English
English version: It should be returned to the original owner. If the original owner is not present or unwilling to accept it, it should be donated to the Sangha (community of monks). The king's clothes and the clothes of the king's ministers should be donated to the Sangha. All clothes and other items belonging to the Kushayaba (a Buddhist school) school's precepts should be donated to the Sangha. A bowl that has been kept for more than ten days has two uses; the five methods of repairing a bowl are as described in the Vinaya (monastic rules), and should be understood in order. Clothes obtained from the weaver's school should be donated to the Sangha. If a bhikkhu (monk) is offered many clothes, he should accept them if he wishes, wearing one and using one as a robe. If he accepts more than this, it constitutes a Nissaggiya (an offense requiring forfeiture), and should be returned to the owner. Ghee (clarified butter) and other items have two uses; if clothes have been given to a bhikkhu and then taken back in anger, they should be returned to the bhikkhu who was angered. If one diverts alms that should have gone to the Sangha for oneself, it should be returned to the Sangha. Summer bathing clothes, clothes for times of difficulty, and clothes left after the Vassa (rainy season retreat) have two uses. Thus, if one understands these meanings regarding Nissaggiya matters and the methods of rectification, one will be clear about the Vinaya. The verse says: 'Well able to discern the eight Garudhammas (weighty principles).' Explanation: There are eight Garudhammas: 1. A bhikkhuni (nun) must request Upasampada (higher ordination) from the Sangha of bhikkhus. 2. If a bhikkhuni has been ordained for a hundred years, and a bhikkhu is ordained on that day, the bhikkhuni must pay respects to the bhikkhu. 3. Every half-month, one should go to the Sangha of bhikkhus to receive instruction in the eight Garudhammas. 4. If a bhikkhuni violates any of the Garudhammas, she should perform the Manatta (period of probation) in both Sanghas (bhikkhu and bhikkhuni Sanghas). 5. A bhikkhuni must not revile or slander a bhikkhu. 6. A bhikkhuni must not question bhikkhus or teach bhikkhus. 7. If there are no bhikkhus in the dwelling place, bhikkhunis must not observe the Vassa. 8. When the bhikkhuni has completed the Vassa, she should request the Sangha of bhikkhus to speak on three grounds (sight, hearing, suspicion), and properly receive the Sangha's correct instruction. These eight Garudhammas, their individual characteristics, common characteristics, many names, meanings, etc., are explained in detail in the section on establishing the Garudhamma precepts, and should be understood. The verse says: 'Understanding the characteristics, order, and methods of correct teaching.' Explanation: In the teaching of bhikkhunis, if a bhikkhu possesses five qualities and his precepts correspond to nine qualities, the assembly harmoniously requests this bhikkhu --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
作比丘尼教羯磨。若比丘受请，僧作听许羯磨。或比丘尼众、或相代比丘尼正布萨时，于大众中请此比丘，是时比丘僧亦请此比丘，此比丘为二部僧所请。此比丘若欲为比丘尼说教法布萨，界内在大众中，应更请此比丘。此比丘作，如律文所说次第。若略说：“妹！汝等如此教应学。”若受羯磨竟不教比丘尼，犯波罗逸尼柯及独柯多。若不受羯磨、或无如此人，大比丘众应向比丘尼说此言：“比丘尼！无人能教汝等。是故汝等应如律如法好行令成就。” 偈曰：于宿住等四地中解方。 释曰：地有四种：一宿住地、二已行宿住地、三摩捺多地、四已行摩捺多地。 偈曰：及五依羯磨。 释曰：所依事有五，能依羯磨亦有五。若比丘心高，不敬计他大众，为此人作怖畏羯磨。若比丘未明了律中罪非罪、阿毗达磨中灭非灭，或离依止、或受沙弥依止，及作大戒、依学，于明了人所作练磨羯磨，若比丘于僧住处起恶污行，作驱出羯磨。若比丘于在家人边呵毁佛法僧，作械除辞谢羯磨。若比丘不见自有罪、若见不肯行对治法、或不舍邪见，作不共住羯磨。若人解此二处方法，则于律明了。 偈曰：善解至得五种类。 释曰：有物眼所至得、非身所至得入算数；有物身所至得、非眼所至得 现代汉语译本： 为比丘尼做羯磨（Kamma，业）。如果比丘接受邀请，僧团应做听许羯磨。或者比丘尼僧团，或者代替的比丘尼正在进行布萨（Uposatha，斋戒）时，在大众中邀请这位比丘，这时比丘僧团也邀请这位比丘，这位比丘就被两部僧团邀请。如果这位比丘想要为比丘尼说法布萨，在界内的大众中，应该再次邀请这位比丘。这位比丘按照律文所说的次第进行。如果简略地说：‘姐妹们！你们应该如此学习教法。’如果接受羯磨后不教导比丘尼，就犯波罗夷（Parajika，断头罪）和偷兰遮（Thullaccaya，重罪）。如果不接受羯磨，或者没有这样的人，大比丘僧团应该对比丘尼说：‘比丘尼们！没有人能教导你们。因此你们应该如律如法好好修行，令成就。’ 偈颂说：于宿住等四地中解方。 解释说：地有四种：一是宿住地，二是已行宿住地，三是摩那埵（Manatta，忏悔）地，四是已行摩那埵地。 偈颂说：及五依羯磨。 解释说：所依之事有五种，能依的羯磨也有五种。如果比丘心高气傲，不尊敬其他大众，为此人做怖畏羯磨。如果比丘不明白律中的罪与非罪，阿毗达磨（Abhidhamma，论藏）中的灭与非灭，或者离开依止，或者接受沙弥（Sramanera，沙弥）的依止，以及做大戒、依学，对于明白的人所作的练磨羯磨。如果比丘在僧团住处做出恶劣污秽的行为，做驱出羯磨。如果比丘在在家人面前呵斥毁谤佛法僧，做械除辞谢羯磨。如果比丘不见自己有罪，即使见到也不肯实行对治之法，或者不舍弃邪见，做不共住羯磨。如果有人了解这两种方法，那么对于戒律就明白了。 偈颂说：善解至得五种类。 解释说：有些东西眼睛可以达到，身体不能达到，可以算作；有些东西身体可以达到，眼睛不能达到。
English
English version: Perform Kamma (Kamma, action/deed) for Bhikkhunis (female monks). If a Bhikkhu (male monk) accepts an invitation, the Sangha (monastic community) should perform a Kamma of permission. Alternatively, if a Bhikkhuni Sangha or a substitute Bhikkhuni is observing Uposatha (Uposatha, day of observance), they should invite this Bhikkhu in the assembly. At this time, the Bhikkhu Sangha also invites this Bhikkhu, and this Bhikkhu is invited by both Sanghas. If this Bhikkhu wishes to teach the Dhamma (teachings) and observe Uposatha for the Bhikkhunis, he should be invited again in the assembly within the boundary. This Bhikkhu should proceed according to the order described in the Vinaya (monastic rules). If he says briefly: 'Sisters! You should learn the teachings in this way.' If, after accepting the Kamma, he does not teach the Bhikkhunis, he commits a Parajika (Parajika, defeat) and a Thullaccaya (Thullaccaya, grave offense). If he does not accept the Kamma, or if there is no such person, the great Bhikkhu Sangha should say to the Bhikkhunis: 'Bhikkhunis! There is no one who can teach you. Therefore, you should practice well according to the Vinaya and the Dharma (law), so that you may achieve accomplishment.' The verse says: Understand the methods in the four stages such as past dwelling. The explanation says: There are four kinds of stages: first, the stage of past dwelling; second, the stage of having practiced past dwelling; third, the stage of Manatta (Manatta, penance); fourth, the stage of having practiced Manatta. The verse says: And the five dependent Kamma. The explanation says: There are five kinds of dependent matters, and there are also five kinds of dependent Kamma. If a Bhikkhu is arrogant and does not respect other assemblies, a Kamma of fear is performed for this person. If a Bhikkhu does not understand what is a crime and what is not a crime in the Vinaya, what is cessation and what is not cessation in the Abhidhamma (Abhidhamma, higher teachings), or leaves dependence, or accepts the dependence of a Sramanera (Sramanera, novice), and performs the great precepts and dependence on learning, a Kamma of refinement is performed for those who understand. If a Bhikkhu commits evil and defiled acts in the Sangha's dwelling place, a Kamma of expulsion is performed. If a Bhikkhu scolds and slanders the Buddha (Buddha, enlightened one), the Dharma, and the Sangha in front of laypeople, a Kamma of stripping off and apologizing is performed. If a Bhikkhu does not see his own faults, or if he sees them but is unwilling to practice the remedies, or does not abandon wrong views, a Kamma of non-communion is performed. If someone understands these two methods, then he will be clear about the precepts. The verse says: Understand well to attain five kinds. The explanation says: Some things can be attained by the eyes but not by the body, and can be counted; some things can be attained by the body but not by the eyes. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
入算数；有物眼身所至得入算数；有物非二所至得入算数；有物眼身所至得不入算数。若人不许受，是名五种至得。 偈曰：解过毗尼有五门。 释曰：过律学处罪有五门：一不明了、二烦恼最重起、三忌失正念、四恶知识、五无信乐心。 偈曰：依入及界所生罪，解如世间所决判。 释曰：世间所立、法尔道理，入及界，有属自、有属他，有轻有重。若比丘约眼耳鼻舌身心因缘，于六尘起不如行，或犯重罪、或犯轻罪，若人食毒、或为蛇所螫。犯如此罪，若人偷地界水界火界风界空界等，亦犯波罗夷。此悉从盗戒判。若人善解从入界所生罪，则于律明了。 偈曰：解八种拔迦絺那。 释曰：律中说拔除迦絺那衣羯磨，有八种：一竟边、二成就边、三出离边、四失边、五间边、六过住边、七断望边、八共拔除边。拔除迦絺那有如此八种。 偈曰：及迦絺那五功德。 释曰：受迦絺那人有五种功德：一杂乱衣、二不离三衣、三一着一披得入聚落、四不白比丘得入聚落、五不观因缘得共众食。 偈曰：善解二守。 释曰：若人已受迦絺那，出界外，或不得衣，由有二种守迦絺那功德流：一由衣守、二由住处守。 偈曰：不得戒二十人。 释曰 现代汉语译本 入算数：有些事物通过眼睛和身体的接触可以被计算在内；有些事物不通过二者的接触也可以被计算在内；有些事物通过眼睛和身体的接触不能被计算在内。如果人们不允许接受，这被称为五种至得。 偈曰：解决过失的毗尼（Vinaya，戒律）有五种途径。 释曰：关于违犯戒律学处的罪过，有五种途径：一是不够明了，二是烦恼极其严重，三是忘记或失去正念，四是受到恶知识的影响，五是没有信心和喜乐心。 偈曰：依据根、入和界所产生的罪过，按照世间的判决来解决。 释曰：世间所建立的、法尔如是的道理，根、入和界，有些属于自身，有些属于他人，有些轻微，有些严重。如果比丘因为眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、心的因缘，对六尘产生不如法的行为，或者犯下重罪，或者犯下轻罪，就像人吃了毒药，或者被蛇咬伤一样。犯下这样的罪过，就像人偷盗地界、水界、火界、风界、空界等，也犯了波罗夷（Pārājika，断头罪）。这些都从盗戒来判断。如果人能够很好地理解从根、入、界所产生的罪过，那么对于戒律就会很明了。 偈曰：理解八种拔迦絺那（uddhāra-kathina，解除功德衣）的方法。 释曰：戒律中说拔除迦絺那衣羯磨（kathina-civara-kamma，功德衣羯磨）有八种情况：一是到达边界，二是成就边界，三是出离边界，四是失去，五是间隔，六是过度居住，七是断绝希望，八是共同拔除。拔除迦絺那有这八种情况。 偈曰：以及迦絺那（kathina，功德衣）的五种功德。 释曰：接受迦絺那的人有五种功德：一是得到杂乱的衣服，二是不必与三衣分离，三是可以穿着一件内衣和一件外衣进入村落，四是不需要告知比丘就可以进入村落，五是不观察因缘就可以和大众一起吃饭。 偈曰：善于理解两种守护。 释曰：如果有人已经接受了迦絺那，出了边界外，或者没有得到衣服，由于有两种守护迦絺那功德的途径：一是通过衣服守护，二是通过住所守护。 偈曰：不得戒的二十种人。 释曰
English
English version Entering into calculation: Some things can be included in the calculation through the contact of the eye and body; some things can be included in the calculation without the contact of the two; some things cannot be included in the calculation through the contact of the eye and body. If people do not allow acceptance, this is called the five kinds of attainment. Verse: There are five ways to resolve transgressions of the Vinaya (discipline). Explanation: Regarding the transgressions of the disciplinary precepts, there are five ways: 1. Lack of clarity; 2. Arising from extremely heavy afflictions; 3. Forgetting or losing mindfulness; 4. Being influenced by bad companions; 5. Lacking faith and joy. Verse: Sins arising from the bases, entrances, and realms should be resolved according to worldly judgments. Explanation: The principles established in the world, the natural order of things, the bases, entrances, and realms, some belong to oneself, some belong to others, some are light, and some are heavy. If a Bhikkhu, due to the conditions of eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind, engages in improper conduct towards the six objects of sense, either committing a serious offense or a minor offense, it is like a person eating poison or being bitten by a snake. Committing such offenses, like a person stealing the earth element, water element, fire element, wind element, space element, etc., also constitutes a Pārājika (defeat). These are all judged according to the precept against stealing. If a person can well understand the sins arising from the bases, entrances, and realms, then they will be clear about the discipline. Verse: Understand the eight ways of removing the Kathina (uddhāra-kathina, removal of the Kathina cloth). Explanation: The Vinaya states that there are eight situations for removing the Kathina-civara-kamma (Kathina cloth ceremony): 1. Reaching the boundary; 2. Accomplishing the boundary; 3. Departing from the boundary; 4. Loss; 5. Interruption; 6. Overstaying; 7. Severing hope; 8. Joint removal. There are these eight ways to remove the Kathina. Verse: And the five merits of the Kathina (Kathina cloth). Explanation: A person who has received the Kathina has five merits: 1. Obtaining miscellaneous robes; 2. Not having to be separated from the three robes; 3. Being able to enter villages wearing one undergarment and one outer garment; 4. Being able to enter villages without informing the Bhikkhus; 5. Being able to eat with the assembly without observing the conditions. Verse: Skillfully understand the two protections. Explanation: If someone has received the Kathina and goes outside the boundary, or does not obtain robes, there are two ways to protect the merits of the Kathina: 1. Protection through the robe; 2. Protection through the dwelling place. Verse: Twenty types of people who cannot receive ordination. Explanation: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------