Chinese
大正藏第 17 册 No. 0731 佛说十八泥犁经 No. 731 佛说十八泥犁经 后汉安息国三藏安世高译 佛言：“人生见日少，不见日多，善恶之变，不相类。侮父母，犯天子，死入泥犁，中有深浅，火泥犁有八，寒泥犁有十。入地半以下火泥犁，天地际者寒泥犁。有前恶后为善，不入泥犁。杀人盗人，欺犯人妻，欲使人死望得其财物，垢且贼，好为不善，怒骂人，榜笞系人，喜告彰人过失，嫉妒言怒，所使怒发，鬲逆天地鬼神之类，殊失寿死，下入恶泥犁中。后复变为善，有不入泥犁中者，知佛道变，虽入泥犁中，必当上天。本善者上泥洹，故曰佛道不可不知。小人不变为善，入泥犁中无乐，入泥犁复不善，入泥犁益深。其类有得为人，虽刚恶，不杀、好生，为人疾；不食肉者，为益疾；有阴德，益寿且疾。 “第一犁名曰先就乎，而是人言起无死。人居此犁中，相见即欲斗，乎中无兵而自有兵，相伤杀无岁数又不死。有人来语起不死，以风来吹即愈。如是无岁数，已复持热铁剑相伤杀，已复用铁椎相杀，以手拳极利相伤，久久无岁数，是其类。其人长且大，寿人间三千七百五十岁为一日，三十日为一月，十二月为一岁，万岁为人间百三十五亿岁。 现代汉语译本 佛说：‘人活在世上见到太阳的日子少，见不到太阳的日子多，善与恶的变化，截然不同。’ 侮辱父母，冒犯君王，死后堕入泥犁（naraka，地狱），其中有深浅之分。火泥犁（hot hells）有八种，寒泥犁（cold hells）有十种。进入地下一半以下的是火泥犁，接近天地交界的是寒泥犁。有人先前作恶，后来行善，就不会堕入泥犁。杀人、盗窃、欺骗奸污妇女，想要别人死以图谋其财物，污秽且像盗贼一样，喜欢做坏事，愤怒地谩骂别人，鞭打捆绑别人，喜欢宣扬别人的过失，嫉妒而恶语相向，被驱使而发怒，违逆天地鬼神之类，导致减损寿命而死，死后堕入恶泥犁中。后来又转变为行善，也有不堕入泥犁中的。知道佛法的变化，即使堕入泥犁中，必定能够升上天界。原本就善良的人，上升到泥洹（nirvana，涅槃），所以说佛法不可不知。小人不改变为善，堕入泥犁中没有快乐，堕入泥犁后仍然不向善，堕入泥犁就越深。这类人中有可能转世为人，即使刚强凶恶，如果不杀生、喜好生灵，为人也会多病；不吃肉的人，会更加少病；有阴德的人，会更加长寿且少病。 ‘第一种泥犁名叫先就乎（Sianjiuhu），这里的人说没有死亡。人居住在这个泥犁中，相见就想争斗，泥犁中没有兵器却自然有兵器，互相伤害杀戮没有年岁限制也不会死亡。有人来告诉他们就不会死，用风来吹拂就能痊愈。像这样没有年岁限制，又拿着烧红的铁剑互相伤害杀戮，又用铁椎互相杀戮，用手拳极其厉害地互相伤害，长久地没有年岁限制，这就是他们的状况。那里的人又高又大，寿命以人间的三千七百五十岁为一日，三十日为一月，十二月为一年，一万岁相当于人间一百三十五亿岁。’
English
English version The Buddha said: 'People see the sun for few days in their lives, and more days when they do not see the sun. The changes between good and evil are dissimilar.' Insulting parents and offending the sovereign, after death, one falls into Naraka (hell), which has varying depths. There are eight types of hot hells and ten types of cold hells. Entering halfway below the earth is the hot hell, and near the boundary of heaven and earth is the cold hell. If someone previously did evil but later does good, they will not fall into Naraka. Killing, stealing, deceiving and violating women, desiring someone's death to seize their property, being filthy and like a thief, enjoying doing bad things, angrily cursing others, whipping and binding others, delighting in publicizing others' faults, being jealous and speaking angrily, being driven to anger, and defying the likes of heaven, earth, ghosts, and spirits, leading to diminished lifespan and death, after death, one falls into the evil Naraka. Later, if one transforms to doing good, there are those who do not fall into Naraka. Knowing the transformations of the Buddha's teachings, even if one falls into Naraka, they will surely ascend to heaven. Those who are originally good ascend to Nirvana, therefore it is said that the Buddha's teachings must not be unknown. If a petty person does not change to doing good, there is no joy in falling into Naraka. If one does not do good even after falling into Naraka, one falls deeper into Naraka. Among these, there are those who may be reborn as humans, and even if they are strong and evil, if they do not kill and love living beings, they will be prone to illness; those who do not eat meat will be even less prone to illness; those who have hidden virtues will be even longer-lived and less prone to illness. 'The first Naraka is called Sianjiuhu, and the people here say there is no death. People living in this Naraka want to fight as soon as they see each other. There are no weapons in the Naraka, but weapons appear naturally. They injure and kill each other without limit of years and do not die. Someone comes and tells them they will not die, and they are healed by the wind. Like this, without limit of years, they again hold red-hot iron swords and injure and kill each other, and again kill each other with iron pestles, and injure each other with extremely sharp hand fists, for a long time without limit of years, this is their condition. The people there are tall and large, and their lifespan is such that 3,750 human years is one day, 30 days is one month, 12 months is one year, and 10,000 years is equivalent to 13.5 billion human years.' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
“第二犁名居卢倅略，居卢倅略一苦，当先就乎二十。如人言绳而斗之。人居此犁者，置大火中，赤辄出斗之。以复内火中，赤复出，数行斗之，久久无岁数，复烧之，出而斗之，以为方圆能不死，而复生无岁数，已复走火中无岁数，是其类也。其人长且大，寿人间七千五百岁为一日，三十日为一月，十二月为一岁，二万岁为人间二百七千亿万岁。 “第三犁名桑居都，乘居都一苦，当居卢倅略二十，而人言捶杀。人居此犁者，在火中以热不可言，左右顾见山，山间如乐状，走往入其间，山尽来压之，又不死无岁数。已复置火中，赤复出之无岁数。其人长且大，寿人间万五千岁为一日，三十日为一月，十二月为一岁，寿四万岁为人间五百四十亿岁。 “第四犁名曰楼，楼一苦，当乘居都二十，而人言乐之。人居此犁，城甚大，其中复有小城，人从外见之，中尽有重天，人尽入其中，赤如烧铁。以复内城中，大热不可言，其身肌尽烂，无岁数不得息不得卧，肌骨尽燋，已复生无岁数，是其类。其人长大，寿人间三万岁为一日，三十日为一月，十二月为一岁，寿八万岁为人间千八百亿岁。 “第五犁名曰旁卒，旁卒一苦，当楼二十，而人言烂煮之。人居此犁者，而坑大深浴，满其中火，守犁者用铁杖捶 现代汉语译本 ‘第二种犁名为居卢倅略（Julucuilue），居卢倅略的苦难是一苦，相当于先经历二十次其他苦难。就像人们用绳子来搏斗一样。居住在这种犁里的人，被放置在大火中，烧得通红就出来搏斗。然后又被放回火中，烧红了又出来，多次搏斗，长久没有年岁，又被烧，出来搏斗，以为这样就能不死，能够复生没有年岁，又跑回火中没有年岁，这就是他们的状态。那里的人又高又大，寿命以人间七千五百岁为一天，三十天为一个月，十二个月为一年，二万岁相当于人间二千七百亿岁。 ‘第三种犁名为桑居都（Sangjudu），桑居都的苦难是一苦，相当于居卢倅略的二十倍，就像人们用锤子捶打致死一样。居住在这种犁里的人，在火中热得无法形容，左右环顾看见山，山间好像有快乐的景象，跑过去进入其中，山就倒下来压住他们，又死不了没有年岁。然后又被放置在火中，烧红了又出来没有年岁。那里的人又高又大，寿命以人间一万五千岁为一天，三十天为一个月，十二个月为一年，四万岁相当于人间五百四十亿岁。 ‘第四种犁名为楼（Lou），楼的苦难是一苦，相当于桑居都的二十倍，就像人们享受快乐一样。居住在这种犁里的人，城池非常大，其中又有小城，人们从外面看，里面好像有很多重天，人们都进入其中，像烧红的铁一样。然后又被放入城中，热得无法形容，身上的肌肉都烂掉，没有年岁，不得休息不得睡觉，肌肉骨头都烧焦，然后又复生没有年岁，这就是他们的状态。那里的人高大，寿命以人间三万岁为一天，三十天为一个月，十二个月为一年，八万岁相当于人间一千八百亿岁。 ‘第五种犁名为旁卒（Pangzu），旁卒的苦难是一苦，相当于楼的二十倍，就像人们被煮烂一样。居住在这种犁里的人，有一个又大又深的坑，里面充满了火，看守犁的人用铁杖捶打
English
English version ‘The second plough is named Julucuilue (居卢倅略, name of a hell), the suffering in Julucuilue is one unit of suffering, equivalent to first enduring twenty other sufferings. It is like people fighting with ropes. Those who dwell in this plough are placed in a great fire, and when they are red-hot, they come out to fight. Then they are put back into the fire, and when they are red-hot again, they come out again, fighting many times, for a long time without any years passing. They are burned again, and come out to fight, thinking that in this way they can avoid death, and be reborn without any years passing. Then they run back into the fire without any years passing, such is their state. The people there are tall and large, their lifespan is such that 7,500 human years is one day, thirty days is one month, twelve months is one year, and 20,000 years is equivalent to 270 billion human years. ‘The third plough is named Sangjudu (桑居都, name of a hell), the suffering in Sangjudu is one unit of suffering, equivalent to twenty times that of Julucuilue, like people being beaten to death with hammers. Those who dwell in this plough, in the fire, the heat is indescribable. Looking around, they see mountains, and between the mountains there seems to be a scene of joy. They run towards it and enter, but the mountains collapse and crush them, yet they do not die and there are no years passing. Then they are placed back in the fire, and when they are red-hot, they come out again without any years passing. The people there are tall and large, their lifespan is such that 15,000 human years is one day, thirty days is one month, twelve months is one year, and 40,000 years is equivalent to 540 billion human years. ‘The fourth plough is named Lou (楼, name of a hell), the suffering in Lou is one unit of suffering, equivalent to twenty times that of Sangjudu, like people enjoying pleasure. Those who dwell in this plough, the city is very large, and within it there are smaller cities. People looking from the outside see many layers of heavens within. People all enter into it, and it is like burning iron. Then they are put back into the city, and the heat is indescribable, their flesh rots away completely, without any years passing, they cannot rest or sleep, their flesh and bones are scorched, and then they are reborn without any years passing, such is their state. The people there are tall and large, their lifespan is such that 30,000 human years is one day, thirty days is one month, twelve months is one year, and 80,000 years is equivalent to 1,800 billion human years. ‘The fifth plough is named Pangzu (旁卒, name of a hell), the suffering in Pangzu is one unit of suffering, equivalent to twenty times that of Lou, like people being boiled to a pulp. Those who dwell in this plough, there is a large and deep pit, filled with fire, and the guards of the plough beat them with iron rods --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
而内其中，烧燋人身，尽燋无岁数又不死。积烧而不死，而抱火着人身，死出一浴，复入一浴，如是无数，是其类。其人长且大，寿人间六万岁为一日，三十日为一月，十二月为一岁，寿十六万岁为人间二千一百六十亿岁。 “第六犁名曰草乌卑次，草乌卑次一苦，当旁卒二十，而人言焯热之。人居此者，城高二千里、广四千里，火满其中，置人其中。复以铁覆之无岁数，如是不得息，言不得卧无岁数，燋已复燋，是其类。其人长且大，寿人间十二万岁为一日，三十日为一月，十二月为一岁，寿三十二万岁为人间四千三百二十亿岁。 “第七犁名都意难且，都意难且一苦，当草乌卑次二十，如人言烧炙之与虫。人居此犁中者，大积火如大铁贯人，而内之无岁数。时一门开，人尽往欲出门；门复闭，复堕火中无岁数。已复见一门开，人尽走求欲出；既得出门，又复堕污泥中。污泥中有虫唅，又不得出无岁数，是其类。其人长且大，寿人间二十四万岁为一日，三十日为一月，十二月为一岁，寿六十四万岁为人间八千六百四十亿岁。 “第八犁名曰不卢都般呼，不卢都般呼一苦，当都意难且二十，如人言大苦熟之。居此犁中，地尽有火，卒人当在火中，炮且炙贯，且立卧床，不得去，不得息，烂且燋。已 现代汉语译本：在那里面，火焰燃烧人的身体，一直烧焦却不会死去。积累燃烧却不死，而且抱着火焰附着在人身上，死去一次又进入另一次，像这样无数次，这就是他们的种类。那些人身形高大，寿命以人间六万年为一天，三十天为一个月，十二个月为一年，寿命长达十六万年，相当于人间二百一十六亿岁。 ‘第六层地狱名为草乌卑次（Caowubici，地狱名），草乌卑次一层的痛苦，相当于旁边狱卒的二十倍，人们称之为焯热之苦。居住在这里的人，城池高二千里、宽四千里，火焰充满其中，把人放置在里面。再用铁覆盖住，没有期限，像这样不得休息，说不得安卧，没有期限，烧焦了又烧焦，这就是他们的种类。那些人身形高大，寿命以人间十二万年为一天，三十天为一个月，十二个月为一年，寿命长达三十二万年，相当于人间四百三十二亿岁。 ‘第七层地狱名为都意难且（Douyinanqie，地狱名），都意难且一层的痛苦，相当于草乌卑次的二十倍，就像人们说的烧烤之苦与虫咬之苦。居住在这层地狱中的人，巨大的火焰像巨大的铁器贯穿人体，并且一直持续没有期限。有时一扇门打开，人们都想往外跑；门又关闭，又掉进火焰中没有期限。已经又看见一扇门打开，人们都跑着想要出去；好不容易出了门，又掉进污泥中。污泥中有虫子啃咬，又无法出去没有期限，这就是他们的种类。那些人身形高大，寿命以人间二十四万年为一天，三十天为一个月，十二个月为一年，寿命长达六十四万年，相当于人间八百六十四亿岁。 ‘第八层地狱名为不卢都般呼（Buludoubanhu，地狱名），不卢都般呼一层的痛苦，相当于都意难且的二十倍，就像人们说的大苦熟之苦。居住在这层地狱中，地上全是火焰，狱卒把人放在火中，炮烙、烧烤、贯穿，并且让他们站立或躺在床上，不得离开，不得休息，腐烂且烧焦。已经……’
English
English version: And within it, flames scorch people's bodies, burning them endlessly without death. They accumulate burns without dying, and embrace the fire, clinging to people's bodies, dying once and entering another, countless times like this, such is their kind. These people are tall and large, their lifespan is equivalent to 60,000 human years for one day, thirty days for one month, twelve months for one year, living for 160,000 years, equivalent to 21.6 billion human years. 'The sixth hell is called Caowubici (草乌卑次, Hell's name). The suffering in Caowubici is twenty times that inflicted by the nearby prison guards, which people call the suffering of scalding heat. Those who live here reside in a city 2,000 li high and 4,000 li wide, filled with fire, where people are placed. Then it is covered with iron indefinitely, so they cannot rest, cannot lie down, endlessly scorched and re-scorched, such is their kind. These people are tall and large, their lifespan is equivalent to 120,000 human years for one day, thirty days for one month, twelve months for one year, living for 320,000 years, equivalent to 43.2 billion human years.' 'The seventh hell is called Douyinanqie (都意难且, Hell's name). The suffering in Douyinanqie is twenty times that of Caowubici, like the suffering of roasting and insect bites. Those who live in this hell are pierced by huge flames like large iron skewers, endlessly. Sometimes a door opens, and people all want to rush out; the door closes again, and they fall back into the fire indefinitely. Having seen another door open, people run to get out; having barely gotten out, they fall into the mud. In the mud there are biting insects, and they cannot get out indefinitely, such is their kind. These people are tall and large, their lifespan is equivalent to 240,000 human years for one day, thirty days for one month, twelve months for one year, living for 640,000 years, equivalent to 86.4 billion human years.' 'The eighth hell is called Buludoubanhu (不卢都般呼, Hell's name). The suffering in Buludoubanhu is twenty times that of Douyinanqie, like the suffering of great torment. Living in this hell, the ground is full of fire, the prison guards put people in the fire, branding and roasting, piercing them, and making them stand or lie on beds, unable to leave, unable to rest, rotting and scorching. Already...' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------