English
English version O Dharma wheel, there often dwell tranquil ascetics. Because of such great merits, the Bhagavan (World Honored One) turns the Dharma wheel there. This meaning has been explained, and now it will be further elaborated. Moreover, the *Extensive Scripture* contains a verse that says: 'I give in sixty thousand kotis (koti, a large number) of nayutas (nayuta, a very large number) of assemblies, offering to sixty thousand kotis of nayutas of Buddhas. Varanasi is a superior place, with superior ancient ascetics, and the foremost nagas (Naga) and others, constantly praising the place where the Dharma is taught. Ninety-one billion kalpas (kalpa, an aeon) ago, I recall the unsurpassed and victorious Buddha, turning the unsurpassed Dharma wheel in this wonderful forest. Here there are nayutas of tranquil and victorious ascetics, constantly in Mrigadava (Deer Park), hence it is called the place of ascetics. In such a victorious forest, the unsurpassed Dharma wheel is turned.' Thus, the Dharma wheel has been turned, and for those who believe in the Dharma, it has been turned in this way. Furthermore, where did the Bhagavan (World Honored One) first sit to turn the Dharma wheel? This meaning will now be explained. The Bhagavan sat in that great round hall, on a lion throne adorned with immeasurable pure and wonderful treasures, and turned the Dharma wheel. Where is this mentioned? In the *Extensive Scripture*, it is said: 'O Bhikshus (monks)! The earthly deities (earthly deities) know that there is great benefit in wanting to turn the Dharma wheel in Varanasi, so they set up a great round hall, adorned with various decorations, vast and magnificent, the hall being seven hundred yojanas (yojana, an ancient Indian unit of distance) in length and width. The deities in the sky adorned it with canopies and banners. In the upper sky, the deities of the Kamadhatu (desire realm) offered eighty-four thousand lion thrones to the Tathagata (Thus Come One). After offering them to the Tathagata, each one requested: May the Tathagata please sit on my throne and turn the Dharma wheel! Each deity saw the Bhagavan sitting on the lion throne they had offered and turning the Dharma wheel. The Bhagavan thus satisfied the minds of all the deities.' Furthermore, when the Bhagavan turned the Dharma wheel, how many beings abandoned evil deeds and practiced good? This meaning will now be explained. Kaundinya and the other five Bhikshus, as well as sixty billion deities, eighty billion **deities, and eighty-four trillion humans. Where is this mentioned? It is in that *Extensive Scripture*. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 偈说言： “阿若居邻等， 如是五比丘， 六十亿诸天， 皆得法眼净； 八十亿色天， 净无上法眼； 净胜法眼人， 八万四千亿。”
Chinese
以要言之，众生住持示说众生，法住持者示现说法。又复有义：众生住持，示现令知众生心行八万四千；法住持者，示现令知八万四千法聚光明多所饶益。又复有义：众生住持，此为示现众生平等；法住持者，示法平等。又复此二，世谛示现。 转法轮经优波提舍一卷 现代汉语译本： 偈语说： ‘阿若憍陈如（Ajñata Kaundinya）等，像这样的五比丘， 六十亿诸天，都获得了清净的法眼； 八十亿色界天，清净无上法眼； 清净殊胜法眼的人，有八万四千亿。’ 总而言之，众生住持是指示说众生，法住持是指示现说法。还有一种解释：众生住持，是指示让众生了解众生的心行有八万四千种；法住持，是指示让众生了解八万四千法聚的光明，能带来许多利益。还有一种解释：众生住持，这是为了显示众生平等；法住持，是指示法的平等。而且这两种住持，都是世俗谛的示现。 《转法轮经》优波提舍一卷
English
English version: The verse says: ‘Ajñata Kaundinya and the other five Bhikkhus, Sixty billion Devas, All obtained the pure Dharma Eye; Eighty billion Rupa Devas, Pured the unsurpassed Dharma Eye; Those with pure and supreme Dharma Eye, Number eighty-four trillion.’ In short, 'beings upholding' refers to showing and speaking about beings, and 'Dharma upholding' refers to manifesting and expounding the Dharma. Furthermore, there is another meaning: 'beings upholding' means showing and enabling beings to understand the eighty-four thousand mental activities of beings; 'Dharma upholding' means showing and enabling beings to understand the light of the eighty-four thousand Dharma aggregates, which brings many benefits. Furthermore, there is another meaning: 'beings upholding' is to show the equality of beings; 'Dharma upholding' is to show the equality of the Dharma. Moreover, these two upholdings are manifestations of conventional truth (Samvriti-satya). Upadesha, one fascicle, of the Sutra of Turning the Wheel of Dharma. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------