Chinese
三业报佛信故。四住持佛随顺故。五涅槃佛永度故。六法界佛无处不至故。七心佛安住故。八三昧佛无量无著故。九性佛决定故。十如意佛普覆故。初无著佛安住世间成正觉者亦名正觉佛。着是众患之本。觉是诸德之元。无邪患而不离故名无著。无正德而不圆故名正觉。此是总佛。余九别佛。以别成总。故于总开别。愿佛出生者谓如理智穷无生际方能出生无量佛事。即是大愿。故名愿佛出生故。业报佛信者谓无量相好庄严色身。无量善业所感之报。故名业报。所以感得妙色身报为令见者咸归信故。举所为意以显业报佛。故名信。住持佛随顺者谓佛圆音周遍三世住持佛法无穷无尽。顺一切智无穷尽故名住持佛随顺故。涅槃佛永度者说门之中名为化佛。化现灭度非实灭故。所以涅槃非实灭者永度生死生灭法故。故名涅槃佛永度故。法界佛无处不至者谓无碍法界即佛体名法界佛。智慧光明亦同法界无处不至。是故亦名为法界佛无处不至故。心佛安住者谓正直心安住所缘。故名心佛安住故。三昧佛无量无著者谓佛三昧无量无边思议解脱。故名三昧佛无量无著故。性佛决定者谓如来性即是本觉。本性自觉非修所成故名性佛。于染净位决定不改能生十决定之法故名决定。如意佛普覆者谓神力自在名如意佛。周遍一切故名普覆。上十 现代汉语译本 三、业报佛（Karma Reward Buddha）：因为相信佛陀的业报。 四、住持佛（Sustaining Buddha）：因为随顺佛法。 五、涅槃佛（Nirvana Buddha）：因为永远度脱生死。 六、法界佛（Dharma Realm Buddha）：因为无处不在。 七、心佛（Mind Buddha）：因为安住于心。 八、三昧佛（Samadhi Buddha）：因为无量无执著。 九、性佛（Nature Buddha）：因为本性决定。 十、如意佛（Wish-Fulfilling Buddha）：因为普遍覆盖。 最初的无著佛（Unattached Buddha）安住世间成就正觉，也被称为正觉佛。执著是各种祸患的根源，觉悟是各种美德的开端。因为没有邪恶的祸患而不远离，所以称为‘无著’。因为没有真正的美德而不圆满，所以称为‘正觉’。这是总佛（Total Buddha）。其余九尊是别佛（Distinct Buddhas）。以别佛成就总佛，所以在总佛中开显别佛。愿佛（Vow Buddha）出生，是指如理的智慧穷尽无生的边际，才能出生无量的佛事，这就是大愿，所以称为愿佛出生。 业报佛信，是指无量的相好庄严的色身，是无量善业所感得的果报，所以称为‘业报’。之所以感得妙色身报，是为了让见到的人都归于信服，举出所作所为的意图来彰显业报佛，所以称为‘信’。 住持佛随顺，是指佛陀圆满的声音周遍三世，住持佛法无穷无尽，随顺一切智慧无穷尽，所以称为‘住持佛随顺’。 涅槃佛永度，在说法的门径中称为化佛（Transformation Buddha）。化现灭度并非真正的灭度。所以说涅槃并非真正的灭度，是因为永远度脱生死生灭的法，所以称为‘涅槃佛永度’。 法界佛无处不至，是指无碍的法界就是佛的本体，称为法界佛。智慧光明也同法界一样无处不至，所以也称为‘法界佛无处不至’。 心佛安住，是指正直的心安住所缘，所以称为‘心佛安住’。 三昧佛无量无著，是指佛陀的三昧无量无边，是不可思议的解脱，所以称为‘三昧佛无量无著’。 性佛决定，是指如来的自性就是本觉（Original Awareness）。本性自觉并非通过修行所成就，所以称为‘性佛’。在染净的位次上决定不改变，能够产生十种决定的法，所以称为‘决定’。 如意佛普覆，是指神力自在，称为如意佛。周遍一切，所以称为‘普覆’。 以上是十佛。
English
English version 3. Karma Reward Buddha: Because of faith in the Buddha's karma rewards. 4. Sustaining Buddha: Because of compliance with the Dharma. 5. Nirvana Buddha: Because of eternal deliverance from birth and death. 6. Dharma Realm Buddha: Because of being omnipresent. 7. Mind Buddha: Because of abiding in the mind. 8. Samadhi Buddha: Because of immeasurable non-attachment. 9. Nature Buddha: Because of the inherent nature being definitive. 10. Wish-Fulfilling Buddha: Because of universal coverage. The initial Unattached Buddha abides in the world and attains perfect enlightenment, also known as the Perfectly Enlightened Buddha. Attachment is the root of all afflictions, and enlightenment is the beginning of all virtues. Because there is no evil affliction that is not distanced, it is called 'Unattached'. Because there is no true virtue that is not complete, it is called 'Perfectly Enlightened'. This is the Total Buddha. The remaining nine are Distinct Buddhas. The Distinct Buddhas accomplish the Total Buddha, so the Distinct Buddhas are revealed within the Total Buddha. The birth of the Vow Buddha refers to the fact that only when the wisdom of principle exhausts the boundary of non-birth can immeasurable Buddha-deeds be born. This is the Great Vow, so it is called the birth of the Vow Buddha. Karma Reward Buddha's faith refers to the immeasurable marks and adornments of the physical body, which are the rewards felt by immeasurable good karma, so it is called 'Karma Reward'. The reason for feeling the reward of the wonderful physical body is to make those who see it return to faith. The intention of what is done is raised to highlight the Karma Reward Buddha, so it is called 'Faith'. Sustaining Buddha's compliance refers to the Buddha's perfect sound pervading the three times, sustaining the Dharma endlessly, complying with all wisdom endlessly, so it is called 'Sustaining Buddha's compliance'. Nirvana Buddha's eternal deliverance is called Transformation Buddha in the path of preaching. Transformation and extinction are not real extinction. So Nirvana is not real extinction because it eternally delivers the Dharma of birth and death, so it is called 'Nirvana Buddha's eternal deliverance'. Dharma Realm Buddha's omnipresence refers to the unobstructed Dharma Realm being the Buddha's body, called Dharma Realm Buddha. The light of wisdom is also omnipresent like the Dharma Realm, so it is also called 'Dharma Realm Buddha's omnipresence'. Mind Buddha's abiding refers to the upright mind abiding in what it dwells on, so it is called 'Mind Buddha's abiding'. Samadhi Buddha's immeasurable non-attachment refers to the Buddha's samadhi being immeasurable and boundless, an inconceivable liberation, so it is called 'Samadhi Buddha's immeasurable non-attachment'. Nature Buddha's definiteness refers to the Tathagata's nature being original awareness. Original nature's self-awareness is not achieved through practice, so it is called 'Nature Buddha'. It is definitely unchangeable in the positions of defilement and purity, and can produce ten kinds of definitive Dharmas, so it is called 'Definiteness'. Wish-Fulfilling Buddha's universal coverage refers to the freedom of spiritual power, called Wish-Fulfilling Buddha. Pervading everything, so it is called 'Universal Coverage'. The above are the Ten Buddhas. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
佛中各有十义广如经说。法集经中亦名十佛。彼云菩萨入十种法能知诸佛。何等为十。谓习气佛果报佛三昧佛愿佛心佛实佛同佛化佛供养佛形像佛。乃至广说彼与此经所说十佛十数虽同体相大异。然约六相分别十佛。如论说言一切十句皆有六相。何者为六。一者总相二者别相三者同相四者异相五者成相六者坏相。今就十佛显此六相。谓初一佛无佛不摄。故名为总相。即后九佛于一开九。故名别相。十同离着。故名同相。十用各异。故名异相。揽九成一一佛圆满。故名成相。分一作九九外无一。故名坏相。如是已说说品十佛。品中法数其相如何。颂曰。 初治修生具 正不童王灌 欢饶无无无 善无尊善真 释曰。颂中上半颂十住法。下半如次颂十行法。品中法数虽有多种今且随名以显其数。菩萨所修虽有多门探其纲要不过八种。何等为八。一十住二十行三十藏四十向五十地六十定七十通八十忍。云何十住。一初发心住二治地住三修行住四生贵住五具足方便住六正心住七不退住八童真住九法王子住十灌顶住。释此住名大分为二。初总后别。初总名者菩萨在此创安其心于六度等行未殊胜但得住名。后别名者一此位菩萨创首发于大菩提心名发心住。二此位菩萨净治三业悲及有识名治地住。三此位菩萨修胜理 现代汉语译本：佛的十种意义，在经典中广泛阐述。《法集经》中也称之为‘十佛’。其中说，菩萨进入十种法，能够知晓诸佛。什么是这十种法呢？即习气佛（由过去的习气所显现的佛）、果报佛（由善业果报所显现的佛）、三昧佛（由禅定所显现的佛）、愿佛（由愿力所显现的佛）、心佛（由清净心所显现的佛）、实佛（真实存在的佛）、同佛（与一切众生平等的佛）、化佛（为度化众生而示现的佛）、供养佛（受众生供养的佛）、形像佛（佛的形象，如佛像）。乃至更广的阐述。虽然《法集经》与此经所说的十佛，在数量上相同，但其体性和表相却大不相同。然而，可以根据六相来分别这十佛。正如论中所说，一切十句都具有六相。什么是六相呢？一是总相，二是别相，三是同相，四是异相，五是成相，六是坏相。现在就以这十佛来阐释这六相。第一佛涵盖了所有佛，因此称为总相。后面的九佛是从第一佛展开的，因此称为别相。十佛共同的特点是离着，因此称为同相。十佛的作用各不相同，因此称为异相。包含九佛而成就一一佛的圆满，因此称为成相。将一佛分为九佛，九佛之外没有一佛，因此称为坏相。以上已经阐述了说品中的十佛。品中的法数，其相状如何呢？颂曰： 初治修生具 正不童王灌 欢饶无无无 善无尊善真 释曰：颂中的上半颂是十住法，下半颂依次是十行法。品中的法数虽然有很多种，现在暂且根据名称来显示其数量。菩萨所修的法门虽然有很多，但探究其纲要，不过八种。什么是八种呢？一是十住，二是十行，三是十藏，四是十向，五是十地，六是十定，七是十通，八是十忍。什么是十住呢？一是初发心住，二是治地住，三是修行住，四是生贵住，五是具足方便住，六是正心住，七是不退住，八是童真住，九是法王子住，十是灌顶住。解释这些住的名称，大体分为两部分。先总后别。先说总名，菩萨在此最初安住其心，在六度等行上还不殊胜，只是得到了‘住’的名称。后说别名，一是此位菩萨最初发起大菩提心，名为发心住。二是此位菩萨清净身口意三业，以慈悲对待一切有情众生，名为治地住。三是此位菩萨修习殊胜的理
English
English version: The ten meanings of Buddha are extensively explained in the scriptures. In the *Dharmasamuccaya Sutra* (法集经), they are also called the 'Ten Buddhas'. It says that a Bodhisattva who enters the ten dharmas can know all the Buddhas. What are these ten dharmas? They are Habit-Energy Buddha (习气佛), Retribution Buddha (果报佛), Samadhi Buddha (三昧佛), Vow Buddha (愿佛), Mind Buddha (心佛), Real Buddha (实佛), Same Buddha (同佛), Transformation Buddha (化佛), Offering Buddha (供养佛), and Image Buddha (形像佛). And so on, with further elaboration. Although the *Dharmasamuccaya Sutra* and this sutra both speak of ten Buddhas and the number ten, their essence and appearance are vastly different. However, we can distinguish these ten Buddhas according to the six aspects. As the treatise says, all ten sentences have six aspects. What are the six aspects? First, the general aspect; second, the specific aspect; third, the same aspect; fourth, the different aspect; fifth, the accomplishing aspect; and sixth, the destroying aspect. Now, we will use these ten Buddhas to illustrate these six aspects. The first Buddha encompasses all Buddhas, therefore it is called the general aspect. The latter nine Buddhas are developed from the first Buddha, therefore they are called the specific aspect. The common characteristic of the ten Buddhas is detachment, therefore it is called the same aspect. The functions of the ten Buddhas are different, therefore it is called the different aspect. Including the nine Buddhas to accomplish the perfection of each Buddha, therefore it is called the accomplishing aspect. Dividing one Buddha into nine Buddhas, and there is no one Buddha outside of the nine Buddhas, therefore it is called the destroying aspect. The above has explained the ten Buddhas in the 'Speaking' chapter. What are the characteristics of the dharma numbers in the chapter? The verse says: 'First Cure Cultivation Birth Equipment, Correct Non-Child King Consecration, Joy Abundant Non-Non-Non, Good Non-Venerable Good True.' Explanation: The first half of the verse praises the Ten Abodes (十住), and the second half praises the Ten Practices (十行) in order. Although there are many kinds of dharma numbers in the chapter, we will now temporarily show their numbers according to their names. Although there are many dharma doors that Bodhisattvas cultivate, exploring their essence, there are no more than eight kinds. What are the eight kinds? First, the Ten Abodes; second, the Ten Practices; third, the Ten Treasures (十藏); fourth, the Ten Dedications (十向); fifth, the Ten Grounds (十地); sixth, the Ten Samadhis (十定); seventh, the Ten Supernatural Powers (十通); and eighth, the Ten Forbearances (十忍). What are the Ten Abodes? First, the Abode of Initial Aspiration (初发心住); second, the Abode of Curing the Ground (治地住); third, the Abode of Cultivation (修行住); fourth, the Abode of Noble Birth (生贵住); fifth, the Abode of Complete Expediency (具足方便住); sixth, the Abode of Correct Mind (正心住); seventh, the Abode of Non-Retrogression (不退住); eighth, the Abode of Childlike Purity (童真住); ninth, the Abode of Dharma Prince (法王子住); and tenth, the Abode of Consecration (灌顶住). Explaining the names of these abodes, they are broadly divided into two parts. First, the general, then the specific. First, the general name, the Bodhisattva initially dwells their mind here, and is not yet superior in the Six Perfections and other practices, but only obtains the name 'Abode'. Later, the specific names, first, the Bodhisattva in this position initially arouses the great Bodhi mind, called the Abode of Initial Aspiration. Second, the Bodhisattva in this position purifies the three karmas of body, speech, and mind, and treats all sentient beings with compassion, called the Abode of Curing the Ground. Third, the Bodhisattva in this position cultivates the superior principle --------------------------------------------------------------------------------