Chinese
慈愍故制犯也。别具四缘。一见三宝等在危。二生知见想。三无慈愍心。四不救赎便犯。就文为三。初标名约时列危难事。言父母者诸佛菩萨能生法身。故彼形像即父母形像。而菩萨下制作成持。三若不下违制结犯并如文。 第三十二畜造非灭戒。菩萨畜造须合轨仪内有仁慈外无侵害。今反畜造非法之物贩卖与人。自他增过故制犯也。别具四缘。一是非法物。二恃势。三恶心。四故畜贩卖便犯。就文为二。初标名列不应之事。次若故下违制结犯。初有六。一贩卖杀具。二畜轻秤小斗。三因势取财。四害心系缚人畜。五破坏成功。六长养猫狗。此之六物并能损害故制畜用。财物入手属前盗戒。今从不应故结轻垢。结犯如文。 三十三观听恶作戒。菩萨理应静处思微执持圣典。今反观听非法身行恶作乖法招讥故制犯也。别具三缘。一有所对事。二恶心视听。三见闻便犯。就文为三。初标能犯之心。二观一切下举过防禁。三若故下违制结犯。初言恶心者不为和解庆快无明名恶心也。次文多意。初观斗者斗谓斗打俱通身口。军阵兵将即王者军劫贼等。斗即贼等军。若自若教若试若戏并不得观故云等也。亦不得下止听音乐。若他为供养顺世观听无染不犯。不得下止杂戏也。樗蒲四数围棋可知。波罗塞戏者西国兵戏。 现代汉语译本 因缺乏慈悲心而违反戒律。需要具备四个条件：一，看到三宝（佛、法、僧）等处于危难之中；二，产生认知和想法；三，没有慈悲怜悯之心；四，不进行救助赎回，便构成违犯。就经文而言，分为三部分。首先是标明名称，约定时间和列举危难之事。经文中的‘父母’指的是诸佛菩萨能够产生法身（Dharmakaya），因此他们的形像就是父母的形像。而菩萨以下的行为，制作完成并持有。三，如果不这样做，就违反了戒律，构成违犯，情况如同经文所述。 第三十二，关于畜养制造非正当物品的戒律。菩萨畜养制造物品应当符合规范，内心怀有仁慈，外在没有侵害。现在反而畜养制造非法的物品，贩卖给他人，使自己和他人增加过错，因此制定此戒律。需要具备四个条件：一，是非法物品；二，依仗权势；三，心怀恶意；四，故意畜养贩卖，便构成违犯。就经文而言，分为两部分。首先是标明名称，列举不应该做的事情。其次是‘若故下’，说明违反戒律构成违犯。首先有六种情况：一，贩卖杀生工具；二，使用缺斤少两的秤和小斗；三，凭借权势获取钱财；四，怀着害人之心捆绑人和牲畜；五，破坏已经成功的事务；六，长期饲养猫狗。这六种物品都可能造成损害，因此禁止畜养使用。财物入手属于之前的盗戒。现在因为不应该做而构成轻垢罪。构成违犯的情况如同经文所述。 第三十三，关于观看和听闻不良行为的戒律。菩萨理应在安静的地方思考微妙的道理，执持神圣的经典。现在反而观看和听闻非法的身行恶作，违背佛法，招致讥讽，因此制定此戒律。需要具备三个条件：一，有所针对的事情；二，怀着恶意观看听闻；三，看到或听到便构成违犯。就经文而言，分为三部分。首先是标明能够犯戒的心态。其次是‘观一切下’，列举过失，防止违禁行为。第三是‘若故下’，说明违反戒律构成违犯。首先说‘恶心’，不是为了和解，庆贺，而是因为无明（ignorance）而产生的心态，就叫做恶心。其次，经文包含多种含义。首先是观看争斗，这里的‘斗’指的是争斗打架，包括身体和语言上的冲突。‘军阵兵将’指的是国王的军队，‘劫贼’指的是强盗等。‘斗’就是指强盗等的争斗。无论是自己观看，教唆他人观看，还是试验性地观看，或是开玩笑地观看，都不可以，所以说‘等’。‘亦不得下’，禁止听音乐。如果是他人为了供养，顺应世俗而观看听闻，没有染着，就不构成违犯。‘不得下’，禁止各种杂戏。‘樗蒲四数围棋’是大家都知道的。‘波罗塞戏’是西方的兵戏。
English
English version Transgressions arise from a lack of compassion. Four conditions must be met: first, seeing the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha) in danger; second, generating cognition and thoughts; third, lacking compassion; fourth, failing to rescue or redeem, thus constituting a transgression. In terms of the text, it is divided into three parts. First, it names, specifies the time, and lists the dangerous events. The 'parents' in the text refer to the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas who can generate the Dharmakaya (Dharma body), so their images are the images of parents. And the actions below the Bodhisattva, making complete and holding. Three, if you do not do so, you violate the precepts and constitute a violation, as stated in the text. Thirty-second, the precept regarding hoarding and manufacturing improper items. Bodhisattvas should hoard and manufacture items in accordance with norms, with kindness in their hearts and no harm outwardly. Now, instead, they hoard and manufacture illegal items, selling them to others, increasing faults for themselves and others, hence this precept is established. Four conditions must be met: first, the item is illegal; second, relying on power; third, having malicious intent; fourth, intentionally hoarding and selling, thus constituting a transgression. In terms of the text, it is divided into two parts. First, it names and lists things that should not be done. Second, 'if intentionally,' explains that violating the precepts constitutes a transgression. First, there are six situations: first, selling tools for killing; second, using deficient scales and small measures; third, seizing wealth by force; fourth, binding people and livestock with harmful intent; fifth, destroying successful endeavors; sixth, raising cats and dogs for a long time. These six items can cause harm, so hoarding and using them is prohibited. Obtaining wealth falls under the previous precept against theft. Now, it constitutes a minor offense because it should not be done. The circumstances constituting a violation are as stated in the text. Thirty-third, the precept regarding watching and listening to evil deeds. Bodhisattvas should contemplate subtle principles in quiet places and uphold sacred scriptures. Now, instead, they watch and listen to illegal bodily actions and evil deeds, violating the Dharma and inviting ridicule, hence this precept is established. Three conditions must be met: first, there is a specific event; second, watching and listening with malicious intent; third, seeing or hearing constitutes a transgression. In terms of the text, it is divided into three parts. First, it identifies the state of mind that can violate the precept. Second, 'watching everything below,' lists faults and prevents prohibited behavior. Third, 'if intentionally,' explains that violating the precepts constitutes a transgression. First, 'malicious intent' is not for reconciliation or celebration, but a state of mind arising from ignorance, called malicious intent. Second, the text contains multiple meanings. First, watching fights, where 'fight' refers to fighting and brawling, including physical and verbal conflicts. 'Military formations and generals' refer to the king's army, and 'robbers' refer to bandits, etc. 'Fight' refers to the fighting of robbers, etc. Whether watching oneself, inciting others to watch, watching experimentally, or watching jokingly, it is not allowed, hence 'etc.' 'Also not allowed below,' prohibits listening to music. If others watch and listen for the sake of offering, in accordance with worldly customs, without attachment, it does not constitute a transgression. 'Not allowed below,' prohibits various miscellaneous plays. 'Chupu four numbers Go' are all known. 'Parasa play' is a Western military play. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
二人各使二十玉象。此方亦有画板为道。以牙为子诤得要路即为胜也。弹棋者以指弹棋子得远为胜。六博者只双六也。拍毬者趯(他历反跳貌也)。毬打毬也。亦云拍毬其义一也掷石者时云掷石者时云掷扡(堕和反)。投壶者投钱杖等于彼孔中入者为筹。牵道者时云围直。二人相对各十二子。直三则败故名牵道。八道行成者八道交络行当如城也。爪镜等者止邪术也。西国术师以药涂爪中现吉凶也。芝草等者此等三事以咒咒之知吉凶故。髑髅者西国外道打人头骨决知死生因缘等。此方亦有事髑髅神说世休否。卜筮者决疑也。并是邪术诳惑人心世世染习无益自他故制犯也。盗贼使命者为贼所使助成盗事。从助缘边故结轻垢。若成盗业理在重收。三违制结犯如文。 三十四系念小乘戒。菩萨之心四弘无间。是非污杂大道难期故制犯也。别具三缘。一不勤护大。二缘念小宗。三舍大忻小一念便犯。就文为二。初标名立制。次若起下违制结犯。初言护持等者护即守护持谓念持。持有二种由止恶故戒体无缺名为止持。顺教而修令戒光洁名为作持。二持名戒皆由护成。故三业俱运名护持禁戒。故约四仪制身心。六时读诵以禁口。法雨外资心缘理性。坚固难动故喻金刚。大小等持如浮囊也。涅槃经云。譬如有人带持浮囊欲度大海 现代汉语译本 二人各自使用二十个玉象（用玉制成的大象）。此地也有画板作为棋盘，用象牙做棋子，争夺要道就算获胜。弹棋是指用手指弹棋子，弹得远就算获胜。六博就是双陆棋。拍毬是指踢球（指跳跃的样子）。打毬也是打球。也可以说拍毬，意思一样。掷石是指有时说的掷扡（投掷）。投壶是指将钱或杖投向孔中，投入者计数。牵道是指有时说的围直，两人相对各有十二个棋子，连成三条直线就算失败，所以叫做牵道。八道行成是指八条道路交错，行走时像在城中一样。爪镜等是指禁止邪术。西方的术士用药涂在指甲中，显现吉凶。芝草等是指用咒语来占卜这些东西，从而知道吉凶。髑髅是指西方的外道敲打人的头骨，以此来判断人的生死因缘等。此地也有供奉髑髅神，以此来说世事的休咎。卜筮是指决断疑惑。这些都是邪术，用来诳骗迷惑人心，世世代代染习，对人对己都没有好处，所以禁止触犯。盗贼使命是指被盗贼所指使，帮助促成盗窃之事。因为是从帮助的边缘，所以结轻垢罪。如果促成了盗窃，按道理应该判重罪。以上三种违背戒律的情况，按照条文来判决。 三十四、系念小乘戒。具有菩萨之心，四弘誓愿没有间断。如果心有是非污浊，就难以达到大道，所以禁止触犯。另外具备三种因缘：一是不勤奋守护大乘戒，二是缘念小乘的宗旨，三是舍弃大乘而欣喜小乘，只要一念之间就会犯戒。就条文来说分为两部分：首先是标明名称，制定戒律；其次是从‘若起’开始，违背戒律就会犯戒。首先说‘护持’等，护就是守护，持就是念持。持有两种，因为停止作恶，所以戒体没有缺失，叫做止持；顺从教导而修行，使戒律光明洁净，叫做作持。两种持戒都由守护而成，所以身口意三业都运作，叫做护持禁戒。所以用四威仪来约束身心，用六时读诵来约束口，用佛法甘露来资养内心，心缘于理性，坚固难以动摇，所以比喻为金刚。大小乘平等对待，就像浮囊一样。《涅槃经》说：‘譬如有人带着浮囊想要渡过大海’。
English
English version Two people each use twenty jade elephants (elephants made of jade). Here, there are also drawing boards used as chessboards, with ivory as chess pieces, and winning the key path is considered victory. Flicking chess refers to flicking chess pieces with fingers, and the one that flicks the farthest wins. Liubo is just Shuanglu chess. Pāi qiú refers to kicking a ball (referring to the appearance of jumping). Dǎ qiú is also playing ball. It can also be said that pāi qiú has the same meaning. Zhì shí refers to sometimes saying zhì tuō (throwing). Tóu hú refers to throwing money or sticks into the holes, and those who get them in are counted. Qiān dào refers to sometimes saying wéi zhí, two people face each other with twelve pieces each, and connecting three straight lines is considered a failure, so it is called qiān dào. Bā dào xíng chéng refers to eight roads intersecting, and walking is like being in a city. Zhuǎ jìng, etc., refers to prohibiting evil arts. Western magicians apply medicine to their nails to reveal good and bad luck. Zhī cǎo, etc., refers to using spells to divine these things, so as to know good and bad luck. Dú lóu refers to Western heretics knocking on people's skulls to determine people's life and death causes, etc. Here, there are also offerings to the skull god to talk about the good and bad of world affairs. Bǔ shì refers to resolving doubts. These are all evil arts used to deceive and confuse people's hearts, and they are practiced from generation to generation, which is not good for oneself or others, so it is forbidden to violate them. Dào zéi shǐ mìng refers to being instructed by thieves to help facilitate theft. Because it is from the edge of helping, it incurs a minor offense. If theft is facilitated, it should be severely punished according to reason. The above three violations of precepts are judged according to the articles. Thirty-four: Focusing on the Hinayana precepts. Having the heart of a Bodhisattva, the Four Great Vows are uninterrupted. If the mind has right and wrong, impurity, it is difficult to achieve the Great Path, so it is forbidden to violate it. In addition, there are three conditions: one is not diligently guarding the Mahayana precepts, the second is focusing on the tenets of the Hinayana, and the third is abandoning the Mahayana and rejoicing in the Hinayana. As long as there is a single thought, one will violate the precepts. In terms of the articles, it is divided into two parts: first, the name is marked and the precepts are formulated; second, starting from 'ruò qǐ', violating the precepts will violate the precepts. First, it says 'protect and maintain', etc., hù is to protect, and chí is to remember and maintain. There are two types of maintenance. Because stopping evil, the precept body is not missing, it is called zhǐ chí; following the teachings and practicing, making the precepts bright and clean, it is called zuò chí. Both types of upholding precepts are formed by protection, so the three karmas of body, speech, and mind all operate, which is called protecting and maintaining the precepts. Therefore, the four dignities are used to restrain the body and mind, the six periods of recitation are used to restrain the mouth, and the Dharma nectar is used to nourish the heart. The mind is connected to rationality, firm and difficult to shake, so it is likened to Vajra (diamond). Treating the Mahayana and Hinayana equally is like a floating bag. The *Nirvana Sutra* says: 'For example, a person wants to cross the sea with a floating bag'. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------