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t45n1855 three treatise wandering meaning.g2.0f

Chinese

。若是三论名别通论。若是释论名通别论也。三论名别通论者。三论通申佛一切教。通破一切迷错。所以中论十二门论。破内人一切迷。申佛一切教。百论破外人迷。亦申佛一切教故。论二十七品横竖破一切法。始破因缘终破邪见。二十七条生死涅槃凡圣释惑无不洗破也。竖破者。从因缘讫邪见五句皆除故。有二破无二破。有乃至非有非无非非有非非无皆悉破也。众病既息。佛大小假名方便二教自然得开。是故别通论也。若是释论意。乃通申众教。通破众迷。而文的释般若一部。故是通别论。就释论中开有四句。一者破而不收。二收而不破。三者亦收亦破。四非收非破也。破而不收者。如迦旃延子及诸论义师。自恃聪明作佛法。谓非但不谓非但不谓大乘中意。亦失三藏之旨。是故论主意但破不收也。收而不破者。则是佛假名方便大小教门故。但收取而不破之。三亦收亦破者。为缘迷佛大小教。今但破迷以所秤破收取佛教。所以名收。四非收非破者。明诸法本性清净故。实无所破亦无收也。若是三论。但破众迷而收取佛教故。异大论也。问三论曲破不收。释论亦收亦破。岂非取舍之必。答三论虽破实无所破。释论虽收而无所收也。   次就三论自明异者。略开十条。一者三论立名有理教不同。二明三论有谛智不同。 现代汉语译本:如果说是三论,那么它的名称是‘别通论’。如果说是解释经文的论著,那么它的名称是‘通别论’。三论的名称是‘别通论’,意思是三论普遍地阐述佛陀的一切教义,普遍地破除一切迷惑和错误。所以,《中论》(Madhyamaka-karika)和《十二门论》(Dvadasanikaya-sastra)破斥内道之人的一切迷惑,阐述佛陀的一切教义。《百论》(Sata-sastra)破斥外道之人的迷惑,也阐述佛陀的一切教义。论著的二十七品横向和纵向地破斥一切法,开始破斥因缘,最终破斥邪见。二十七条内容涵盖生死、涅槃、凡夫、圣人,解释疑惑,没有不被洗涤破除的。纵向破斥是指从因缘到邪见这五句都予以破除。有二破和无二破,有乃至非有非无、非非有非非无,都全部破斥。各种病症既然止息,佛陀的大小乘、假名、方便等二种教义自然得以显现。所以说是‘别通论’。如果是解释经文的论著,那么它的意思是普遍地阐述各种教义,普遍地破除各种迷惑,而文句明确地解释《般若经》(Prajna-paramita sutra)的一部分,所以是‘通别论’。就解释经文的论著来说,可以开出四句:第一种是破而不收,第二种是收而不破,第三种是亦收亦破,第四种是非收非破。破而不收是指像迦旃延子(Katyayaniputra)以及其他论义师,自恃聪明而作佛法,认为不仅不理解大乘的深意,也失去了三藏(Tripitaka)的宗旨。所以论主的意图只是破斥而不收纳。收而不破是指佛陀的假名、方便、大小乘教门,只是收取而不破斥。亦收亦破是指因为迷惑佛陀的大小乘教义,现在只是破除迷惑,用所依据的尺度破除并收取佛教。所以称为‘收’。非收非破是指说明诸法本性清净,实际上没有什么是需要破斥的,也没有什么是需要收取的。如果是三论,只是破除各种迷惑而收取佛教,所以与大论不同。问:三论偏重于破斥而不收取,解释经文的论著既收取也破斥,难道不是有取有舍吗?答:三论虽然破斥,实际上没有什么可破斥的;解释经文的论著虽然收取,实际上没有什么可收取的。 接下来就三论自身来阐明不同之处,大致可以分为十条:第一,三论的立名在理和教义上有所不同;第二,阐明三论在真谛和智慧上有所不同。

English

English version: If it is the Three Treatises, then its name is 'Distinctly Universal Treatise'. If it is a commentary, then its name is 'Universally Distinct Treatise'. The name of the Three Treatises is 'Distinctly Universal Treatise', meaning that the Three Treatises universally expound all the Buddha's teachings and universally refute all delusions and errors. Therefore, the *Madhyamaka-karika* (Treatise on the Middle Way) and the *Dvadasanikaya-sastra* (Twelve Gate Treatise) refute all the delusions of those within the Buddhist path and expound all the Buddha's teachings. The *Sata-sastra* (Hundred Treatise) refutes the delusions of those outside the Buddhist path and also expounds all the Buddha's teachings. The twenty-seven chapters of the treatise horizontally and vertically refute all dharmas, beginning with the refutation of dependent origination (Pratītyasamutpāda) and ending with the refutation of wrong views. The twenty-seven topics cover birth and death, Nirvana, ordinary beings, sages, and explain doubts, with nothing not being washed away and refuted. Vertical refutation refers to the elimination of the five phrases from dependent origination to wrong views. There is two-fold refutation and non-two-fold refutation; 'is', 'is not', 'neither is nor is not', 'neither neither is nor is not' are all refuted. Since all diseases are stopped, the Buddha's teachings of the Great and Small Vehicles, provisional names, and expedient means naturally appear. Therefore, it is called 'Distinctly Universal Treatise'. If it is a commentary, then its meaning is to universally expound various teachings and universally refute various delusions, while the sentences clearly explain a part of the *Prajna-paramita sutra* (Perfection of Wisdom Sutra), so it is a 'Universally Distinct Treatise'. Regarding commentaries, four phrases can be opened: the first is to refute without gathering, the second is to gather without refuting, the third is to both gather and refute, and the fourth is to neither gather nor refute. To refute without gathering refers to Katyayaniputra and other treatise masters who rely on their own intelligence to create Buddhist teachings, thinking that they not only do not understand the profound meaning of the Mahayana (Great Vehicle), but also lose the essence of the Tripitaka (Three Baskets). Therefore, the intention of the treatise master is only to refute and not to gather. To gather without refuting refers to the Buddha's provisional names, expedient means, and teachings of the Great and Small Vehicles, only gathering them without refuting them. To both gather and refute refers to being deluded about the Buddha's teachings of the Great and Small Vehicles, now only refuting the delusions, using the measure to refute and gather the Buddhist teachings. Therefore, it is called 'gathering'. To neither gather nor refute refers to explaining that the inherent nature of all dharmas is pure, and in reality, there is nothing to be refuted and nothing to be gathered. If it is the Three Treatises, it only refutes various delusions and gathers the Buddhist teachings, so it is different from the great treatises. Question: The Three Treatises focus on refuting without gathering, while the commentaries both gather and refute. Isn't this a matter of taking and discarding? Answer: Although the Three Treatises refute, in reality, there is nothing to be refuted; although the commentaries gather, in reality, there is nothing to be gathered. Next, regarding the Three Treatises themselves, to clarify the differences, roughly ten points can be opened: First, the establishment of the names of the Three Treatises differs in principle and doctrine; second, it clarifies that the Three Treatises differ in truth and wisdom. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chinese

三明三论辨谛有于教不同。四明三论辨智有长短不同。五明三论破缘有内外不同。六明三论申破有傍正不同。七明三论用假有就对不同。八明三论有对缘不对缘不同。九明三论所对之缘悟有深浅不同。第十三论师弟出世久近不同也。   第一名立不同者。小乘诸论凡有三从。一者从人立名。如舍利弗毗昙是也。二者从法受名。如成实等也。三者从譬受名。如甘露毗昙及日出论也。今此四论。受名有通别。所言通者。四论并破断常。皆明中道实。是故四论通得称中。又四论并为开道令众生反迷悟入。是故四论皆得称秤门。四论皆有偈数。是故四论并秤曰百论。四论皆释佛意。是故四论通名释四论也。通而致别即有四意。若是中论从理实为名。若是十二门从言教受秤。若是百论从偈数立名也。问中论何故从理实立名。若从理实立名而秤中者。何故不从理实立宗以中为宗。答宗是二谛为申佛教。名是理实欲明二谛所表故。二谛所表不二之理。名之为中。故名理实宗。是二谛此即教理具足。所以宗名互辨也。十二门论从教立名者。明行人籍言教并得入道。此教能开通道。使行人悟入。是故从言教立名也。是故中论从理实为名。十二门从教为秤。此即教理因缘能所义也。百论所以从偈数为名者。大师举喻云。如百健将能破怨 现代汉语译本 三明(指宿命明、天眼明、漏尽明)三论在辨析真谛方面,依据的教义有所不同。 四明(指宿命明、天眼明、漏尽明、慧明)三论在辨别智慧方面,各有长处和短处。 五明(指声明、工巧明、医方明、因明、内明)三论在破斥因缘方面,有内外之分。 六明(指声明、工巧明、医方明、因明、内明、世间明)三论在阐述和破斥方面,有傍敲侧击和正面论述的区别。 七明(指声明、工巧明、医方明、因明、内明、世间明、出世间明)三论在运用假有概念时,采取的对应方式不同。 八明(指声明、工巧明、医方明、因明、内明、世间明、出世间明、秘密明)三论在对待因缘时,有的针对因缘,有的不针对因缘。 九明(指声明、工巧明、医方明、因明、内明、世间明、出世间明、秘密明、大乘明)三论所针对的因缘,在领悟的深度上有所不同。 第十三点是论师和弟子出世的时间有早有晚。 第一点,名称的设立不同。小乘的各种论典,大致有三种命名方式。第一种是根据人名来命名,比如《舍利弗毗昙》(Śāriputrābhidharma)就是这样。第二种是根据法来命名,比如《成实论》(Satyasiddhi Śāstra)等。第三种是根据比喻来命名,比如《甘露毗昙》(Amrita Abhidharma)和《日出论》(Sūryodayā Śāstra)。 现在这四部论典(中论、十二门论、百论、释论),在命名上有共通之处和区别之处。所谓共通之处,是说这四部论典都破斥断见和常见,都阐明中道实相,因此都可以称为‘中’。而且,这四部论典都是为了开辟道路,使众生从迷惑中醒悟而进入真理,因此都可以称为‘秤门’。这四部论典都有偈颂的数量,因此都可以合起来称为‘百论’。这四部论典都是解释佛陀的意旨,因此都可以统称为‘释论’。 在共通之中又有区别,这体现在四个方面。如果是《中论》(Mūlamadhyamakakārikā),是从理体的真实性来命名的。如果是《十二门论》(Dvādaśanikāya Śāstra),是从言教来命名的。如果是《百论》(Śata Śāstra),是从偈颂的数量来命名的。 有人问:为什么《中论》要从理体的真实性来命名?如果从理体的真实性来命名而称为‘中’,为什么不从理体的真实性来确立宗义,以‘中’作为宗义呢? 回答说:宗义是二谛(世俗谛和胜义谛),用来阐述佛教的教义。名称是理体的真实性,想要阐明二谛所要表达的内容。二谛所要表达的不二之理,就叫做‘中’。所以名称是理体的真实性,而宗义是二谛,这就是教义和理体的完备。因此名称和宗义可以互相区分。 《十二门论》从言教来命名,是说明修行人凭借言教就能进入真理。这种言教能够开辟道路,使修行人觉悟而进入真理,因此是从言教来命名的。所以《中论》是从理体的真实性来命名,《十二门论》是从言教来命名,这就是教义、理体、因缘、能诠和所诠的意义。 《百论》之所以从偈颂的数量来命名,是因为大师(龙树 Nāgārjuna)举例说,就像一百个健壮的将士能够摧毁怨敌一样。