English
English version ‘All lights are made to disappear, hence his clan is called Yinguang (飲光, Light-Drinking).’ This means his light outshines all other lights. Because he is a descendant of immortals, he is called Yinguang. However, Kashyapa's (迦叶, Jiaye) body already surpasses golden color, and it is unclear whether the title Yinguang is inherited from his ancestors. The *Manjushri Questions Sutra* translates it as ‘turtle,’ which is likely a mistranslation. The Vinaya-Vibhasha says: Because Kashyapa has many superior qualities, he is marked with ‘Great.’ He is called ‘Great’ because of five superior qualities: First, he was born into a wealthy and noble family; second, he was able to renounce great wealth and nobility to become a monk; third, he was able to practice asceticism (dhuta), with few desires and contentment; fourth, kings, nagas, ghosts, and gods knew him and made offerings to him; fifth, he renounced the great benefits of the world and practiced asceticism, with few desires, contentment, and begging for food. Furthermore, the *Kashyapa's Origin Sutra* says: In the city of Wangshe (王舍城), there was a wealthy Brahmin named Nijulu (尼拘律), meaning ‘without harm,’ who had a son named Biboluo (毕拨罗), who is Mahakashyapa. Kashyapa is the surname, and Biboluo is the given name. He is the foremost among the Buddha's disciples in ascetic practices. The Buddha will personally meet him and share his seat with him. ‘Mahakatyayana (摩诃迦旃延, Mohejiazhanyan),’ Paramartha (真谛, Zhendi) says: This translates to ‘Superior in Thought.’ In ancient times, there was an immortal who was superior to others in hearing and thinking, so he was a descendant of immortals and was called ‘Superior in Thought.’ He was formerly known as Jiancheng (肩乘, Shoulder-Riding). Some say this is a mistranslation and should be called Shansheng (扇繩, Fan-Rope), which is closer in meaning. His father died early, and his mother raised him alone, never remarrying, like a fan tied with a rope, hence the name. Another explanation is that Katyayana is the surname, and Shansheng is the given name. ‘Mahakaushthila (摩诃拘絺罗, Mohejuzhiluo),’ means ‘Great Knee,’ because his kneecap was very large. He was Shariputra's (舍利弗, Shelifu) uncle, very intelligent, and initially a teacher of non-Buddhist paths, named Dirghanakha (长爪梵志, Changzhua Fanzhi). ‘Revata (离婆多, Lipaduo),’ the *Manjushri Questions Sutra* translates as ‘Always Making Sound,’ but its meaning is unclear. Tradition says that according to the *Mahaprajnaparamita Shastra*, it translates to ‘False Combination,’ meaning that it is a body falsely combined from the head, top, hands, and feet of a dead person. According to the fourteenth volume of that treatise, it generally speaks of a person without mentioning a name. It is not known if this refers to this person. Someone was walking at night and stayed overnight in a temple. An old ghost brought a dead person to eat, and a young ghost wanted to snatch it away. Each said, ‘I allow it,’ and they argued endlessly, so they pulled that person to be a witness. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
彼人思惟：“我实语亦死，妄语亦死，宁实不虚。”即云：“老鬼将来。”彼少鬼发怒，便擒彼人挽取臂咬乃至头脚。老鬼惭愧此人为证，便取死人手足及头挟着。天晓而去，口云：“为是我身、为非我身？”遂至一伽蓝问僧：“是我不？”因问自说如上之事。僧云：“汝身本来四大五阴假和合成，何但今日方和合？”即出家，后得罗汉。 “周利槃陀伽”者，依《佛华严入如来智德不思议经》云：翻为继道。《善见律》翻为路边生，有一长者，止有一女与奴私通，遂逃他国久而有孕，垂产思归，行至中路即诞其子，因名路边生。如是二度凡生两子，长名槃陀伽，弟名周利槃陀伽，以兄弟相继于路边生，兄名路边，弟名继道，即周利槃陀伽也。《增一阿含》云：其人父母并亡，兄厌家入道，其弟寻复出家，性甚愚钝。兄怒之曰：“汝不能持诵，又加懒惰，幸即归俗。”牵出祇洹门外，号泣而立。如来见之，知其道根将熟，唤之在侧，付扫帚与：“汝诵此名，此名亦号除垢，若日诵之。”得扫忘帚，乃即思惟：“此名除垢之义，除者应是清净，垢者应是身中结缚。”思惟忽然悟解成阿罗汉果。处处经其人过去，遍通经论藏秘不说，临死悔恨曰：“我所解不为人说，用解何为？由我秘惜故今则暗钝。”以临死悔恨故 现代汉语译本 那个人心想：‘我说真话也是死，说假话也是死，宁可说实话也不说假话。’于是就说：‘老鬼要来了。’那个小鬼发怒了，便抓住那个人，拉着他的手臂咬，甚至咬他的头和脚。老鬼惭愧这个人作证，便拿走死人的手脚和头夹着。天亮后离去，口中说：‘这是我的身体吗？不是我的身体吗？’于是到了一个伽蓝（寺庙），问僧人：‘这是我吗？’因此问了并说了如上的事情。僧人说：‘你的身体本来就是由四大五阴假和合而成的，为什么今天才和合呢？’于是就出家了，后来得了阿罗汉果。 ‘周利槃陀伽’（小路边生）这个人，依据《佛华严入如来智德不思议经》说：翻译为继道。《善见律》翻译为路边生，有一个长者，只有一个女儿与奴仆私通，于是逃到其他国家很久并怀了孕，快要生产时想回家，走到半路就生下了孩子，因此名叫路边生。像这样两次共生了两个儿子，大的名叫槃陀伽，弟弟名叫周利槃陀伽，因为兄弟相继在路边出生，哥哥名叫路边，弟弟名叫继道，也就是周利槃陀伽。《增一阿含经》说：这个人父母都去世了，哥哥厌倦了家庭生活而出家，他的弟弟随后也出家了，但天性非常愚钝。哥哥生气地说：‘你不能持诵，又加上懒惰，不如还是回家吧。’把他拉出祇洹（祇树给孤独园）门外，他哭泣着站在那里。如来（佛陀）看见了他，知道他的道根将要成熟，叫他到身边，给他一把扫帚说：‘你念诵这个名字，这个名字也叫除垢，每天念诵它。’他得到了扫帚却忘了扫，于是就思考：‘这个名字除垢的意义，除的意思应该是清净，垢的意思应该是身体中的结缚。’思考后忽然领悟，成就了阿罗汉果。处处经典记载这个人过去的事情，遍通经论藏的秘密却不说，临死时后悔说：‘我所理解的没有告诉别人，理解了有什么用呢？因为我秘藏吝惜，所以现在才愚昧迟钝。’因为临死时的后悔的缘故
English
English version That person thought: 'If I tell the truth, I will die; if I lie, I will also die. I would rather tell the truth than lie.' So he said: 'The old ghost is coming.' The little ghost became angry, grabbed the person, pulled his arm and bit him, even biting his head and feet. The old ghost was ashamed that this person was a witness, so he took the dead person's hands, feet, and head and挟着 (xiézhe, tucked them under his arm). At dawn, he left, saying: 'Is this my body? Is it not my body?' Then he went to a 伽蓝 (qiélán, monastery) and asked the monks: 'Is this me?' So he asked and told the above events. The monk said: 'Your body is originally a false combination of the four elements and the five aggregates, why is it only combining today?' So he became a monk and later attained Arhatship. ‘周利槃陀伽 (Zhōulìpántuójiā, Cūḷapanthaka)’ according to the 《佛华严入如来智德不思议经》(Fó Huáyán Rù Rúlái Zhìdé Bùsīyì Jīng, Buddha Avatamsaka Entering the Inconceivable Wisdom and Virtue of the Tathagata Sutra): is translated as 继道 (jìdào, successor to the path). The 《善见律》(Shànjiàn Lǜ, Samantapāsādikā) translates it as 路边生 (lùbiānshēng, born by the roadside). There was an elder who had only one daughter who had illicit relations with a servant, so they fled to another country for a long time and she became pregnant. When she was about to give birth, she thought of returning home, and gave birth to her child halfway, so she was named 路边生 (lùbiānshēng, born by the roadside). In this way, she gave birth to two sons, the elder named 槃陀伽 (Pántuójiā, Panthaka), and the younger named 周利槃陀伽 (Zhōulìpántuójiā, Cūḷapanthaka), because the brothers were born successively by the roadside, the elder was named 路边 (lùbiān, roadside), and the younger was named 继道 (jìdào, successor to the path), that is, 周利槃陀伽 (Zhōulìpántuójiā, Cūḷapanthaka). The 《增一阿含经》(Zēngyī Āhánjīng, Ekottara Agama) says: His parents both died, and his elder brother,厌家 (yànjiā, tired of family life), entered the monastic life, and his younger brother followed him to become a monk, but he was very dull by nature. His elder brother angrily said: 'You cannot recite the scriptures, and you are also lazy, you might as well go home.' He dragged him out of the 祇洹 (Qíhuán, Jetavana) gate, and he stood there weeping. The 如来 (Rúlái, Tathagata, Buddha) saw him and knew that his roots of the path were about to mature, so he called him to his side, gave him a broom and said: 'You recite this name, this name is also called 除垢 (chúgòu, remove defilement), recite it every day.' He got the broom but forgot how to sweep, so he thought: 'The meaning of this name 除垢 (chúgòu, remove defilement), 除 (chú, remove) should mean purity, and 垢 (gòu, defilement) should mean the bonds in the body.' After thinking, he suddenly realized and attained Arhatship. Everywhere in the scriptures, his past is recorded, he understood the secrets of the entire Tripitaka but did not speak of it, and regretted it when he was about to die, saying: 'What I understood I did not tell others, what is the use of understanding? Because I hoarded and was stingy, I am now dull.' Because of the regret at the time of death --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
，今经二十四年记五字因之得悟。又《五百弟子本起经》云：我昔放猪驱令渡水，以绳系口，猪不得喘息中流而死。以是罪因，于是后身犹尚曚昧，我讽学一偈三月乃知。《增一》云：然能化形体作若干变。 经“难陀”者，《大威德陀罗尼经》云：有四：一者、但言难陀，此云喜；二、修难陀，此云善喜；三、阿难陀，此云欢喜；四、婆难陀，此云贤欢喜。今言难陀者，即佛之亲弟，本姨母所生，孙陀罗婿也。所以名喜者，时王白净适有悉达弃家入道，无人嗣位心常致忧，及生难陀，仪貌似兄堪继洪业，故心生少喜。《别译阿含》云：佛言：“我弟难陀者，能摄诸根不着六尘，饮食知节才以止饥，故名难陀。”又《增一》云：身形端正与世殊异，诸根寂静心不变易，故名难陀。《五百弟子本起经》云：由过去施僧暖浴室及洗一比丘僧，即得无垢身形端正色妙如华，又曾修饰辟支佛塔，又见迦叶佛塔建立刹柱安承露盘，以是诸因今生释氏得为佛弟，有大人相，身长一丈五尺二寸。 经曰：“阿难陀”者，《智度论》云：如来得道夜生，朝有天人空中告白净王曰：“悉达太子昨夜明星出时成一切智。”王闻欢喜。又，王第三弟斛饭王复是其日来启王：“昨夜生一男。”王曰：“贵弟生男，我心欢喜。今日大 现代汉语译本：现在这部经书（指《法华经》）在二十四年时记录了五个字，因此得以领悟。另外，《五百弟子本起经》中说：‘我过去放猪，驱赶它们渡河，用绳子系住猪的嘴，猪无法喘息，在河中淹死了。因为这个罪过，所以在后世仍然愚昧无知，我诵读一个偈颂，三个月才明白。’《增一阿含经》中说：‘（佛）能够变化形体，作出各种各样的变化。 经文中的‘难陀’（Nanda，喜悦）这个名字，《大威德陀罗尼经》中说有四种：第一种，只称作难陀，意思是喜悦；第二种，修难陀（Shunanda），意思是善喜；第三种，阿难陀（Ananda），意思是欢喜；第四种，婆难陀（Bhadrananda），意思是贤欢喜。现在所说的难陀，就是佛陀的亲弟弟，本是姨母所生，是孙陀罗（Sundari）的丈夫。之所以名叫喜悦，是因为当时国王白净（Suddhodana）只有悉达多（Siddhartha）出家入道，没有人继承王位，心中常常忧愁，等到难陀出生，容貌像他的哥哥，可以继承大业，所以心中产生少许喜悦。《别译阿含经》中说：佛说：‘我的弟弟难陀，能够摄持诸根，不执着于六尘，饮食知节制，仅仅为了止饥，所以名叫难陀。’另外，《增一阿含经》中说：身形端正，与世人不同，诸根寂静，心不改变，所以名叫难陀。《五百弟子本起经》中说：由于过去布施僧众暖浴室，以及为一位比丘僧洗浴，因此得到无垢的身形，端正的容貌，美妙的颜色像花一样，又曾经修饰辟支佛塔（Pratyekabuddha stupa），又见到迦叶佛塔（Kasyapa Buddha stupa）建立刹柱，安装承露盘，因为这些原因，今生出生在释迦族，成为佛陀的弟弟，具有大人相，身高一丈五尺二寸。 经文中说：‘阿难陀’（Ananda，欢喜）这个名字，《智度论》中说：如来（Tathagata）得道的那天晚上出生，早上有天人在空中告诉白净王说：‘悉达多太子昨晚在明星出现的时候成就了一切智。’国王听了非常欢喜。而且，国王的第三个弟弟斛饭王（Dronodana）也在同一天来禀告国王：‘昨晚生了一个男孩。’国王说：‘贵弟生了男孩，我心中欢喜。今天大
English
English version: Now, this scripture (referring to the *Lotus Sutra*) records five words in its twenty-fourth year, and through this, enlightenment is attained. Furthermore, the *Sutra of the Origin of the Five Hundred Disciples* states: 'In the past, I released pigs, driving them to cross a river. I tied their mouths with ropes, and the pigs could not breathe, drowning in the middle of the river. Because of this sin, I remained ignorant in later lives. I recited a verse and only understood it after three months.' The *Ekottara Agama* states: '(The Buddha) can transform his body, creating various transformations.' Regarding the name 'Nanda' (Nanda, Joy), the *Mahavairocana Dharani Sutra* states that there are four types: First, simply called Nanda, which means joy; second, Shunanda, which means good joy; third, Ananda, which means delight; and fourth, Bhadrananda, which means virtuous joy. The Nanda mentioned here is the Buddha's own brother, born of his aunt, and the husband of Sundari. The reason he is named Joy is that King Suddhodana only had Siddhartha who had renounced the world to seek the path, and there was no one to inherit the throne, so he was constantly worried. When Nanda was born, his appearance resembled his brother, and he could inherit the great undertaking, so a little joy arose in his heart. The *Separate Translation of the Agamas* states: The Buddha said, 'My brother Nanda is able to restrain his senses, not clinging to the six dusts, and knows moderation in food, only eating to stop hunger, therefore he is named Nanda.' Furthermore, the *Ekottara Agama* states: His body is upright and correct, different from the world, his senses are tranquil, and his mind does not change easily, therefore he is named Nanda. The *Sutra of the Origin of the Five Hundred Disciples* states: Because in the past he donated a warm bathhouse to the Sangha and bathed a Bhikshu, he obtained a flawless body, an upright appearance, and a beautiful color like a flower. He also decorated a Pratyekabuddha stupa and saw the Kasyapa Buddha stupa erected with a pillar and a dew-receiving basin. Because of these causes, he was born into the Shakya clan in this life, becoming the Buddha's brother, possessing the marks of a great man, with a height of one丈 five尺 two寸. The sutra says: 'Ananda' (Ananda, Delight), the *Mahaprajnaparamita Sastra* states: The Tathagata was born on the night he attained enlightenment, and in the morning, a Deva in the sky told King Suddhodana: 'Prince Siddhartha attained all-knowing wisdom last night when the morning star appeared.' The king was very happy to hear this. Moreover, King Dronodana, the third brother of the king, also came to inform the king on the same day: 'A boy was born last night.' The king said: 'My dear brother has given birth to a boy, and I am delighted. Today is a great --------------------------------------------------------------------------------