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大正藏第 17 册 No. 0742 佛说自爱经 No. 742 佛说自爱经 东晋天竺三藏竺昙无兰译 闻如是： 一时佛在舍卫国祇树给孤独园。时国王诣佛所，遥见精舍，下车却盖，解剑脱履，拱手直进，五体投地，稽首足下，却长跪白：“愿以来日于四街道请佛及僧，施设微食！普令愚民知佛至尊，睹其仪式，传世为则。愿使众生远鬼妖蛊，悉奉五戒，以消国患！” 世尊曰：“善哉，善哉！夫为国王，宜有明导，率民以道，请求来福。吾昔为王，亦奉诸佛、沙门、梵志，常行四等、六度，勤以致佛，巍巍无上。” 王曰：“至真诚如佛教，夫不种核无缘获其果，吾受佛恩生世为人，去女即男，六情完具，景福之会值佛处世，盛明法化在于吾国，积善难量，乞退严办。” 世尊曰：“善哉，善哉！” 王即还宫，平治大道，高下齐平；广设帐幔，竖诸幢幡。自彼四衢至精舍门，挟道栏楯，罗灯如星，步有香炉；天乐众伎，歌佛至尊之灵，咨嗟沙门清贞之德；散华杂宝，纷纷如雨，香汤洒地，却敷綩綖。王亲通夜，手自为馔，身往奉迎，稽首于地，长跪曰：“愿世尊垂大慈，现影则济众生！” 佛起着法服，与诸沙门俱之四衢。王 现代汉语译本 《佛说自爱经》 竺昙无兰（Zhu Tanwulan）译于东晋时代 我听闻是这样的： 一时，佛陀在舍卫国（Śrāvastī）的祇树给孤独园（Jetavana Anathapindika-arama）。当时，国王前往佛陀所在之处，远远地看见精舍，便下车收起车盖，解下佩剑脱掉鞋子，拱手笔直地走上前去，五体投地，以头顶礼佛足，然后长跪禀告说：‘希望能在明日于四通八达的街道上，迎请佛陀和僧众，略备饮食供养！普遍让愚昧的百姓知道佛陀的至高无上，看到这样的仪式，世代相传作为法则。希望使众生远离鬼怪妖邪的迷惑，全部奉行五戒，以此来消除国家的灾患！’ 世尊说：‘好啊，好啊！作为国王，应该有贤明的引导，用正道来带领百姓，祈求未来的福报。我过去做国王时，也奉事诸佛、沙门（Śrāmaṇa，出家求道者）、梵志（Brahmana，婆罗门修行者），经常实行四等心（慈、悲、喜、舍）和六度（布施、持戒、忍辱、精进、禅定、智慧），勤奋修行以成就佛果，达到巍巍无上的境界。’ 国王说：‘至真至诚确实如佛陀所教导的，不播种果核就没有机会获得果实。我蒙受佛陀的恩德，降生为人，脱离女身而为男身，六根完好具备，在这吉祥的时刻遇到佛陀出世，盛大的光明教化出现在我的国家，所积累的善行难以衡量，请允许我退下，准备各项事宜。’ 世尊说：‘好啊，好啊！’ 国王随即返回王宫，平整修治道路，使高低平坦；广泛设置帐幔，竖立各种幢幡。从那四通八达的街道到精舍的门口，道路两旁设置栏杆，排列灯火如繁星，每走一步就有一个香炉；天乐和各种伎乐演奏，歌颂佛陀至尊的灵德，赞叹沙门清净贞洁的德行；散布鲜花和各种珍宝，纷纷扬扬如下雨一般，用香汤洒在地上，然后铺设华丽的坐具。国王亲自整夜操劳，亲手准备饮食，亲自前去迎接，稽首于地，长跪禀告说：‘希望世尊垂怜大慈悲，显现身影来救济众生！’ 佛陀起身穿上法衣，与众沙门一同前往四衢。国王
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English version The Sutra of Self-Love Spoken by the Buddha Translated by the Tripiṭaka Master Zhu Tanwulan (竺曇無蘭) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Thus have I heard: At one time, the Buddha was in the Jetavana Anathapindika-arama (祇樹給孤獨園) in Śrāvastī (舍衛國). At that time, the king went to where the Buddha was. Seeing the vihara (精舍) from afar, he alighted from his chariot, put away the canopy, unfastened his sword, took off his shoes, clasped his hands, and walked straight forward. He prostrated himself with his five limbs touching the ground, bowed his head at the Buddha's feet, and then knelt on his knees and said, 'I wish to invite the Buddha and the Sangha (僧) to the four crossroads tomorrow, and offer a humble meal! May the ignorant people universally know the supreme dignity of the Buddha, witness this ceremony, and pass it down through the generations as a rule. May all sentient beings be far away from the bewilderment of ghosts and demons, and all uphold the Five Precepts, in order to eliminate the calamities of the country!' The World-Honored One said, 'Excellent, excellent! As a king, one should have wise guidance, lead the people with the right path, and seek future blessings. In the past, when I was a king, I also served all the Buddhas, Śrāmaṇas (沙門, renunciates seeking the path), and Brahmanas (梵志, Brahmin practitioners), and constantly practiced the Four Immeasurables (慈、悲、喜、捨, loving-kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity) and the Six Perfections (布施、持戒、忍辱、精進、禪定、智慧, generosity, morality, patience, diligence, concentration, and wisdom), diligently cultivating to attain Buddhahood, reaching the supreme and unsurpassed state.' The king said, 'The truth is indeed as the Buddha teaches. Without planting the seed, there is no chance of obtaining the fruit. I have received the Buddha's grace, being born into this world as a man, having been freed from a female body, with the six senses complete and perfect. At this auspicious moment, I have encountered the Buddha appearing in the world, and the great and bright teachings are flourishing in my country. The accumulated good deeds are immeasurable. Please allow me to withdraw and prepare all the arrangements.' The World-Honored One said, 'Excellent, excellent!' The king then returned to the palace, leveled and repaired the roads, making them smooth and even. He widely set up canopies and erected various banners. From the four crossroads to the gate of the vihara, railings were set up on both sides of the road, and lamps were arranged like stars. There was an incense burner every few steps. Heavenly music and various performances were played, praising the supreme virtue of the Buddha, and extolling the pure and virtuous conduct of the Śrāmaṇas. Flowers and various treasures were scattered, falling like rain. Fragrant water was sprinkled on the ground, and then luxurious carpets were laid out. The king personally toiled throughout the night, preparing the food himself, and went to greet the Buddha in person, bowing his head to the ground, and kneeling on his knees, he said, 'May the World-Honored One bestow great compassion and manifest your presence to save all sentient beings!' The Buddha arose, put on his Dharma robes, and went to the four crossroads with the Śrāmaṇas. The king --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
及群臣翼从左右，佛至就座。夫人、太子皆稽首于地，攘衣跣袜。行澡水已，手自斟酌。佛饭毕，稽首曰：“今设微食，愿天人、鬼、龙、蜎蜚、蚑行、蠕动之类，令世世逢佛、逢法、逢沙门众，去世秽臊，怀佛正真。” 佛言：“善哉！王为民父母，润之以慈，导以大明，所愿必得！” 王曰：“普地之民，当别之际，咸曰自爱。自爱之义，其有要乎？” 世尊叹曰：“善哉问也！夫人处世，心怀毒念，口施毒言，身行毒业，斯三事出于心、身、口，唱成其恶，以加众生。众生被毒，即结怨恨，誓心欲报，或现世获；或身终后，魂灵升天，即下报之。人中、畜生、鬼、神、太山，更相克贼，皆由宿命，非空生也。身三、口四、意三无恶，愚者恣之，不孝其亲；敬奉鬼妖，淫乱酒悖，就下贱之浊，以致危身灭族之祸，死入太山汤火之酷，长不获人身，去佛远正，不乐沙门之清戒，常与愚会。斯谓乐危亡之祸，不自爱者也！” 王曰：“善，善！唯佛教诫，愿闻自爱，其则云何？” 佛言：“自爱之法，先三自归，以法养亲；慈爱人物，悲愍愚惑；见正喜进，平等普护；安济众生，施斯四恩；布施穷乏，众生无怨；诸天祐育，众横不加；牢狱、利剑、诸毒消歇；亲安族兴，生无灾患；死 现代汉语译本：国王和群臣簇拥着佛陀，佛陀走到座位上。夫人和太子都跪拜在地，整理衣裳，脱去袜子。清洗完毕后，亲自斟茶倒水。佛陀用饭完毕，国王跪拜说：‘今天准备了粗陋的饭食，希望天人、鬼、龙、飞虫、爬虫、蠕动之类，都能世世代代遇到佛、遇到佛法、遇到僧众，去除污秽腥臭，心怀佛陀的正真教义。’ 佛陀说：‘好啊！国王作为百姓的父母，用慈爱滋润他们，用大光明引导他们，所希望的必定能够得到！’ 国王说：‘这片土地上的人民，在面临分别的时候，都说要自爱。自爱的意义，其中有什么要点吗？’ 世尊赞叹说：‘问得好啊！世人处世，心中怀有恶毒的念头，口中说出恶毒的言语，身上做出恶毒的行为，这三件事从心、身、口而出，最终酿成恶果，施加给众生。众生受到毒害，就会结下怨恨，发誓要报复，或者现世就报复；或者身死之后，魂灵升天，就下界报复。人、畜生、鬼、神、地狱，互相残害，都是由于前世的因缘，不是凭空产生的。身三恶、口四恶、意三恶，愚蠢的人放纵自己，不孝顺父母；敬奉鬼怪，沉迷酒悖，沉溺于污浊之中，以至于招致危身灭族的祸患，死后进入地狱遭受汤火的酷刑，长久不能获得人身，远离佛陀和正法，不喜好僧众的清净戒律，常常与愚蠢的人在一起。这就是喜欢危亡的祸患，不自爱的人啊！’ 国王说：‘好，好！希望佛陀教诲，我想知道自爱的法则，是怎样的呢？’ 佛陀说：‘自爱的方法，首先是三自归依（皈依佛，皈依法，皈依僧），用佛法供养父母；慈爱人和动物，怜悯愚昧迷惑的人；见到正法就欢喜并精进，平等地保护一切众生；安定救济众生，给予这四种恩惠；布施给贫穷困乏的人，使众生没有怨恨；诸天神灵保佑养育，各种横祸不会降临；牢狱之灾、利剑之伤、各种毒害都会消散；亲人平安，家族兴旺，活着没有灾难，死后’
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English version: The king and his ministers attended the Buddha, who proceeded to his seat. The queen and the crown prince prostrated themselves on the ground, arranging their robes and removing their socks. After the ritual washing, they personally poured tea and water. Once the Buddha had finished his meal, the king bowed and said, 'Today, we have prepared a humble meal, hoping that gods, humans, ghosts, dragons, flying insects, crawling creatures, and all living beings may, in every lifetime, encounter the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha, eliminating defilement and embracing the Buddha's true teachings.' The Buddha said, 'Excellent! As a parent to your people, you nourish them with compassion and guide them with great wisdom. Your wishes will surely be fulfilled!' The king asked, 'When the people of this land face separation, they all speak of self-love. What are the essential aspects of self-love?' The World-Honored One praised, 'An excellent question! People in this world harbor poisonous thoughts, utter poisonous words, and commit poisonous deeds. These three actions originate from the mind, speech, and body, ultimately leading to evil consequences that are inflicted upon all beings. When beings are poisoned, they harbor resentment and vow revenge, either in this life or after death, when their spirits ascend to the heavens and return to exact retribution. Humans, animals, ghosts, gods, and hell beings harm each other, all due to past karma, not arising from nothing. The three evils of the body, the four evils of speech, and the three evils of the mind are indulged by the foolish, who are disrespectful to their parents, worship demons, indulge in drunken revelry, and wallow in impurity, leading to personal ruin and the destruction of their families. After death, they enter hell and suffer the torments of boiling water and fire, unable to attain human form for a long time, far from the Buddha and the true Dharma, disliking the pure precepts of the Sangha, and constantly associating with the foolish. These are those who delight in the dangers of ruin and do not love themselves!' The king said, 'Good, good! I beseech the Buddha to teach me the principles of self-love. What are they?' The Buddha said, 'The method of self-love begins with taking refuge in the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma, Sangha), supporting one's parents with the Dharma, loving people and animals, having compassion for the ignorant and deluded, rejoicing in and advancing towards the true Dharma, equally protecting all beings, bringing peace and salvation to all, bestowing these four kinds of grace, giving alms to the poor and needy so that beings have no resentment, receiving the protection and nurturing of the gods, preventing all kinds of unexpected disasters, dissolving the calamities of prison, sharp swords, and all kinds of poisons, ensuring the peace of relatives and the prosperity of the family, living without calamity, and dying' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 得上天，常与明会，斯谓自爱者也！” 王曰：“善哉，唯佛教诫！”
Chinese
“诚高行贤者，清贞守真；秽利、邪乐不以染心；口四不言，三凶远身；危命全行，诸佛所珍；亲安族兴，终得上天；常得福会，斯谓自爱者也！” 王曰：“善哉，唯佛教真！” “众毒横加，忍默不说；慈恻愍彼，终始济之；精进不怠，绍心三尊；外静内寂，殖念道根；深观圣趣，明化真言；孝亲济已，导众使然；常与福会，斯谓自爱者也！” 王曰：“善哉，唯佛教真！” 观者无数，时有两商人，一人念曰：“佛身丈六，华色紫金，顶有肉髻，项有日光，巍巍难言。佛如帝王，沙门犹忠臣。佛陈明法，沙门诵宣。斯王明矣，知佛可尊！”佛知其念，熟视之。其人心喜，喜如获宝。其一人念曰：“斯王愚惑，尔为国主，将复何求？佛者若牛，弟子犹车。彼牛牵车，东西南北，佛亦犹然。子有何道，屈意奉之乎？”佛知其有恶念，必获其殃，怆然愍之。其人心惧，若有所遭。 二人俱去，三十里停宿，沽酒饮之，共平属事，讼之纷纷。其善念者，四王遣善神护焉；毒心谤佛者，太山鬼令酒入肠，犹火烧身。出停路卧，即宛转落车辙中。晨有商人，车五百乘，轹杀之焉。伴求而见，其然曰：“吾衰 现代汉语译本： ‘能够升上天界，经常与光明相会，这就可以称作是自爱的人！’ 国王说：‘说得好啊，只有佛陀的教诲才是真理！’ ‘真正品行高尚贤明的人，清廉贞洁，坚守真理；污秽的利益、邪恶的快乐不能污染他的心；口中不说四种恶语，远离三种恶行；即使危及生命也要成全善行，这是诸佛所珍视的；亲人安乐，家族兴旺，最终能够升上天界；经常得到福报的聚会，这就可以称作是自爱的人！’ 国王说：‘说得好啊，只有佛陀的教诲才是真理！’ ‘各种毒害横加于身，也能忍耐沉默不语；以慈悲之心怜悯他人，自始至终救济他们；精进不懈怠，继承和发扬三宝（San Bao）[佛(Fo)，法(Fa)，僧(Seng)]的教义；外表安静内心寂静，培养正念的道根；深刻观察圣人的意趣，明白教化众生的真实语言；孝顺父母，救济自己，引导众人也这样做；经常与福报相会，这就可以称作是自爱的人！’ 国王说：‘说得好啊，只有佛陀的教诲才是真理！’ 观看的人无数，当时有两个商人，其中一人心想：‘佛陀的身躯高一丈六尺，身色如同紫磨真金，头顶有肉髻（Rouji），颈项有日光，多么高大庄严难以言说。佛陀就像帝王，沙门（Shamen）[出家的修行人]就像忠臣。佛陀宣说光明的佛法，沙门诵读宣扬。这位国王真是英明啊，知道佛陀是值得尊敬的！’佛陀知道他的想法，仔细地看着他。那人心生欢喜，欢喜得就像得到了珍宝。 另一个人心想：‘这位国王真是愚蠢迷惑，你身为一国之主，还要追求什么呢？佛陀就像牛，弟子就像车。那牛牵着车，东西南北地走，佛陀也是这样。你有什么道理，要屈尊去侍奉他呢？’佛陀知道他有恶念，必定会遭受灾殃，悲伤地怜悯他。那人心生恐惧，好像遇到了什么灾祸。 两个人一起离开，走了三十里路停下来住宿，买酒来喝，共同商议处理事务，争论纷纷。那个心怀善念的人，四大天王（Si Da Tianwang）派遣善神来保护他；那个心怀恶念诽谤佛陀的人，泰山（Taishan）的鬼神使酒进入他的肠子，就像火烧身体一样。他走出客栈停在路边睡觉，随即翻滚落入车辙中。早晨有个商人，赶着五百辆车，把他碾死了。他的同伴寻找他，发现了他的尸体，感叹地说：‘我真倒霉啊！’