Chinese
大正藏第 49 册 No. 2033 部执异论 No. 2033 [cf. Nos. 2031, 2032] 部执异论一卷 天友大菩萨造 陈天竺三藏真谛译 佛灭百年后 弟子部执异 损如来正教 及众生利益 于不了义经 如言执故失 起众生厌怖 今依理教说 天友大菩萨 观苦发弘誓 胜智定悲心 思择如此义 我见诸众生 随种种见流 故说真实义 如佛言所显 若知佛正教 圣谛为根本 故应取真实义 犹如沙中金 如是所闻。佛世尊灭后。满一百年。譬如朗日隐頞悉多山。过百年后更十六年。有一大国名波吒梨弗多罗。王名阿输柯。王阎浮提。有大白盖覆一天下。如是时中大众破散。破散大众凡有四种。一大国众。二外边众。三多闻众四大德众。此四大众。共说外道所立五种因缘。五因缘者。如彼偈说。 余人染污衣 无明疑他度 圣道言所显 是诸佛正教 思择此五处。分成两部。一大众部。二上座弟子部。至第二百年中。从大众部。又出三部。一一说部。二出世说部。三灰山住部。于此第二百年中。从大众部又出一部。名得多闻部。于此第二百年中。从大众部又出一部。名分别 现代汉语译本 《部执异论》 天友大菩萨 造 陈 天竺三藏真谛 译 佛陀涅槃百年之后,弟子们在见解上产生分歧, 损害了如来的正法,以及众生的利益。 由于执着于不了义的经典,按照字面意思理解,导致谬误, 引起众生厌恶和恐惧。现在依据正理和教义来阐述。 天友(Deva)大菩萨,观察到众生的苦难,发起弘大的誓愿, 以殊胜的智慧、禅定和慈悲心,思索抉择这些义理。 我看到诸多的众生,随着种种不同的见解而流转, 所以宣说真实的义理,如同佛陀所说的显现。 如果了解佛陀的正教,以四圣谛(catvāri āryasatyāni)为根本, 所以应当选取真实的义理,犹如从沙中淘金。 如是我闻。佛世尊涅槃后,满一百年。譬如明亮的太阳隐没在頞悉多山( অস্তমিত, অস্তং-গমিত, setting mountain)之后。过一百年后又十六年,有一个大国名叫波吒梨弗多罗(Pāṭaliputra,华氏城)。国王名叫阿输柯(Aśoka,阿育王)。统治阎浮提(Jambudvīpa,赡部洲),有巨大的白伞覆盖整个天下。在这样的时代中,大众开始破裂分散。破裂分散的大众凡有四种:一大国众,二外边众,三多闻众,四大德众。这四种大众,共同宣说外道所立的五种因缘。五种因缘是,如那首偈颂所说: ‘其他人穿着染污的衣服, 以无明和疑惑来度化他人, 圣道是语言所能显现的, 这就是诸佛的正教。’ 思索抉择这五个方面,分成两部。一、大众部(Mahāsaṃghika)。二、上座弟子部(Sthavira)。到第二个百年中,从大众部,又分出三部。一、一说部(Ekavyāvahārika)。二、出世说部(Lokottaravāda)。三、灰山住部(Gokulika)。在这第二个百年中,从大众部又分出一部,名叫得多闻部(Bahuśrutīya)。在这第二个百年中,从大众部又分出一部,名叫分别说部(Vibhajyavāda)。
English
English version The Treatise on the Differences of Sects By Bodhisattva Deva Translated by Paramārtha, the Tripiṭaka Master from India of the Chen Dynasty After the Buddha's Parinirvana for a hundred years, The disciples had different opinions on the doctrines, Damaging the True Dharma of the Tathagata, and the benefit of sentient beings. Due to clinging to the provisional sutras, and understanding them literally, leading to errors, Causing sentient beings to feel aversion and fear. Now, based on reason and teachings, I will explain. Bodhisattva Deva, observing the suffering of sentient beings, made a grand vow, With supreme wisdom, samadhi, and compassion, contemplating and discerning these meanings. I see that many sentient beings, flow with various different views, Therefore, I proclaim the true meaning, as revealed by the Buddha's words. If one understands the Buddha's True Dharma, with the Four Noble Truths (catvāri āryasatyāni) as the foundation, Then one should select the true meaning, just like extracting gold from sand. Thus I have heard. After the World Honored One's Parinirvana, a full hundred years passed. It was like the bright sun hiding behind Mount Astamita ( অস্তমিত, অস্তং-গমিত, setting mountain). After a hundred years plus sixteen years, there was a great country named Pāṭaliputra (华氏城). The king was named Aśoka (阿育王). He ruled Jambudvīpa (赡部洲), with a great white umbrella covering the entire world. In such times, the Sangha began to break apart and scatter. There were four kinds of breaking and scattering Sangha: 1. The Great Country Sangha, 2. The Outer Region Sangha, 3. The Well-Learned Sangha, 4. The Great Virtue Sangha. These four Sanghas, together proclaimed the five causes established by the heretics. The five causes are, as the verse says: 'Others wear defiled clothes, Using ignorance and doubt to liberate others, The Holy Path is what language can reveal, This is the True Dharma of all Buddhas.' Contemplating and discerning these five aspects, they were divided into two sects. 1. The Mahāsaṃghika (大众部). 2. The Sthavira (上座弟子部). In the second hundred years, from the Mahāsaṃghika, three more sects emerged. 1. The Ekavyāvahārika (一说部). 2. The Lokottaravāda (出世说部). 3. The Gokulika (灰山住部). In this second hundred years, from the Mahāsaṃghika, another sect emerged, called the Bahuśrutīya (得多闻部). In this second hundred years, from the Mahāsaṃghika, another sect emerged, called the Vibhajyavāda (分别说部). --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
说部。此第二百年满。有一外道。名曰大天。于大众部中出家。独处山间。宣说大众部。五种执异。自分成两部。一支提山部。二北山部。如是大众部四破五破。合成七部。一大众部。二一说部。三出世说部。四灰山住部。五得多闻部。六分别说部。七支提山部。北山部。上座弟子部。住世若千年。至第三百年中。有小因缘分成两部。一说一切有部。亦名说因部。二雪山住部。亦名上座弟子部。于此第三百年中。从说一切有部。又出一部。名可住子弟子部。于此第三百年中。从可住子弟子部。又出四部。一法上部。二贤乘部。三正量弟子部。四密林住部。于此第三百年中。从说一切有部。又出一部。名正地部。于此第三百年中。从正地部。又出一部。名法护部。此部自说勿伽罗是我大师。于此第三百年中。从说一切有部。又出一部。名善岁部。亦名饮光弟子部。至第四百年中。从说一切有部。又出一部。名说度部。亦名说经部。如是上座弟子部。合分成十一部。一说一切有部。二雪山住部。三可住子弟子部。四法上部。五贤乘部。六正量弟子部。七密林住部。八正地部。九法护部。十善岁部。十一说度部此诸部是执义本。执义有异。我今当说是执义本者。大众部。一说部。出世说部。灰山住部。此四部是执义本。此诸 现代汉语译本 说部。在第二个一百年结束时,出现一位外道,名叫大天(Mahadeva)。他在大众部(Mahasanghika)中出家,独自住在山间,宣扬大众部的五种执异。他将大众部分成两部:一支提山部(Chaityaka),二北山部(Uttarapatha)。这样,大众部经过四破五破,合成了七部:一、大众部,二、一说部(Ekavyavaharika),三、出世说部(Lokottaravada),四、灰山住部(Gokulika),五、得多闻部(Bahusrutiya),六、分别说部(Vibhajyavada),七、支提山部,北山部。上座弟子部(Sthavira)住世约一千年。到了第三个一百年中,因为一些小因缘,又分成两部:一、说一切有部(Sarvastivada),也叫说因部,二、雪山住部(Haimavata),也叫上座弟子部。在这第三个一百年中,从说一切有部又分出一部,名叫可住子弟子部(Kasyapiya)。在这第三个一百年中,从可住子弟子部又分出四部:一、法上部(Dharmottariya),二、贤乘部(Bhadrayaniya),三、正量弟子部(Sammitiya),四、密林住部(Sannagarika)。在这第三个一百年中,从说一切有部又分出一部,名叫正地部(Dharmaguptaka)。在这第三个一百年中,从正地部又分出一部,名叫法护部(Dharmapala)。此部自称勿伽罗(Maudgalyayana)是他们的老师。在这第三个一百年中,从说一切有部又分出一部,名叫善岁部(Sankrantika),也叫饮光弟子部。到了第四个一百年中,从说一切有部又分出一部,名叫说度部(Sautrantika),也叫说经部。这样,上座弟子部总共分成了十一部:一、说一切有部,二、雪山住部,三、可住子弟子部,四、法上部,五、贤乘部,六、正量弟子部,七、密林住部,八、正地部,九、法护部,十、善岁部,十一、说度部。这些部派都是执义的根本,执义各有不同。我现在要说的是执义的根本:大众部、一说部、出世说部、灰山住部,这四部是执义的根本。这些
English
English version Section on Schools. At the completion of the second century, there was a heretic named Mahadeva (大天). He left home within the Mahasanghika (大众部) school and dwelt alone in the mountains, propagating the five points of difference held by the Mahasanghika. He divided his school into two: 1. the Chaityaka (支提山部), and 2. the Uttarapatha (北山部). Thus, the Mahasanghika school, after four divisions and five divisions, combined into seven schools: 1. the Mahasanghika, 2. the Ekavyavaharika (一说部), 3. the Lokottaravada (出世说部), 4. the Gokulika (灰山住部), 5. the Bahusrutiya (得多闻部), 6. the Vibhajyavada (分别说部), and 7. the Chaityaka, the Uttarapatha. The Sthavira (上座弟子部) school remained in the world for about a thousand years. In the third century, due to some minor causes, it split into two schools: 1. the Sarvastivada (说一切有部), also known as the Hetuvada (说因部), and 2. the Haimavata (雪山住部), also known as the Sthavira. In this third century, from the Sarvastivada school, another school emerged, called the Kasyapiya (可住子弟子部). In this third century, from the Kasyapiya school, four more schools emerged: 1. the Dharmottariya (法上部), 2. the Bhadrayaniya (贤乘部), 3. the Sammitiya (正量弟子部), and 4. the Sannagarika (密林住部). In this third century, from the Sarvastivada school, another school emerged, called the Dharmaguptaka (正地部). In this third century, from the Dharmaguptaka school, another school emerged, called the Dharmapala (法护部). This school claimed that Maudgalyayana (勿伽罗) was their teacher. In this third century, from the Sarvastivada school, another school emerged, called the Sankrantika (善岁部), also known as the Sautrantika (饮光弟子部). In the fourth century, from the Sarvastivada school, another school emerged, called the Sautrantika (说度部), also known as the Sutravadin (说经部). Thus, the Sthavira school was divided into eleven schools: 1. the Sarvastivada, 2. the Haimavata, 3. the Kasyapiya, 4. the Dharmottariya, 5. the Bhadrayaniya, 6. the Sammitiya, 7. the Sannagarika, 8. the Dharmaguptaka, 9. the Dharmapala, 10. the Sankrantika, and 11. the Sautrantika. These schools are the roots of different interpretations, with varying views. I will now speak of the roots of these interpretations: the Mahasanghika, the Ekavyavaharika, the Lokottaravada, and the Gokulika. These four schools are the roots of different interpretations. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
部说。一切佛世尊出世。无有如来一法而是有漏。如来所出语皆为转法轮。如来一音能说一切法。如来语无不如义。如来色身无边。如来威德势力无减。如来寿量无边。如来教化众生。令生乐信无厌足心。如来常无睡眠。如来答问无思惟。如来所出语。皆令众生生爱乐心。如来心恒在观寂静不动。如来一心能通一切境界。如来一刹那相应般若。能解一切法。如来尽智无生智。恒平等随心而行。乃至无余涅槃。一切菩萨入胎中。无有柯罗逻。頞浮陀。卑尸。伽诃那舍佉。波罗舍伽。鸡舍卢摩那佉等。菩萨欲入胎时。皆作白象相貌。菩萨出胎。皆从母右胁而生。一切菩萨无贪欲想。无瞋恚想。无逼恼他想。若菩萨有愿欲生恶道。以愿力故即得往生。菩萨为教化成就众生故入恶道。不为烦恼业系缚故受此生。一心正对观四圣谛。一智通四圣谛。及四圣谛相。五识中有染净色。无色界亦有六识聚。五根即是肉团。眼不见色。乃至身不觉触。若心在定。亦得有语折伏心恒有。相坏心恒有。是故凡夫有上下。已成就法无处所。须氀多阿半(方晏反)那。心及心法。知有自性。有阿罗汉多他以不净染污其衣。阿罗汉多有无知。有疑惑有他度。圣道亦为言所显。说苦亦是道。说苦亦是因。般若相应灭苦。苦受亦是食。第八亦久住。乃至 现代汉语译本:佛陀说:一切佛世尊出现于世间,没有如来的一种法是有遗漏的。如来说出的话语都是为了转法轮。如来的一种声音能够宣说一切法。如来说的话没有不如义的。如来的色身是无边的。如来的威德势力没有减损。如来的寿命是无边的。如来教化众生,使他们生起喜乐和信心,没有厌足之心。如来常常没有睡眠。如来回答问题不需要思惟。如来说出的话,都能使众生生起爱乐之心。如来的心恒常处于观照寂静不动的状态。如来的一心能够通达一切境界。如来一刹那与般若相应的智慧,能够理解一切法。如来的尽智(一切烦恼已尽的智慧)和无生智(不再受生的智慧),恒常平等地随心而行,直到无余涅槃(完全的涅槃)。 一切菩萨入胎时,没有柯罗逻(kalala,受胎后第一周的状态),頞浮陀(arbuda,受胎后第二周的状态),卑尸(peshi,受胎后第三周的状态),伽诃那舍佉(ghanasakha,受胎后第四周的状态),波罗舍伽(prasakha,受胎后第五周的状态),鸡舍卢摩那佉(keshalomanakha,毛发指甲等开始生长的状态)等阶段。菩萨想要入胎时,都示现白象的相貌。菩萨出胎时,都从母亲的右胁出生。一切菩萨没有贪欲的想法,没有瞋恚的想法,没有逼恼他人的想法。如果菩萨有愿望想要生于恶道,凭借愿力的缘故就能往生。菩萨为了教化成就众生而进入恶道,不是因为烦恼业力的束缚而受此生。一心正直地观照四圣谛(苦、集、灭、道)。以一种智慧通达四圣谛,以及四圣谛的相状。五识(眼识、耳识、鼻识、舌识、身识)中有染污和清净的色法。无色界也有六识聚(眼识、耳识、鼻识、舌识、身识、意识)。五根(眼根、耳根、鼻根、舌根、身根)就是肉团。眼睛不能看见色,乃至身体不能觉察触。如果心在禅定中,也可以说话。折伏心恒常存在。相坏心恒常存在。所以凡夫有上下之分。已经成就正法的人没有固定的处所。须陀洹(srotapanna,入流果),斯陀含(sakrdagamin,一来果),阿那含(anagamin,不来果)。心及心法,知道有自性。有阿罗汉(arhat,无学果)用不净之物染污他的衣服。阿罗汉有无知的时候,有疑惑的时候,有需要他人度化的时候。圣道也是通过言语来显现的。说苦也是道。说苦也是因。与般若相应的智慧可以灭除痛苦。苦受也是一种食物。第八识(阿赖耶识)也会长久存在,乃至……