English
English version: The occasion, place, and assembly: 1. The time and place of the assembly; 2. Introducing the assembly who heard the teachings together. Now, let's begin with the first part. 'Thus have I heard. At one time, the Buddha was in the Jeta Grove (Jetavana) at Anathapindika's Park (Anathapindikarama) in the country of Shravasti (Sravasti).' 'Thus' indicates faith and compliance, 'I heard' indicates the lineage of the teacher, 'At one time' indicates the opportunity and response, 'Buddha' indicates the teaching master, and 'Jeta Grove at Anathapindika's Park in the country of Shravasti' indicates the place where the sutra was spoken. 'Thus' refers to the wonderful principle of reality, which remains unchanged from ancient times to the present, hence it is called 'Thus'. Based on the concept of reality, the Buddha seeks rebirth in the Pure Land, and there is definitely no falsehood, hence it is called 'So'. 'I heard' is said by Ananda (Ananda), who understood the principle of reality, neither 'I' nor 'non-I', without destroying the provisional name, so it is still called 'I'. The ear faculty emits ear consciousness, personally listening to the perfect sound, like emptiness imprinting emptiness, hence it is called 'heard'. 'At one time', time has no substance, especially because the teacher and disciples are in harmony with the Tao, and finally complete an assembly, the teaching and listening are complete and sufficient, so it is called 'At one time'. 'Buddha' is the self-aware, the one who makes others aware, and the one whose awareness and practice are complete, the teacher of humans and gods, hence it is called 'Buddha'. 'Shravasti', here translated as 'hearing things', is the name of a large country in central India, ruled by King Prasenajit (Prasenajit). 'Jeta Grove at Anathapindika's Park', the prince of King Prasenajit is named Jeta (Jeta), here translated as 'victorious'. A minister of King Prasenajit named Elder Sudatta (Sudatta), here translated as 'giver to the orphans and solitary', Elder Anathapindika bought the garden with gold, offering it to the Buddha and the Sangha, with a little land remaining unpaved with gold. Prince Jeta was moved and sighed, no longer charging for the land, and donated this small piece of land as well, so both names are preserved. Second, listing the assembly who heard the teachings together. Divided into three parts: 1. The Shravaka (Sravaka) assembly; 2. The Bodhisattva assembly; 3. The Deva (Deva) and human assembly. The Shravaka assembly is listed first, firstly because they are transcendent figures; secondly because they often follow the Buddha; thirdly because the Dharma relies on the Sangha to be transmitted. The Bodhisattva assembly is in the middle, firstly because their forms are not fixed; secondly because they do not always follow the Buddha; thirdly to represent the meaning of the Middle Way. The Deva and human assembly is listed last, firstly because they are worldly figures; secondly because ordinary people and sages are mixed; thirdly to explain that the principle of external protection and attendance should be like this. The Shravaka assembly is further divided into three parts: 1. Explaining the category and number; 2. Expressing the position and praising the merits; 3. Listing the names of the leaders. Now, let's begin with the first part. 'With great Bhikshus (Bhiksu), a community of twelve hundred and fifty.' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
与者，共义。大比丘者，受具足戒出家人也。比丘是梵语，含三义故不翻：一、乞士义，谓一钵资身无所蓄藏专求出要；二、破恶义，谓正慧观察破烦恼恶不堕爱见；三、怖魔义，谓发心受戒羯磨成就魔即怖也。僧者，具云僧伽，此翻和合众，理和则同证无为解脱。事和则有六种：所谓身和同住、口和无诤、意和同悦、见和同解、戒和同修、利和同均也。千二百五十人者，三迦叶波兄弟师资共千人；舍利弗、目犍连师资二百人；耶舍长者子等五十人，皆佛成道未久先得度脱，感佛深恩故为常随众也。 二、表位叹德。 “皆是大阿罗汉众所知识。” 大阿罗汉是表位，众所知识是叹德。阿罗汉含三义：一、应供义即乞士果；二、杀贼义即破恶果；三、无生义即怖魔果。复有慧解脱、俱解脱、无疑解脱三种不同，今是无疑解脱故名大也。又实是法身大士，示作声闻证此净土不思议法，故名大也。从佛转轮广利人天，故为众所知识。 三、列上首名。 “长老舍利弗、摩诃目犍连、摩诃迦叶、摩诃迦旃延、摩诃拘絺罗、离婆多、周利槃陀、伽难陀、阿难陀、罗睺罗、憍梵波提、宾头卢颇罗堕、迦留陀夷摩诃劫宾那、薄拘罗、阿㝹楼驮。” 如是等诸大弟子，德腊俱尊故名长 现代汉语译本 ‘与者’，是共同的意思。‘大比丘’，是指受过具足戒的出家人。‘比丘’是梵语，因为包含三种含义所以不翻译：一、乞士义，指用一个钵来维持生活，没有其他储藏，专心寻求脱离轮回的方法；二、破恶义，指用正确的智慧观察，破除烦恼和恶念，不堕入爱欲和偏见；三、怖魔义，指发心受戒，羯磨（karma）成就，魔就会感到恐惧。‘僧’，具足的说法是‘僧伽’(Sangha)，这里翻译为‘和合众’，在理上和合就能一同证得无为解脱。在事上和合则有六种：即身和同住、口和无诤、意和同悦、见和同解、戒和同修、利和同均。 ‘千二百五十人’，是指三迦叶波(Kasyapa)兄弟及其师徒共一千人；舍利弗(Sariputra)、目犍连(Maudgalyayana)师徒二百人；耶舍(Yasa)长者子等五十人，他们都是佛陀成道后不久先被度脱的，感念佛陀的深恩，所以作为常随众。 二、表彰地位，赞叹德行。 ‘皆是大阿罗汉众所知识。’ ‘大阿罗汉’是表彰地位，‘众所知识’是赞叹德行。‘阿罗汉’包含三种含义：一、应供义，即乞士的果位；二、杀贼义，即破除恶念的果位；三、无生义，即使魔恐惧的果位。又有慧解脱、俱解脱、无疑解脱三种不同，这里是无疑解脱，所以称为‘大’。而且实际上是法身大士，示现为声闻，证得这净土不可思议的法，所以称为‘大’。从佛陀转法轮，广泛利益人天，所以被大众所熟知。 三、列出上首弟子的名字。 ‘长老舍利弗(Sariputra)、摩诃目犍连(Maha Maudgalyayana)、摩诃迦叶(Maha Kasyapa)、摩诃迦旃延(Maha Katyayana)、摩诃拘絺罗(Maha Kusthila)、离婆多(Revata)、周利槃陀(Cūlapanthaka)、伽难陀(Nanda)、阿难陀(Ananda)、罗睺罗(Rahula)、憍梵波提(Gavampati)、宾头卢颇罗堕(Pindola Bharadvaja)、迦留陀夷(Kalodayin)、摩诃劫宾那(Maha Kappina)、薄拘罗(Bakula)、阿㝹楼驮(Aniruddha)。’ 像这样的大弟子们，德行和僧腊都尊贵，所以称为‘长’。
English
English version 'Yu Zhe' means 'together'. 'Great Bhikshus' refers to ordained monks who have received the full precepts. 'Bhikshu' is a Sanskrit term that is not translated because it contains three meanings: 1. 'Beggar', meaning relying on a single bowl for sustenance, having no possessions, and focusing solely on seeking liberation; 2. 'Destroyer of Evil', meaning using correct wisdom to observe and destroy afflictions and evil thoughts, not falling into desire and prejudice; 3. 'Terror of Demons', meaning that when one resolves to take precepts and karma (羯磨) is accomplished, demons will be terrified. 'Sangha', the full term is 'Sangha', translated here as 'harmonious assembly', where harmony in principle leads to the joint attainment of non-action and liberation. Harmony in practice has six aspects: namely, physical harmony in dwelling together, verbal harmony without disputes, mental harmony in shared joy, doctrinal harmony in shared understanding, preceptual harmony in shared practice, and benefit harmony in equal distribution. 'One thousand two hundred and fifty people' refers to the one thousand disciples of the three Kasyapa (迦叶波) brothers and their teachers; two hundred disciples of Sariputra (舍利弗) and Maudgalyayana (目犍连); and fifty sons of the elder Yasa (耶舍), etc. They were all among the first to be liberated shortly after the Buddha's enlightenment, and they were grateful for the Buddha's profound grace, so they served as his constant companions. Two, to represent position and praise virtue. 'All were great Arhats, known to the assembly.' 'Great Arhats' represents position, and 'known to the assembly' praises virtue. 'Arhat' contains three meanings: 1. 'Worthy of Offerings', which is the fruit of a beggar; 2. 'Slayer of Thieves', which is the fruit of destroying evil; 3. 'No Birth', which is the fruit of terrifying demons. There are also three different types: wisdom liberation, both liberation, and liberation without doubt. Here, it is liberation without doubt, so it is called 'great'. Moreover, they are actually great Bodhisattvas of the Dharma body, manifesting as Sravakas, proving the inconceivable Dharma of this pure land, so they are called 'great'. Turning the Dharma wheel from the Buddha, widely benefiting humans and gods, they are known to the assembly. Three, listing the names of the foremost disciples. 'Elder Sariputra (舍利弗), Maha Maudgalyayana (摩诃目犍连), Maha Kasyapa (摩诃迦叶), Maha Katyayana (摩诃迦旃延), Maha Kusthila (摩诃拘絺罗), Revata (离婆多), Cūlapanthaka (周利槃陀), Nanda (伽难陀), Ananda (阿难陀), Rahula (罗睺罗), Gavampati (憍梵波提), Pindola Bharadvaja (宾头卢颇罗堕), Kalodayin (迦留陀夷), Maha Kappina (摩诃劫宾那), Bakula (薄拘罗), Aniruddha (阿㝹楼驮).' Such great disciples as these, with both virtue and seniority respected, are called 'elders'. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
老。舍利弗此云鹙鹭子，亦云身子，母身端正眼如鹙鹭，从母得名也，声闻众中智慧第一。摩诃目犍连此云大采菽氏，神通第一。摩诃迦叶此云大饮光，身有金色光明，头陀胜行第一，传佛心印为西土初祖。摩诃迦旃延此云大文饰，南天竺婆罗门种，论议第一。摩诃拘絺罗此云大膝，即舍利弗之母舅，答问第一。离婆多此云星宿，无倒乱第一。周利槃陀伽此云继道，因根钝故调息悟道，仅持一偈入定演说辩才无尽，义持第一。难陀此云喜，佛之亲弟，仪容第一。阿难陀此云庆喜，佛之堂弟，复为侍者，多闻第一。罗睺罗此云覆障，佛之太子，密行第一。憍梵波提此云牛呞，宿世恶口感此余报，受天供养第一。宾头卢此云不动，尊者之名，颇罗堕此云利根，尊者之姓，久住世间应末世供，福田第一。迦留陀夷此云黑光，为佛使者，教化第一。摩诃劫宾那此云房宿，知星宿第一。薄拘罗此云善容，寿命第一。阿㝹楼驮或云阿那律陀，此翻无贫又翻无灭又翻如意，亦佛堂弟，天眼第一。如是等诸大弟子者，结略指余也。此等诸大弟子本是法身大士，亦作声闻为影响众，今于此会同闻净土摄受功德，则能得第一义悉檀之益，任运增道损生自净佛土，复名当机众矣。 二、菩萨众。 “并诸菩萨摩诃萨：文殊师利法 老。舍利弗（Śāriputra，舍利之子），这里称他为鹙鹭子，也叫身子，因为他的母亲身材端正，眼睛像鹙鹭一样美丽，所以因母亲而得名，他在声闻众中智慧第一。摩诃目犍连（Mahāmaudgalyāyana），这里称他为大采菽氏，神通第一。摩诃迦叶（Mahākāśyapa），这里称他为大饮光，因为他身上有金色的光明，头陀苦行第一，他传承了佛陀的心印，是西土的初祖。摩诃迦旃延（Mahākātyāyana），这里称他为大文饰，是南天竺婆罗门种姓，论议第一。摩诃拘絺罗（Mahākauṣṭhila），这里称他为大膝，是舍利弗的舅舅，答问第一。离婆多（Revata），这里称他为星宿，无倒乱第一。周利槃陀伽（Cūḍapanthaka），这里称他为继道，因为根器迟钝，通过调息而悟道，仅仅持有一个偈颂，入定后演说辩才无尽，义持第一。难陀（Nanda），这里称他为喜，是佛陀的亲弟弟，仪容第一。阿难陀（Ānanda），这里称他为庆喜，是佛陀的堂弟，又是佛陀的侍者，多闻第一。罗睺罗（Rāhula），这里称他为覆障，是佛陀的太子，密行第一。憍梵波提（Gavāmpati），这里称他为牛呞，因为宿世的恶业，感受这种余报，受天供养第一。宾头卢（Piṇḍola），这里称他为不动，是尊者的名字，颇罗堕（Bharadvāja），这里称他为利根，是尊者的姓氏，他将长久住世，应末世的供养，福田第一。迦留陀夷（Kāludāyin），这里称他为黑光，是佛陀的使者，教化第一。摩诃劫宾那（Mahākappina），这里称他为房宿，知晓星宿第一。薄拘罗（Bakula），这里称他为善容，寿命第一。阿㝹楼驮（Aniruddha）或称阿那律陀，这里翻译为无贫，又翻译为无灭，又翻译为如意，也是佛陀的堂弟，天眼第一。像这些诸大弟子，是总结略举其余的弟子。这些诸大弟子本来是法身大士，也示现为声闻，作为影响众，如今在此法会一同听闻净土的摄受功德，就能得到第一义悉檀的利益，自然而然地增长道业，减少生死，自己清净佛土，又可以称为当机众了。 二、菩萨众。 ‘并诸菩萨摩诃萨：文殊师利法’