韦陀典各四万偈。偈有四十二字。背诵其文而领其义。弱冠驰名独步诸国。世学艺能天文地理图纬秘谶。及诸道术无不悉练。契友三人亦是一时之杰。相与议曰天下义理可以开神明悟幽旨者。吾等尽之矣。复欲何以自娱骋情极欲。最是一生之乐。然诸梵志道士势非王公何由得之。唯有隐身之术斯乐可办。四人相视莫逆于心。俱至术家求隐身法。术师念曰。此四梵志擅名一世。草芥群生今以术故屈辱就我。我若咒法授之。此人才明绝世所不知者唯此贱法。若得之便去不复可屈。且与其药使日用而不知。药尽必来求。可以术屈为我弟子。各与青药一丸告之曰。汝于静处用水磨之以涂眼睑。则无有人能见汝形者。龙树菩萨磨药闻气。便尽知药名分数。多少锱铢无失。随其气势龙树识之。还语术师此药有七十种。分数多少尽如其方。药师问曰汝何由知。答曰药自有气何以不知。师即叹伏。顾斯人者闻之犹难。而况相学。我之贱术何足惜耶。即具授。其四人得术隐身自在入王宫中。宫中美人皆被侵陵百余日。后宫中人有 现代汉语译本 《龙树菩萨传》 姚秦三藏法师鸠摩罗什译 大师名为龙树菩萨（Nāgārjuna，佛教大乘中观学派创始人），出身于南印度的一个婆罗门种姓家庭。他天资聪颖，领悟力极强，任何事物只需教导一次就能完全掌握。还在襁褓之中时，就能听懂婆罗门祭司诵读的四部《吠陀经》（Vedas），每部经典各有四万颂，每颂有四十二个字。他不仅能背诵经文，还能领会其中的含义。弱冠之年，他的名声就传遍各国，才学无人能及。世俗的学问、技艺、天文、地理、图谶秘术以及各种道术，他都精通熟练。他有三个志同道合的朋友，也都是当时杰出的人物。他们一起商议说：‘天下间的义理，能够开启人的神智，领悟幽深旨意的，我们都已经掌握了。还能用什么来娱乐自己，放纵情欲呢？这才是人生最大的快乐。’然而，他们作为婆罗门和道士，地位不如王公贵族，如何才能得到这些呢？唯一的办法就是学会隐身之术，这样才能实现这些快乐。四人彼此心照不宣，一同去拜访一位术士，求学隐身之法。术士心想：‘这四个婆罗门名扬天下，视众生如草芥。如今因为法术而屈尊来求我。如果我把咒语传授给他们，这些人聪明绝顶，唯一不知道的就是这种低贱的法术。如果他们得到了，就会离去，不再受我控制。不如先给他们药，让他们每天使用却不知道原理。等药用完了，他们一定会来求我，这样就可以用方术来控制他们，让他们成为我的弟子。’于是，他分别给了他们每人一颗青色的药丸，告诉他们说：‘你们在安静的地方用水磨碎药丸，涂在眼睑上，就没有人能看见你们的身形了。’龙树菩萨磨药时，闻到药的气味，就完全知道了药的名称、成分、剂量，分毫不差。根据药的气味，龙树就辨识了出来。他还告诉术士说：‘这药有七十种成分，成分和剂量都和药方上的一样。’药师问：‘你是怎么知道的？’龙树回答说：‘药自有气味，怎么会不知道呢？’术士听了，惊叹佩服。心想：‘这种事情，听起来都很难，更何况是学习。我的这种低贱的法术，又有什么值得吝惜的呢？’于是，他就把法术全部传授给了他们。这四个人得到了隐身术，便自由自在地进入王宫。宫中的美人都受到了他们的侵犯，持续了一百多天。后来，宫中的人
English
English version The Biography of Nāgārjuna Bodhisattva Translated by Tripiṭaka Master Kumārajīva of the Yao Qin Dynasty The great master, named Nāgārjuna Bodhisattva (Nāgārjuna, founder of the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhism), came from a Brahmin family in South India. He was extraordinarily intelligent and quick-witted, mastering everything after being taught only once. Even in his infancy, he could understand the four Vedas (Vedas) recited by the Brahmins, each scripture containing forty thousand verses, with each verse having forty-two words. He could not only recite the scriptures but also comprehend their meaning. By the time he reached adulthood, his fame had spread throughout various countries, and his talent was unmatched. He was proficient in worldly knowledge, arts, astronomy, geography, apocryphal texts, and various Taoist arts. He had three like-minded friends, who were also outstanding figures of the time. They discussed together, saying, 'The principles of the world that can open one's mind and comprehend profound meanings, we have already mastered them all. What else can we use to entertain ourselves and indulge our desires? This is the greatest pleasure in life.' However, as Brahmins and Taoists, their status was inferior to that of kings and nobles. How could they obtain these pleasures? The only way is to learn the art of invisibility, so that these pleasures can be realized. The four of them understood each other tacitly and went together to visit a sorcerer, seeking to learn the art of invisibility. The sorcerer thought to himself, 'These four Brahmins are famous throughout the world and regard sentient beings as mere grass. Now, because of magic, they condescend to ask me. If I teach them the incantation, these people are extremely intelligent, and the only thing they don't know is this lowly magic. If they obtain it, they will leave and no longer be controlled by me. It is better to give them medicine first, so that they use it every day without knowing the principle. When the medicine is used up, they will definitely come to me, so that I can control them with magic and make them my disciples.' So, he gave each of them a green pill and told them, 'Grind the pill with water in a quiet place and apply it to your eyelids, and no one will be able to see your form.' When Nāgārjuna Bodhisattva ground the medicine, he smelled the scent of the medicine and completely knew the name, ingredients, and dosage of the medicine, without any error. Based on the scent of the medicine, Nāgārjuna identified it. He also told the sorcerer, 'This medicine has seventy ingredients, and the ingredients and dosages are exactly the same as in the prescription.' The pharmacist asked, 'How do you know?' Nāgārjuna replied, 'The medicine has its own scent, how could I not know?' The sorcerer was amazed and admired him. He thought, 'This kind of thing is difficult to even hear about, let alone learn. What is there to be stingy about with my lowly magic?' So, he taught them all the magic. The four of them obtained the art of invisibility and freely entered the royal palace. The beauties in the palace were violated by them for more than a hundred days. Later, the people in the palace --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
怀妊者以事白王。王大不悦。此何不祥为怪乃尔。召诸智臣以谋此事。有旧老者言凡如此事应有二种。或鬼或术。可以细土置诸门中。令有司守之断诸术者。若是术人足迹自现可以兵除。若其是鬼则无迹也。鬼可咒除人可刀杀。备法试之见四人迹。即闭诸门令数百力士。挥刀空斫斫杀三人。唯有龙树敛身屏气依王头侧。王头侧七尺刀所不至。是时始悟欲为苦本。厌欲心生发出家愿。若我得脱。当诣沙门求出家法。既而得出入山诣佛塔出家受戒。九十日中诵三藏。尽通诸深义。更求诸经都无得处。雪山中深远处有佛塔。塔中有一老比丘。以摩诃衍经与之。诵受爱乐虽知实义未得通利。周游诸国更求余经。于阎浮提中遍求不得。外道论师沙门义宗咸皆摧伏。即起憍慢心。自念言世界法中津涂甚多。佛经虽妙以理推之故未尽。未尽之中可推。而说之以悟后学。于理不违于事无失。斯有何咎。思此事已。即欲行之立师教诫更造衣服。今附佛法所别为异。方欲以无所推屈表一切智相。择日选时当与诸弟子。受新戒着新衣便欲行之。独在静室水精地房。大龙菩萨见其如此。惜而愍之即接入海。于宫殿中开七宝藏发七宝函。以诸方等深奥经典无上妙法授之龙树。龙树受读九十日中通练甚多。其心深入体得实利。龙知其心而问之曰。看 现代汉语译本： 怀孕的女子将此事禀告国王。国王非常不悦，认为这是极不祥的怪事。于是召集所有智臣商议此事。有一位年老的臣子说，通常发生这样的事情，应该有两种可能：一是鬼怪作祟，二是法术所致。可以用细土撒在门内，命令官吏把守，以此来阻止使用法术的人。如果是术士，就会留下足迹，可以用武力铲除。如果是鬼怪，则不会留下痕迹。鬼怪可以用咒语驱除，人可以用刀杀死。于是按照这个方法试验，发现了四个人的足迹。立即关闭所有门，命令数百名力士挥刀乱砍，杀死了三人。只有龙树（Nāgārjuna，人名，佛教大乘中观学派创始人）收敛身体，屏住呼吸，紧靠在国王头侧。国王头侧七尺之内，刀没有砍到。这时他才醒悟到欲望是痛苦的根源，厌恶欲望之心油然而生，并发出了出家的愿望。如果我能脱身，就去拜访沙门（Śrāmaṇa，指佛教或其他出家修行者），寻求出家之法。之后他得以脱身，进入山中，前往佛塔出家受戒。九十天内诵读三藏（Tripiṭaka，佛教经典的总称），完全通晓了其中的深刻含义。之后他想寻找更多的经书，却无处可得。雪山深处有一座佛塔，塔中有一位老比丘（bhikṣu，佛教出家男众），将摩诃衍经（Mahāyāna Sutra，大乘经典）传授给他。龙树诵读并喜爱这部经典，虽然理解了其中的真实含义，但还未能完全通达。他周游各国，寻找其他的经书，在整个阎浮提（Jambudvīpa，指我们所居住的这个世界）都没有找到。外道论师和沙门义宗都被他一一摧伏。于是他生起了骄慢之心，心想：世间的法门途径很多，佛经虽然精妙，但用道理来推究，还是有未尽之处。对于未尽之处，可以进行推演并加以阐述，以此来启发后来的学习者。这样做在道理上没有违背，在事实上也没有缺失，这有什么过错呢？思考完这件事后，他便想开始行动，树立师长的教诫，重新制作衣服，现在附和佛法，但又有所区别，以此来标新立异。他正想用无可辩驳的言论来展现自己一切智的相貌。选择好日子和时辰，准备和弟子们一起接受新的戒律，穿上新的衣服，就要开始行动。他独自一人在静室的水晶地面房间里。大龙菩萨（Mahānāga Bodhisattva）看到他这样，既惋惜又怜悯他，于是将他接入海底。在宫殿中打开七宝藏，取出七宝函，将诸方等（Vaipulya，广大的）深奥经典和无上妙法传授给龙树。龙树接受并诵读，九十天内通习了很多经典，他的内心深入其中，体会到了真实的利益。龙知道他的心意，便问他说：
English
English version: A pregnant woman reported the matter to the king. The king was greatly displeased, considering it an extremely ominous and strange event. He summoned all his wise ministers to discuss the matter. An old minister said that such events usually have two possibilities: either caused by ghosts or by magic. Fine soil can be spread inside the gates, and officials ordered to guard them, to prevent those who use magic. If it is a sorcerer, footprints will appear, and they can be eliminated by force. If it is a ghost, there will be no traces. Ghosts can be dispelled with spells, and people can be killed with swords. So they tested it according to this method and found four people's footprints. Immediately, all the gates were closed, and hundreds of strong men were ordered to swing their swords wildly, killing three people. Only Nāgārjuna (Nāgārjuna, the founder of the Madhyamaka school of Mahayana Buddhism) contracted his body, held his breath, and leaned close to the king's head. The sword did not reach within seven feet of the king's head. At this moment, he realized that desire is the root of suffering, and a sense of aversion to desire arose, and he made a vow to renounce the world. If I can escape, I will visit the Śrāmaṇa (Śrāmaṇa, referring to Buddhist or other renunciates) and seek the Dharma of renunciation. Later, he was able to escape, entered the mountains, and went to a Buddhist pagoda to be ordained. Within ninety days, he recited the Tripiṭaka (Tripiṭaka, the general term for Buddhist scriptures) and fully understood its profound meanings. After that, he wanted to find more scriptures, but there was nowhere to find them. In the depths of the Snow Mountains, there was a Buddhist pagoda, and an old bhikṣu (bhikṣu, a Buddhist monk) in the pagoda transmitted the Mahāyāna Sutra (Mahāyāna Sutra, Mahayana scriptures) to him. Nāgārjuna recited and loved this scripture, and although he understood its true meaning, he had not yet fully mastered it. He traveled around various countries, seeking other scriptures, but could not find them throughout Jambudvīpa (Jambudvīpa, referring to the world we live in). He defeated the heretical teachers and the Śrāmaṇa sects one by one. Then he became arrogant, thinking: There are many paths in the world, and although the Buddhist scriptures are wonderful, there are still things that have not been exhausted when reasoning. For the unfinished parts, it can be deduced and explained to enlighten later learners. There is no violation in reason and no loss in fact, so what is the fault? After thinking about this, he wanted to start acting, establish the precepts of the teacher, and remake the clothes, now in line with Buddhism, but with some differences, in order to be different. He was about to use irrefutable arguments to show the appearance of his omniscient wisdom. After choosing a good day and time, he prepared to receive new precepts and put on new clothes with his disciples, and was about to act. He was alone in a quiet room with a crystal floor. Mahānāga Bodhisattva, seeing him like this, felt pity for him and took him into the sea. In the palace, he opened the seven-treasure store, took out the seven-treasure box, and transmitted the profound scriptures and supreme Dharma of the Vaipulya (Vaipulya, vast) to Nāgārjuna. Nāgārjuna accepted and recited them, and within ninety days he mastered many scriptures, and his heart went deep into them, experiencing the real benefits. The dragon knew his mind and asked him: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
经遍未。答言汝诸函中经甚多无量不可尽也。我所读者已十倍阎浮提。龙言如我宫中所有经典。诸处此比复不可知。龙树即得诸经一箱。深入无生三忍具足。龙还送出。时南天竺王甚邪见承事外道毁谤正法。龙树菩萨为化彼故躬持赤幡在王前行。经历七年王始怪问。此是何人在我前行。答曰我是一切智人。王闻是已甚大惊愕而问之言。一切智人旷代不有。汝自言是何以验之。答言欲知智在说王当见问。王即自念我为智主大论议师。问之能屈犹不足名。一旦不如此非小事。若其不问便是一屈迟疑良久。不得已而问之。天今何为耶。龙树言天今与阿修罗战。王闻此言譬如人噎。既不得吐又不得咽。欲非其言复无以证之。欲是其事无事可明。未言之间龙树复言。此非虚论求胜之谈。王小待之须臾有验。言讫空中便有干戈兵器相系而落。王言干戈矛戟虽是战器。汝何必知是天与阿修罗战。龙树言构之虚言不如校以实事。言已阿修罗手足指及其耳鼻从空而下。又令王及臣民婆罗门众。见空中清除两阵相对。王乃稽首伏其法化。殿上有万婆罗门。皆弃束发受成就戒。是时龙树．于南天竺大弘佛教。摧伏外道广明摩诃衍。作优波提舍十万偈。又作庄严佛道论五千偈。大慈方便论五十偈。令摩诃衍教大行于天竺。又造无畏论十万偈。于 现代汉语译本 经读完了吗？答：你那些书箱里的经书非常多，无量无尽。我所读过的，已经是阎浮提（Jambudvipa，指我们所居住的这个世界）的十倍了。龙说：像我宫中所藏的经典，其他地方的经典与此相比，简直无法知晓其数量。龙树（Nagarjuna，佛教大乘中观学派创始人）随即得到一箱经书，深入理解无生法忍（Anutpattika-dharma-kshanti，对诸法不生不灭的真理的深刻领悟），三忍（三种忍辱）具足。龙又将他送出。当时南天竺（South India）的国王非常邪见，信奉外道，毁谤正法。龙树菩萨为了教化他，亲自拿着红幡在国王面前行走。经过七年，国王才感到奇怪，问道：‘这个人是谁，在我面前行走？’答道：‘我是一切智人（Sarvajna，指佛陀或具有最高智慧的人）。’国王听了这话，非常惊讶，问道：‘一切智人旷世难遇，你自己说是，有什么证据？’答道：‘想知道智慧是否存在，国王可以提问。’国王心想：‘我是智慧之主，大学者，提问能难倒他也不足以称奇。一旦不能难倒他，就不是小事。如果不问，就显得我屈服了。’迟疑了很久，不得已才问道：‘天（Deva，指天神）现在在做什么？’龙树说：‘天现在正在和阿修罗（Asura，一种半神）战斗。’国王听了这话，就像人被噎住一样，既吐不出来，又咽不下去。想否定他的话，又没有证据；想肯定他的话，又没有事情可以证明。还没说话，龙树又说：‘这不是虚假的言论，也不是为了求胜的谈话。国王稍等片刻，很快就会有验证。’说完，空中便有干戈兵器相连着落下。国王说：‘干戈矛戟虽然是战器，你凭什么知道是天与阿修罗在战斗？’龙树说：‘虚假的言语不如用事实来验证。’说完，阿修罗的手足指头以及耳鼻从空中落下。又让国王及臣民婆罗门（Brahmin，古印度僧侣阶层）众人，看见空中清除，两阵相对。国王于是叩头，信服了他的教化。殿上有万名婆罗门，都舍弃了束发，接受了具足戒（Bhiksu，比丘戒）。这时，龙树在南天竺大力弘扬佛教，摧伏外道，广泛阐明摩诃衍（Mahayana，大乘佛教）。作《优波提舍》（Upadesa，论书）十万偈，又作《庄严佛道论》五千偈，《大慈方便论》五十偈，令摩诃衍教在大行于天竺。又造《无畏论》十万偈，于