English
English version: Desiring to praise the wonderful colors and adornments of the Pure Land (Jingtu). Guiding beings to be reborn there, so regardless of its essence, it exists. Question: This body's Saha world and that land (Pure Land) are both desire realms (Kamadhatu), why does the Great Sage (Buddha) encourage people to be reborn there? Answer: Although both are called desire realms, their meanings are different. The desire realm here has two meanings: one is the desire of the upper mind (upeksha), and the other is the desire of seeds (bijaka). Because it has these two meanings, there is defilement of men and women, greed for form and sound, and joy in living in the burning house of the three realms of existence (the realm of desire, the realm of form, and the formless realm). The desire realm of the Western Pure Land only has the desire of seeds and no desire of the upper mind. Since there is no desire of the upper mind, there are no previous faults, no evil mind, and no neutral mind, only a good mind. Therefore, the *She Dasheng Lun* (Mahāyānasaṃgraha) says in the eighteen perfect purities that the Pure Land only has pleasurable feelings, no painful or neutral feelings. As the *Great Dharma Drum Sutra* says, painful feelings are unwholesome, pleasurable feelings are wholesome, and neutral feelings are neutral. Since there is only a good mind, there is no place to generate evil. Therefore, the *Infinite Life Sutra* says that in the land of Amitabha (Amituofo), there is not a hair's breadth of space for creating evil. Although it is said to be a desire realm, how can it be the same? Like the desire realm, **it is also like that. Question: The Pure Land is supremely wonderful, and all things admire it. Since you want to encourage people to be reborn there, why do you have to judge that it is included in the Three Realms (Triloka)? Answer: This is the judgment of the sutra, and it has nothing to do with people. Moreover, if it is included in the Three Realms, then beings who have not cut off the delusions of the Three Realms can be reborn there. If it is beyond the Three Realms, then ordinary people and learners have no hope. It is impossible to take beings in the Three Realms, who are full of afflictions, and have them born in a reward land outside the Three Realms. Because it is in the Three Realms, rebirth is easy. Still, there is no desire of the upper mind, so there is ultimately no regression. Question: Since it is included in the Three Realms, then it should regress, why is it called non-regression? Answer: The name Three Realms is common and not just one situation. For example, the Eastern World of Wonderful Joy, has Jambudvipa (Yanfuti) and Trayastrimsa Heaven (Daolitian), with men and women, but it is called a Pure Land, is it beyond the Three Realms? Since there are women in the Three Realms, it is also a desire realm, comparable to the desire realm of the Saha world... --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
同耶。彼名净土此名秽刹也。今判但化净土。化界内众生者。并在三界中。若是报净土。化界外众生者。则出三界。由净土有三品优劣故耳。如东方妙喜世界。是下净土。杂男女故。西方极乐世界。是中净土。杂二乘故。上方众香世界。是上净土。无二乘故。此三品净土。并在欲界中。由在人天别住处故。妙喜世界有人天者。如维摩经云。从阎浮提至忉利天也。极乐世界有人天者。如无量寿经云。佛告弥勒。汝见从地已上乃至五净居天所有庄严事不也。众香世界。有人天者。如维摩经云。令诸天人得入律行也。此等既有人天别住处。当知则在欲界中也。若在色界。虽有天。则住处。当知则在欲界中也。若在色界。虽有天。则无人。由色界在上。人不能上故。若出三界外。则无人天别住处也。如净土有三品。秽土亦有三品。如经说。从此东方有一世界。名曰斯诃。土田唯有三角沙石。一年二雨。湿润不过五寸。其土众生唯食草子。树皮为衣。求生不得。求死不得。此是中秽土也。复有一世界。虎狼毒狩。乃至蛇蝎。悉能飞行。遇辄相食。不简善恶。此是下秽土也。娑婆世界。恒有诸佛出世。有发菩提心众生。地出粳粮。人有礼义。此则是上秽土也。净土虽有三品。但得生者悉皆不退。秽土亦有三品。但生之者普皆退也。 现代汉语译本 是相同的吗？彼处名为净土，此处名为秽刹（不清净的国土）。现在判断，仅仅是化现的净土，所化度的界内众生，都在三界之中。如果是报得的净土，所化度的界外众生，就超出了三界。这是由于净土有三品优劣的缘故。例如东方的妙喜世界（Akshobhya Buddha的净土），是下品净土，因为混杂有男女。西方的极乐世界（Amitabha Buddha的净土），是中品净土，因为混杂有声闻、缘觉二乘。上方的众香世界，是上品净土，没有二乘。这三种品级的净土，都在欲界之中，因为在人天各有不同的住所。妙喜世界有人天，如《维摩诘经》所说：‘从阎浮提（Jambudvipa，我们所居住的娑婆世界）到忉利天（Trayastrimsa，欲界第二天）。’极乐世界有人天，如《无量寿经》所说：‘佛告诉弥勒（Maitreya，未来佛）：你看见从地面以上乃至五净居天（Suddhavasa，色界天）所有的庄严之事了吗？’众香世界有人天，如《维摩诘经》所说：‘令诸天人得以进入戒律的修行。’这些既然有人天各自的住所，应当知道就在欲界之中。如果在**，虽然有天，则没有人类。因为**在上，人类不能上去。如果超出三界之外，就没有人天各自的住所了。如同净土有三品，秽土也有三品。如经中所说：‘从此东方有一个世界，名叫斯诃（Saha，忍土），土地只有三角沙石，一年下两次雨，湿润不超过五寸，那里的众生只吃草籽，用树皮做衣服，求生不得，求死不得。’这是中品秽土。又有一个世界，虎狼毒兽，乃至蛇蝎，都能飞行，遇到就互相吞食，不分善恶。这是下品秽土。娑婆世界（Saha World），经常有诸佛出世，有发菩提心的众生，地上长出粳米，人们有礼义，这就是上品秽土。净土虽然有三品，但凡是往生者都永不退转。秽土也有三品，但凡是生于其中的，普遍都会退转。
English
English version Are they the same? That place is called Pure Land, and this place is called Impure Land (Saha World). Now it is judged that it is only a manifested Pure Land, and the sentient beings within the realm of transformation are all within the Three Realms. If it is a reward Pure Land, the sentient beings outside the realm of transformation are beyond the Three Realms. This is because the Pure Land has three grades of superiority and inferiority. For example, the Wonderful Joy World (Akshobhya Buddha's Pure Land) in the East is a lower Pure Land because it is mixed with men and women. The Western Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss (Amitabha Buddha's Pure Land) is a middle Pure Land because it is mixed with the Two Vehicles of Sravakas and Pratyekabuddhas. The Upper Fragrant World is an upper Pure Land because there are no Two Vehicles. These three grades of Pure Land are all in the Desire Realm because humans and devas each have different residences. The Wonderful Joy World has humans and devas, as the Vimalakirti Sutra says: 'From Jambudvipa (the Saha World where we live) to Trayastrimsa Heaven (the second heaven of the Desire Realm).' The Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss has humans and devas, as the Infinite Life Sutra says: 'The Buddha told Maitreya (the future Buddha): Have you seen all the magnificent things from the ground up to the Five Pure Abodes (Suddhavasa, heavens of the Form Realm)?' The Fragrant World has humans and devas, as the Vimalakirti Sutra says: 'Enabling all devas and humans to enter the practice of precepts.' Since these have separate residences for humans and devas, it should be known that they are in the Desire Realm. If it is in **, although there are devas, there are no humans. Because ** is above, humans cannot go up. If it is beyond the Three Realms, there are no separate residences for humans and devas. Just as the Pure Land has three grades, the Impure Land also has three grades. As the sutra says: 'From here to the East, there is a world called Saha (Endurance), the land is only triangular sand and stone, it rains twice a year, and the humidity does not exceed five inches. The sentient beings there only eat grass seeds and wear tree bark as clothing, unable to seek life and unable to seek death.' This is a middle Impure Land. There is also a world where tigers, wolves, poisonous beasts, and even snakes and scorpions can all fly, and they devour each other when they meet, without distinguishing between good and evil. This is a lower Impure Land. In the Saha World, Buddhas often appear in the world, there are sentient beings who have aroused the Bodhi mind, glutinous rice grows on the ground, and people have etiquette. This is an upper Impure Land. Although the Pure Land has three grades, all those who are born there never regress. The Impure Land also has three grades, but all those who are born in it universally regress. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
又西方净土。有四因缘。唯进不退。一由长命故不退。如经言。寿命无量阿僧祇劫故。直然三大僧祇修道。则得成佛。况复无量僧祇也。秽土由短命故退也。二者有诸佛菩萨。为善知识故不退。如经云。得与如是诸上善人俱会一处故。秽土由多恶知识故退也。三者无有女人。六根境界。并是进道缘。故不退。如无量寿经云。眼见色即发菩提心。乃至意缘法亦发菩提心也。秽土由有女人。六根境界。普是退道缘故退也。四者唯有善心故不退。如经云。无毛发许造恶之地。秽土由有恶心无记心故退也。 二明不摄者。若是初地已上菩萨。及罗汉辟支无学人生者。此即不摄。由已断正使。出三界故也。如大智度论云。有妙净土。出过三界。诸阿罗汉。当生其中也。论中既云罗汉。不论学人。故知。学人生者在三界内也。 第二定往生人(何位人得往生) 问曰。已知。土体通于报化。未知何位人得往生。 答曰。今依经论。乃以佛意。但依经论修行者。不问凡圣男女。乃至十恶五逆。临命终时。正念现前。心不乱者。并得往生。唯除谤大乘者不得往生。此依观经。若依无量寿经。并除五逆人。 问曰。此之二经。俱是一佛所说。何故大经除二。观经除一也。 答曰。先制后开。是诸佛 现代汉语译本 此外，西方净土有四种因缘，使其只有进步而没有退转。第一，因为寿命长久所以不退转。如经文所说：‘寿命无量阿僧祇劫’，因此只需三大阿僧祇劫修道，便可成佛，更何况是无量阿僧祇劫呢？而秽土因为寿命短促所以会退转。第二，有诸佛菩萨作为善知识，所以不退转。如经文所说：‘得与如是诸上善人俱会一处’。而秽土因为有很多恶知识所以会退转。第三，没有女人，六根所接触的境界都是增进修道的因缘，所以不退转。如《无量寿经》所说：‘眼见色即发菩提心，乃至意缘法亦发菩提心’。而秽土因为有女人，六根所接触的境界，普遍都是退道的因缘，所以会退转。第四，只有善心，所以不退转。如经文所说：‘没有丝毫造恶的地方’。而秽土因为有恶心和无记心，所以会退转。 第二点说明不被摄受的情况。如果是初地以上的菩萨，以及阿罗汉、辟支佛等无学之人往生，这些人就不被（净土）所摄受，因为他们已经断除了见思惑，超出了三界。如《大智度论》所说：‘有妙净土，超出三界，诸阿罗汉，当生其中’。《论》中既然说了阿罗汉，没有说学人，所以可知，学人往生还在三界之内。 第二部分，确定往生之人（什么位阶的人可以往生） 问：已经知道（净土）本体通于报身佛和化身佛，但不知道什么位阶的人可以往生？ 答：现在依据经论，以及佛的本意，只要依据经论修行的人，不论凡夫、圣人、男人、女人，乃至犯了十恶、五逆重罪的人，临命终时，正念现前，心不散乱，都可以往生。唯独诽谤大乘佛法的人不得往生。这是依据《观经》所说。如果依据《无量寿经》，则连犯五逆重罪的人也排除在外。 问：这两部经，都是同一位佛所说，为什么《大经》（指《无量寿经》）排除两种人，《观经》排除一种人呢？ 答：这是先制定规则，后又开许放宽，是诸佛（的权巧方便）。