English
"", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", ], "english_translations": [ "English version:", "It is easy to attain bodhi (enlightenment) in a Pure Land, but difficult in a defiled world; it is easy to preach the Dharma to beings in a Pure Land, but difficult to preach to beings in a defiled world; it is easier to preach the gradual Dharma (gradual practice) to beings in a defiled world, but even more difficult to preach the sudden Dharma (instantaneous enlightenment); it is easier to preach other sudden Dharmas to beings in a defiled world, but even more difficult to preach this Pure Land's sudden Dharma of horizontal transcendence (transcending reincarnation); it is already not easy to preach the wonderful contemplation of sudden cultivation and sudden realization of Pure Land's horizontal transcendence to beings in a defiled world, but to preach this unique, supremely wonderful, and inconceivable first expedient method that does not rely on laborious cultivation and realization, but directly ascends to the stage of non-retrogression (no longer falling back to lower levels of practice) simply by reciting the name [of Amitabha Buddha], is the most difficult of all. Because this is difficult for all beings in the nine realms of existence (including gods, humans, asuras, hell beings, hungry ghosts, animals, sravakas, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas) to believe, it is called an extremely difficult and rare event. And all the Buddhas in the ten directions, without exception, praise and extol me, Śākyamuni (the founder of Buddhism), as being particularly courageous.", "The kalpa-kaṣāya (age of defilement) refers to the time when defiled dharmas gather. The dṛṣṭi-kaṣāya (defilement of views) refers to the flourishing of evil views from the five sharp afflictions, namely, the view of self (believing the body is the real self), the view of extremes (clinging to extremes), the view of attachment to views (believing wrong views are correct), the view of attachment to precepts (clinging to wrong precepts), and various other evil views, which are obscured and submerged, hence the name defilement. The kleśa-kaṣāya (defilement of afflictions) refers to the flourishing of afflictions from the five dull afflictions, namely, greed (greed), hatred (hatred), delusion (ignorance), pride (arrogance), and doubt (doubt), which agitate and disturb, hence the name defilement. The sattva-kaṣāya (defilement of beings) refers to the provisional name of beings formed by the combination of the coarse and inferior five skandhas (form, feeling, perception, volition, and consciousness) produced by the afflictions of views, where both the physical body and consciousness are ugly and inferior, hence the name defilement. The āyu-kaṣāya (defilement of lifespan) refers to the inferior causes and effects, resulting in a short lifespan, even less than a hundred years, hence the name defilement.", "", "2. Concluding with self-praise of the difficulty to believe.", "", "'Śāriputra (the Buddha's disciple known for his wisdom)!