Chinese
句者,则不堕四句。不堕故,智者所取。一切如来句义亦如是,慧者当知。如我所说,一切法无我。当知此义,无我性是无我。一切法有自性,无他性,如牛马。大慧!譬如非牛马性、马牛性。其实非有非无,彼非无自相。如是,大慧!一切诸法,非无自相有自相,但非无我愚夫之所能知。以妄想故,如是一切法空,无生,无自性。当如是知。如是如来与阴,非异非不异。若不异阴者,应是无常。若异者,方便则空。若二者,应有异。如牛角,相似故不异;长短差别故有异。一切法亦如是。大慧!如牛右角异左角,左角异右角,如是长短种种色各各异。大慧!如来于阴、界、入,非异非不异。如是如来解脱,非异非不异。如是如来以解脱名说。若如来异解脱者,应色相成;色相成故,应无常。若不异者,修行者得相应无分别,而修行者见分别。是故非异非不异。如是智及尔炎,非异非不异。大慧!智及尔炎,非异非不异者,非常非无常,非作非所作,非有为非无为,非觉非所觉,非相非所相,非阴非异阴,非说非所说,非一非异,非俱非不俱。非一非异,非俱非不俱故,悉离一切量(见闻觉识识名为量)。离一切量,则无言说。无言说,则无生。无生,则无灭。无灭,则寂灭。寂灭,则自性涅槃。自性涅槃,则无事无 现代汉语译本: 如果有人问,‘不堕四句’是什么意思?那就是不落入‘有’、‘无’、‘亦有亦无’、‘非有非无’这四种断见。因为不落入这些断见,所以是智者所应采取的。一切如来的教义也是如此,有智慧的人应当明白。就像我所说的,一切法都是无我的。应当明白这个道理,‘无我’的体性就是‘无我’本身。一切法都有其自性,但没有其他的自性,就像牛和马各有其特性一样。大慧,比如,牛的特性不是马的特性,马的特性也不是牛的特性。实际上,它们既非完全相同,也非完全不同,但它们各自的特性并非不存在。同样,大慧,一切诸法,并非没有自相而有自相,只是愚昧的人无法理解。因为虚妄分别的缘故,他们认为一切法是空性的,无生,无自性。应当这样去理解。 如来与五阴(色、受、想、行、识,构成个体存在的五种要素),既非相同,也非不同。如果如来与五阴没有差别,那么如来就应该是无常的。如果如来与五阴有差别,那么方便法门就变得空洞无意义。如果说如来与五阴既相同又不同,那么就应该存在差异,就像牛角一样,因为相似所以不相同,因为长短差别所以有不同。一切法也是如此。大慧,就像牛的右角不同于左角,左角不同于右角,同样,长短种种颜色也各自不同。大慧,如来对于阴、界(十八界,即六根、六尘、六识),入(十二入,即六根、六尘),既非相同,也非不同。同样,如来的解脱,既非相同,也非不同。如来以‘解脱’这个名称来表达。如果如来与解脱不同,那么就应该有色相的形成;因为色相的形成,就应该是无常的。如果如来与解脱没有不同,那么修行者就应该能够立即获得相应的无分别智,但修行者仍然能看到分别。所以,如来与解脱既非相同,也非不同。同样,智慧和光明,既非相同,也非不同。大慧,智慧和光明,既非相同也非不同,所以它们既非恒常也非无常,既非造作也非被造作,既非有为也非无为,既非觉悟也非被觉悟,既非现象也非被现象,既非五阴也非异于五阴,既非能说也非所说,既非单一也非差异,既非同时存在也非不同时存在。因为既非单一也非差异,既非同时存在也非不同时存在,所以完全脱离了一切量度(见闻觉识被称为量度)。脱离了一切量度,就没有言语可以表达。没有言语可以表达,就没有生。没有生,就没有灭。没有灭,就是寂灭。寂灭,就是自性涅槃(通过认识到事物本性的涅槃)。自性涅槃,就是无事无作。
English
English version: If someone asks, 'What does 'not falling into the four statements' mean?' It means not falling into the four extreme views of 'existence,' 'non-existence,' 'both existence and non-existence,' and 'neither existence nor non-existence.' Because one does not fall into these extreme views, it is what the wise should adopt. The meaning of all Tathagatas' teachings is also like this; the wise should understand. As I have said, all dharmas are without self (anatta). One should understand this meaning: the nature of 'no-self' is 'no-self' itself. All dharmas have their own nature (svabhava), but no other's nature, like a cow and a horse. O Mahamati, for example, the nature of a cow is not the nature of a horse, and the nature of a horse is not the nature of a cow. In reality, they are neither completely the same nor completely different, but their respective natures do not cease to exist. Likewise, O Mahamati, all dharmas are not without self-nature and have self-nature, but the ignorant cannot understand this. Because of deluded thoughts, they think that all dharmas are empty, unborn, and without self-nature. One should understand in this way. The Tathagata and the skandhas (form, feeling, perception, mental formations, and consciousness, the five aggregates that constitute individual existence) are neither the same nor different. If the Tathagata is not different from the skandhas, then the Tathagata should be impermanent. If the Tathagata is different from the skandhas, then the expedient means become empty and meaningless. If it is said that the Tathagata and the skandhas are both the same and different, then there should be a difference, like the horns of a cow; because they are similar, they are not the same, and because of the difference in length, they are different. All dharmas are also like this. O Mahamati, just as the right horn of a cow is different from the left horn, and the left horn is different from the right horn, similarly, the various colors of different lengths are each different. O Mahamati, the Tathagata is neither the same nor different from the skandhas, realms (eighteen realms, i.e., six sense organs, six sense objects, and six consciousnesses), and entrances (twelve entrances, i.e., six sense organs and six sense objects). Likewise, the liberation of the Tathagata is neither the same nor different. The Tathagata expresses this with the name 'liberation.' If the Tathagata is different from liberation, then there should be the formation of form; because of the formation of form, it should be impermanent. If the Tathagata is not different from liberation, then the practitioner should be able to immediately attain the corresponding non-discriminating wisdom, but the practitioner still sees discriminations. Therefore, the Tathagata and liberation are neither the same nor different. Likewise, wisdom and light are neither the same nor different. O Mahamati, wisdom and light are neither the same nor different, so they are neither permanent nor impermanent, neither created nor uncreated, neither conditioned nor unconditioned, neither awakened nor unawakened, neither phenomena nor non-phenomena, neither skandhas nor different from skandhas, neither speaking nor spoken, neither one nor different, neither together nor not together. Because they are neither one nor different, neither together nor not together, they are completely free from all measures (seeing, hearing, feeling, and knowing are called measures). Being free from all measures, there are no words to express. Without words to express, there is no birth. Without birth, there is no cessation. Without cessation, there is quiescence. Quiescence is self-nature Nirvana (Nirvana through realizing the nature of things). Self-nature Nirvana is without action and without effort. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
因。无事无因,则无攀缘。无攀缘,则出过一切虚伪。出过一切虚伪,则是如来。如来则是三藐三佛陀。大慧!是名三藐三佛陀。佛陀者,离一切根量。” 尔时,世尊欲重宣此义而说偈言: “悉离诸根量, 无事亦无因, 已离觉所觉, 亦离相所相。 阴缘等正觉, 一异莫能见, 若无有见者, 云何而分别? 非作非不作, 非事亦非因, 非阴不在阴, 亦非有余杂, 亦非有诸性, 如彼妄想见。 当知亦非无, 此法法自尔, 以有故有无, 以无故有有; 若无不应受, 若有不应想。 或于我非我, 言说量留连, 沉溺于二边, 自坏坏世间。 解脱一切过, 正观察我通, 是名为正观, 不毁大导师。” 尔时,大慧菩萨复白佛言:“世尊!如世尊说,修多罗摄受不生不灭。又世尊说,不生不灭,是如来异名。云何世尊,为无性故,说不生不灭?为是如来异名?” 佛告大慧:“我说一切法不生不灭,有无品不现。” 大慧白佛言:“世尊!若一切法不生者,则摄受法不可得,一切法不生故。若名字中有法者,惟愿为说。” 佛告大慧:“善哉,善哉!谛听!善思念之,吾当为汝分别解说。” 现代汉语译本:因。没有事情,没有原因,就没有攀缘。没有攀缘,就超越一切虚伪。超越一切虚伪,就是如来(Tathagata,佛的称号之一)。如来就是三藐三佛陀(Samyaksambuddha,正等觉者)。大慧(Mahamati,菩萨名)!这叫做三藐三佛陀。佛陀(Buddha,觉悟者)是远离一切根量的。' 这时,世尊(Bhagavan,佛的称号之一)想再次宣说这个道理,就说了偈语: '完全脱离各种根量的衡量,没有事情也没有原因, 已经脱离了能觉和所觉,也脱离了能相和所相。 五阴(Skandha,构成个体存在的五种要素)因缘等正觉,一体或差异都无法看见, 如果没有能看见的人,又怎么能分别呢? 不是作为,也不是不作为,不是事情也不是原因, 不是在五阴之中,也不是不在五阴之中,也不是有其他杂染, 也不是有各种自性,就像那些虚妄的想象所见。 应当知道也不是没有,这种法(Dharma,佛法)本来就是这样, 因为有,所以有无;因为无,所以有有; 如果没有,就不应该接受;如果有,就不应该去想象。 或者对于我(Atman,灵魂)和非我(Anatta,无我)的说法,在言语衡量中流连, 沉溺于有和无的二边,自己毁坏也毁坏世间。 解脱一切过失,正确地观察我所通达的, 这叫做正观,不诽谤伟大的导师(Buddha,佛)。' 这时,大慧菩萨(Mahamati Bodhisattva)又对佛说:‘世尊!正如世尊所说,修多罗(Sutra,佛经)摄受不生不灭。又世尊说,不生不灭,是如来(Tathagata)的异名。为什么世尊,因为无自性(Nihsvabhava)的缘故,说不生不灭?还是这是如来(Tathagata)的另一个名称?’ 佛告诉大慧(Mahamati):‘我说一切法不生不灭,有和无的品类不显现。’ 大慧(Mahamati)对佛说:‘世尊!如果一切法不生,那么摄受法就不可得,因为一切法不生。如果在名字中有法,希望您能为我解说。’ 佛告诉大慧(Mahamati):‘好啊,好啊!仔细听!好好思考,我将为你分别解说。’
English
English version: Cause. Without event, without cause, there is no clinging. Without clinging, one transcends all falsehood. Transcending all falsehood is the Tathagata (one of the titles of the Buddha). The Tathagata is the Samyaksambuddha (Perfectly Enlightened One). Mahamati (name of a Bodhisattva)! This is called Samyaksambuddha. The Buddha (Enlightened One) is free from all measurements of the senses.' At that time, the Bhagavan (another title of the Buddha), wishing to reiterate this meaning, spoke in verse: 'Completely free from the measurements of all senses, Without event and without cause, Having transcended the perceiver and the perceived, also transcended the object and the subject. The Skandhas (the five aggregates constituting individual existence), conditions, and Perfect Enlightenment, oneness or difference cannot be seen, If there is no seer, how can there be discrimination? Neither acting nor not acting, neither event nor cause, Neither in the Skandhas nor not in the Skandhas, nor with other impurities, Nor with various natures, like those seen in deluded imaginations. Know that it is also not non-existent, this Dharma (Buddhist teachings) is naturally so, Because of existence, there is non-existence; because of non-existence, there is existence; If there is not, one should not accept; if there is, one should not imagine. Or lingering in the measurements of speech regarding the self (Atman) and the non-self (Anatta), Drowning in the two extremes of existence and non-existence, destroying oneself and destroying the world. Liberated from all faults, correctly observing what I have realized, This is called right view, not slandering the great teacher (Buddha).' At that time, Mahamati Bodhisattva again said to the Buddha: 'Bhagavan! As the Bhagavan said, the Sutras (Buddhist scriptures) embrace non-origination and non-cessation. Also, the Bhagavan said that non-origination and non-cessation is another name for the Tathagata. Why does the Bhagavan, because of non-self-nature (Nihsvabhava), speak of non-origination and non-cessation? Or is this another name for the Tathagata?' The Buddha said to Mahamati: 'I say that all dharmas are without origination and without cessation, the categories of existence and non-existence do not appear.' Mahamati said to the Buddha: 'Bhagavan! If all dharmas do not originate, then the embraced dharma is unattainable, because all dharmas do not originate. If there is dharma in names, I wish you would explain it to me.' The Buddha said to Mahamati: 'Good, good! Listen carefully! Think well, and I will explain it to you in detail.' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 大慧白佛言:“唯然受教。”
Chinese
佛告大慧:“我说如来,非无性,亦非不生不灭摄一切法,亦不待缘故不生不灭,亦非无义。大慧!我说意生法身如来名号,彼不生者,一切外道、声闻、缘觉、七住菩萨,非其境界。大慧!彼不生即如来异名。大慧!譬如因陀罗释迦、不兰陀罗,如是等诸物,一一各有多名,亦非多名而有多性,亦非无自性。如是,大慧!我于此娑呵世界(娑呵译言能忍),有三阿僧祇百千名号,愚夫悉闻,各说我名,而不解我如来异名。大慧!或有众生,知我如来者,有知一切智者,有知佛者,有知救世者,有知自觉者,有知导师者,有知广导者,有知一切导者,有知仙人者,有知梵者,有知毗纽者,有知自在者,有知胜者,有知迦毗罗者,有知真实边者,有知月者,有知日者,有知生者,有知无生者,有知无灭者,有知空者,有知如如者,有知谛者,有知实际者,有知法性者,有知涅槃者,有知常者,有知平等者,有知不二者,有知无相者,有知解脱者,有知道者,有知意生,者。大慧!如是等三阿僧祇百千名号,不增不减。此及余世界,皆悉知我,如水中月,不出不入。彼诸愚夫,不能知我,堕二边故。然悉恭敬供养于我,而不善解知辞句义趣,不分别名,不解自通,计着种种言 现代汉语译本: 大慧菩萨对佛说:‘是的,我谨遵教诲。’ 佛告诉大慧:‘我说如来,不是没有自性,也不是不生不灭而包含一切法,也不是依赖因缘才不生不灭,也不是没有意义。大慧!我说意生法身(Manomayakaya-buddha)如来名号,这“不生”的境界,不是一切外道、声闻、缘觉、七住菩萨所能理解的。大慧!这“不生”就是如来的另一个名字。大慧!譬如因陀罗(Indra,帝释天)、释迦(Śakra,能天帝)、不兰陀罗(Purandara,摧城者),像这些事物,每一个都有很多名字,但并非因为名字多就有很多自性,也不是没有自性。如此,大慧!我在这娑呵世界(Saha-loka,娑呵译为能忍),有三阿僧祇百千个名号,愚笨的人都听过,各自说我的名字,却不了解我如来的不同名字。大慧!有的众生,知道我是如来,有的知道我是一切智者,有的知道我是佛,有的知道我是救世者,有的知道我是自觉者,有的知道我是导师,有的知道我是广导者,有的知道我是一切导者,有的知道我是仙人,有的知道我是梵(Brahma,大梵天),有的知道我是毗纽(Vishnu,遍入天),有的知道我是自在者(Īśvara,大自在天),有的知道我是胜者,有的知道我是迦毗罗(Kapila,数论派祖师),有的知道我是真实边者,有的知道我是月,有的知道我是日,有的知道我是生者,有的知道我是无生者,有的知道我是无灭者,有的知道我是空,有的知道我是如如,有的知道我是谛,有的知道我是实际,有的知道我是法性,有的知道我是涅槃,有的知道我是常,有的知道我是平等,有的知道我是不二,有的知道我是无相,有的知道我是解脱,有的知道我是道者,有的知道我是意生者。大慧!像这样三阿僧祇百千个名号,不增不减。这个世界和其余世界,都知道我,如同水中的月亮,不出现也不消失。那些愚笨的人,不能了解我,因为他们堕入了二边。然而他们都恭敬供养我,却不能很好地理解辞句的意义和旨趣,不能分辨名相,不了解自我的通达,执着于种种言说。’