English
English version: Mountains, a thousand suns and moons, a thousand four-continent worlds (referring to a world centered on Mount Sumeru, containing a thousand suns, moons, and four major continents), and a thousand Brahma Kings are called a small chiliocosm. Taking the small chiliocosm as a unit, accumulating to a thousand is called a medium chiliocosm. Accumulating a thousand medium chiliocosms is called a great chiliocosm, hence the name three thousand great chiliocosms, which is neither small nor medium, hence the name great chiliocosm. The *Abhidharmakośabhāṣya* says: The small chiliocosm reaches the first Dhyana heaven, the medium chiliocosm reaches the second Dhyana heaven, and the great chiliocosm reaches the third Dhyana heaven, all of which commonly experience a cycle of formation, existence, destruction, and emptiness. The 'pervading' mentioned here refers to universal experience, so it is said to pervade the three thousand great chiliocosms. This is to show that the tongue appearance is attained from abstaining from the four verbal misdeeds (false speech, frivolous speech, harsh speech, and divisive speech) for countless kalpas. If verifying small matters, it is only necessary to cover the face from the mouth to the hairline. Now verifying great matters, it must reach the three thousand great chiliocosms. Now we are talking about the principle of small causes leading to great effects, fearing that sentient beings will doubt. This is precisely the important path to abandoning suffering and attaining constant joy, the quick path to enlightenment. Since the matter is so vast, the manifested auspicious signs are naturally extraordinary. Spreading the tongue appearance to cover the great chiliocosm is to prove the true happiness of the Western Pure Land. The sutra says: 'Speaking truthful words, you sentient beings should believe in this sutra that praises inconceivable merits and is protected and念by all Buddhas.' The commentary says: The fifth is citing scriptural evidence. The sutra text is easy to understand. 'Truthful' means reality. Question: Does 'you' refer to the Buddhas of the six directions telling the listeners in their own lands, or does it refer to Shakyamuni Buddha exhorting and testing the assembly in Jeta Grove (祇園精舍, Qíyuán Jīngshè)? Answer: Observing the situation of this sutra, there are two meanings: First, the Buddhas of other lands tell the listeners in their own lands; second, Shakyamuni Buddha relays and quotes the meaning of those Buddhas to prove the Western Pure Land, so that the assembly present will generate faith and reverence. The sutra protected and念by all Buddhas refers to this sutra. According to this sutra, one should fully praise the inconceivable merits of Amitabha Buddha (阿弥陀佛, Āmítuó Fó). The text here is abbreviated. The sutra protected and念by all Buddhas refers to the Buddhas protecting, clearly remembering, and recollecting. That is to say, even numerous meritorious deeds are difficult to compare with the merits and blessings of reciting the Buddha's name. However, many people argue and insist on the power of upholding the sutra, so the Buddhas of the six directions use their divine power to protect and uphold it. The sages of the ten directions of sand-like worlds (沙界, shājiè) even recollect it in a single thought, so it is called the sutra protected and念by all Buddhas. Question: If Shakyamuni Buddha talks about the Pure Land, it can be said that it is protected and念by the Buddhas; if the Buddhas do not speak this sutra, why say it is protected and念by the Buddhas? Answer: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
：“王言是敕，佛语成经，既称赞于净方，此说便成经也。或可佛所护念者即指释迦所说阿弥陀经也。” 问：“灵山开塔要假召集分身，舍卫启筵何故不邀诸佛？” 答：“召佛开其宝塔，赴彼佛之愿心，证土启相信诚，显此尊之悲意，但各居自国不至此方也。” 经曰：“舍利弗！南方世界有日月灯佛、名闻光佛、大焰肩佛、须弥灯佛、无量精进佛”。 赞曰：第二南方也。分五如前，此前二段也(一指国土、二举佛名)，可知。日月灯佛者，身光智光内外俱照故。名闻光者，有大名闻光照内外，或闻名见光生觉悟故。大焰肩者，身光发焰出于肩故，或肩者齐也，即身光智光皆发焰齐也。须弥灯者，身光如灯焰有破暗故。无量精进者，利乐有情也。 经曰：“如是等恒河沙数诸佛，各于其国，出广长舌相，遍覆三千大千世界”。 赞曰：第三辨多少、第四明证相，行相如何。 经曰：“说诚实言，汝等众生当信是称赞不可思议功德，一切诸佛所护念经”。 赞曰：第五引证词，亦同前释。 经曰：“舍利弗！西方世界有无量寿佛、无量相佛、无量幢佛、大光佛、大明佛、宝相佛、净光佛”。 赞曰：第三西方，同前五段，此二文也。无量寿者，即 现代汉语译本：‘国王说的话是圣旨，佛说的话成为经典，既然是称赞净土的，那么这种说法就成了经典。或许佛所护念的，就是指释迦牟尼所说的《阿弥陀经》吧。’ 问：‘灵山开塔需要召集分身佛，舍卫城设宴为什么不邀请诸佛？’ 答：‘召集佛来开启宝塔，是为了满足那些佛的愿望，在证悟的土地上开启相信和真诚，彰显这位尊者的慈悲之意，只是（诸佛）各自居住在自己的国度，没有来到这里罢了。’ 经文说：‘舍利弗（Śāriputra）！南方世界有日月灯佛（Candrasūryapradīpa Buddha）、名闻光佛（Yaśastejas Buddha）、大焰肩佛（Mahārciḥskandha Buddha）、须弥灯佛（Sumerupradīpa Buddha）、无量精进佛（Amitavīrya Buddha）。’ 赞曰：第二部分是关于南方世界。分为五个部分，和前面一样，这里是前两段（一是指出国土，二是列举佛名），可以理解。日月灯佛，是因为他的身光和智光内外都照耀。名闻光佛，是因为他有很大的名声，光芒照耀内外，或者听到他的名字，见到他的光芒，就能产生觉悟。大焰肩佛，是因为他的身光发出火焰，从肩膀发出，或者肩膀代表齐平，也就是身光和智光都发出齐平的火焰。须弥灯佛，是因为他的身光像灯焰一样，能够破除黑暗。无量精进佛，是为了利益和快乐有情众生。 经文说：‘像这样恒河沙数那么多的诸佛，各自在自己的国度，伸出广长的舌头，遍覆三千大千世界。’ 赞曰：第三部分辨别数量多少，第四部分说明验证的相状，行为的相状是怎样的。 经文说：‘说诚实的话，你们这些众生应当相信这部称赞不可思议功德，一切诸佛所护念的经典。’ 赞曰：第五部分引用验证的言辞，也和前面的解释相同。 经文说：‘舍利弗（Śāriputra）！西方世界有无量寿佛（Amitāyus Buddha）、无量相佛（Amitalakṣaṇa Buddha）、无量幢佛（Amitadhvaja Buddha）、大光佛（Mahāprabha Buddha）、大明佛（Mahātejas Buddha）、宝相佛（Ratnaketu Buddha）、净光佛（Viśuddhapradīpa Buddha）。’ 赞曰：第三部分是关于西方世界，和前面的五个部分相同，这里是两段文字。无量寿佛，就是...
English
English version: 'The king's words are an edict, the Buddha's words become scripture. Since it praises the Pure Land, this saying becomes scripture. Perhaps what the Buddha protects and remembers refers to the Amitabha Sutra spoken by Śākyamuni.' Question: 'Opening the stupa on Vulture Peak requires summoning manifested bodies of the Buddha, why doesn't the feast in Śrāvastī invite all the Buddhas?' Answer: 'Summoning the Buddhas to open the stupa is to fulfill the wishes of those Buddhas, to initiate faith and sincerity in the land of enlightenment, and to manifest the compassion of this venerable one. It is just that they each reside in their own countries and do not come to this place.' The Sutra says: 'Śāriputra! In the Southern World, there are Buddhas such as Candrasūryapradīpa Buddha (Sun Moon Light Buddha), Yaśastejas Buddha (Renowned Light Buddha), Mahārciḥskandha Buddha (Great Flame Shoulder Buddha), Sumerupradīpa Buddha (Mount Sumeru Light Buddha), and Amitavīrya Buddha (Immeasurable Vigor Buddha).' Commentary: The second part is about the Southern World. It is divided into five parts, the same as before. Here are the first two sections (one points out the land, and the other lists the names of the Buddhas), which can be understood. Candrasūryapradīpa Buddha (Sun Moon Light Buddha), because his body light and wisdom light illuminate both internally and externally. Yaśastejas Buddha (Renowned Light Buddha), because he has great fame, and his light shines internally and externally, or hearing his name and seeing his light can generate enlightenment. Mahārciḥskandha Buddha (Great Flame Shoulder Buddha), because his body light emits flames from his shoulders, or the shoulders represent evenness, that is, both his body light and wisdom light emit even flames. Sumerupradīpa Buddha (Mount Sumeru Light Buddha), because his body light is like a lamp flame, which can break through darkness. Amitavīrya Buddha (Immeasurable Vigor Buddha), is for the benefit and happiness of sentient beings. The Sutra says: 'Like these Buddhas, as numerous as the sands of the Ganges, each in their own country, extends a broad and long tongue, covering the three thousand great thousand worlds.' Commentary: The third part distinguishes the quantity, and the fourth part explains the appearance of verification, what is the appearance of the behavior. The Sutra says: 'Speaking truthful words, you sentient beings should believe in this sutra that praises inconceivable merits and is protected and remembered by all the Buddhas.' Commentary: The fifth part quotes the words of verification, which is also the same as the previous explanation. The Sutra says: 'Śāriputra! In the Western World, there are Buddhas such as Amitāyus Buddha (Immeasurable Life Buddha), Amitalakṣaṇa Buddha (Immeasurable Characteristics Buddha), Amitadhvaja Buddha (Immeasurable Banner Buddha), Mahāprabha Buddha (Great Light Buddha), Mahātejas Buddha (Great Brightness Buddha), Ratnaketu Buddha (Jewel Sign Buddha), and Viśuddhapradīpa Buddha (Pure Light Buddha).' Commentary: The third part is about the Western World, the same as the previous five parts, here are two sections of text. Amitāyus Buddha (Immeasurable Life Buddha), is... -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 西方本尊，依二义得名，如前已解。
Chinese
问：“儒宗尚无自伐其善，何故弥陀自赞难思？” 答：“据其文势即是诸佛称赞。又设若弥陀自赞，于理何违，引转众生令生胜意。” 无量相者，相好无量故。无量幢者，身量功德高而复峻由如幢也。大光者，身智二光无不照故。大明者，得佛三明无不知故，即正遍知也。宝相者，内外二相皆可宝重故。净光者，净者无漏。光者身智二光，故言净光也。 经曰：“如是等恒河沙数诸佛，各于其国，出广长舌相，遍覆三千大千世界。” 赞曰：第三、第四文也。如上说也。 经曰：“说诚实言，汝等众生当信是称赞不可思议功德，一切诸佛所护念经。” 赞曰：第五文也，引证词可知。 经曰：“舍利弗！北方世界有焰肩佛、最胜音佛、难阻佛、日生佛、网明佛”。 赞曰：第四北方证也，文五同前。焰肩佛义同于前。最胜音，音声美妙胜过余故。难阻佛者，诸魔不能阻碍故。日生者，依智慧日流声教故，或依智慧日令众生生诸善法故。网明者，施此教网令众生生于明解故。 经曰：“如是等恒河沙数诸佛，各于其国，出广长舌相，遍覆三千大千世界”。 赞曰：第三、第四文，如前可知。 经曰 现代汉语译本 西方本尊（Western primary deity），依两种含义得名，如前面已经解释的。 问：‘儒家推崇不夸耀自己的优点，为什么阿弥陀佛（Amitabha Buddha）要赞叹自己不可思议的功德？’ 答：‘从经文的语气来看，这是诸佛（all Buddhas）在称赞阿弥陀佛。即使假设是阿弥陀佛自赞，在道理上也没有什么违背，这样做是为了引导众生生起殊胜的信心。’ ‘无量相’，是因为阿弥陀佛的相好（physical characteristics）无量无边。‘无量幢’，是因为阿弥陀佛的身量和功德高大而庄严，犹如宝幢一般。‘大光’，是因为阿弥陀佛的身光和智慧之光无所不照。‘大明’，是因为阿弥陀佛证得了佛的三明（threefold wisdom），无所不知，也就是正遍知（samyaksambuddha）。‘宝相’，是因为阿弥陀佛的内外之相都值得珍视宝重。‘净光’，‘净’指的是无漏（free from outflows），‘光’指的是身光和智慧之光，所以说是净光。 经文说：‘像这样恒河沙数（numberless）的诸佛，各自在自己的国度，伸出广长舌相（broad and long tongue），遍覆三千大千世界（three thousand great thousand worlds）。’ 赞曰：这是第三、第四段经文的内容，如上面所说。 经文说：‘说诚实之语，你们这些众生应当相信这部称赞不可思议功德，一切诸佛所护念的经典。’ 赞曰：这是第五段经文的内容，可以从引用的词语中得知。 经文说：‘舍利弗（Sariputra）！北方世界有焰肩佛（Flame Shoulder Buddha）、最胜音佛（Supreme Voice Buddha）、难阻佛（Insuperable Buddha）、日生佛（Sun Birth Buddha）、网明佛（Net Light Buddha）。’ 赞曰：这是第四部分北方诸佛的证明，经文的结构与前面相同。焰肩佛的含义与前面相同。最胜音佛，是因为他的音声美妙胜过其他佛。难阻佛，是因为一切邪魔都不能阻碍他。日生佛，是因为他依智慧之日流布声教，或者依智慧之日令众生生起各种善法。网明佛，是因为他施以此教法的网，令众生生起明了的理解。 经文说：‘像这样恒河沙数的诸佛，各自在自己的国度，伸出广长舌相，遍覆三千大千世界。’ 赞曰：这是第三、第四段经文的内容，如前面所知。 经文说