English
English version: Water and rain combine to create this body. Seeking a piece of clothing and a morsel of food is to nourish the breath and protect this body. The human body is fundamentally unreal, so it will eventually perish and cannot escape impermanence. Those who attain the Dao will understand that this body is not the true 'self'. Constantly contemplate the transience of the body, which will eventually lead to death and decay; the mind is the root of a person, so guard the mind and be single-minded. Foolish people do not guard the mind, do not protect the soul, but only know how to nourish the four limbs, deceived by sights and tastes. They think the body is 'me', but do not know that all evils arise from the body; greedy for the taste of food, they will fall into suffering; unable to escape the cycle of birth and death, once encountering evil conditions, the soul will depart empty, heading towards the path of good and evil; after the body dies and falls into the earth, it will dissipate and rot day and night. Originally, it was also empty and without anything, only the operation of the mind transformed into this body; after death, all return to the earth, and so are all things, all will pass away, this is the principle of impermanence. People do not plan for themselves, with myriad thoughts, but cannot be single-minded, so they feel pain, and are abandoned after death; so are all things. After extinction, they will be reborn, and after rebirth, there is suffering again, so they create seeds of good and evil deeds, but do not know where they are going, this is not understanding the illusion of the body. Those who practice the Dao should cut off these things. If people do not understand the four kinds of impermanence, they will never attain the Dao. If they only plan for themselves, observe various deaths and decays, understand that people and all things will eventually have nothing, the mind will stop clinging, and obtain the joy of practice; once the joy of practice is obtained, the heart will be at peace. Not leaving these five aggregates, his heart will be one with the Dao. The Buddha said: 'Contemplate the body, observe the hair and the brain. Contemplate the hair, originally empty and without anything, formed by conditions, and will eventually rot and fall off; the brain is like congealed rice porridge, and will eventually stink and decay; the eyes only have empty water, and will eventually flow out juice, empty and collapsed; the ears only have flesh, and dirt will penetrate and leak out; the nose and mouth flow with snot and saliva, which will all flow away and dissipate; the tongue, throat, lungs, liver, heart, the heart is full of dirty blood; the liver, gallbladder, diaphragm, spleen are attached to the stomach; the kidneys are attached to the spine; the stomach contains undigested food; the large intestine contains feces; the small intestine vesicles contain urine. The hair and abdomen will increase or decrease with the changes of the body, the body dies, the breath is cut off, and all will swell and rot, the intestines, stomach, feces, and urine will pour and soak each other, the stench is foul and disgusting. Below are the flesh of the buttocks, two legs, two feet, the muscles gradually exhausted, the tendons and veins damaged and decayed, the bones and joints separated and fallen off. The calves are stiff and straight.' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
，白髀骨如车辐。尻骨与脊骨相连，脊与肋骨相连，肩骨与肘臂手相连，皮革消腐，节节解堕。颈骨与髑髅相连，肉血消尽，磨磨但有骨。气出不报为死人，身侹正直不复摇，风去身冷，火去黄汁从九孔流出，水去死不复食，地去三四日，色转正青，脓血从口鼻耳目中出正赤，肌肉坏败骨正白，久久转黑作灰土。视郭外臭死人，死人骨如是，自身亦如是，皆当灭尽是为空。出息尽时便知空，知空便知身空。何以故？知命近在息空故。” 佛言：“是意当先观思惟，灭念待自意便守意。意不出身为道人，待在外为万物。念在内为思，识欲灭念待，当念物非常败，皆非我所，我亦非物主。意念死时，持何等去？持善、持一、必持经，多作多乐故。”佛言：“是汝物持去，其余一切，皆非我所。意当识念：何等恩爱会当别离，各自消腐，念之但乱人意，堕人罪，要当还身守净，趣泥洹道。 “佛从一心至九道，念四色皆当消灭。谓人死四、五日，欲臭坏，色转正青；五日、六日，脓血从口、鼻、耳、目中出正赤；后肌肉坏败，肠胃生虫还自食，皮革消腐，骨颜正白，久久转黑作灰土。明地、水、火、风空，皆非我所意。汝从无数世以来，亦为人作妻子、奴婢，亦作畜生、牛、马、虫、象，勤苦重负，亦为人所屠 现代汉语译本：大腿骨像车轮的辐条一样。髋骨与脊椎相连，脊椎与肋骨相连，肩胛骨与肘部、手臂和手相连，皮肤腐烂消失，关节脱落。颈椎与头骨相连，肉和血都消失了，只剩下光秃秃的骨头。气息呼出不再吸入就是死人，身体僵直不再摇动，风散去身体冰冷，火散去黄色的液体从九窍流出，水散去死人不再进食，地散去三四天后，颜色转为青色，脓血从口、鼻、耳、眼中流出，颜色鲜红，肌肉腐烂，骨头变得雪白，时间长了变成黑色，化为灰土。观察城外腐烂的死人，死人的骨头就是这样，自身也是这样，最终都会消灭，这就是空。呼出最后一口气的时候就知道空，知道空就知道身体是空的。为什么呢？因为知道生命就在这最后一口气上。' 佛说：'这个意思应当先观察思考，灭掉杂念等待自己的意念，然后守护意念。意念不离开自身，就是修道之人，意念停留在外，就会追逐万物。念头在内就是思考，认识到要灭掉杂念，就要想到万物都是无常败坏的，都不是我所有的，我也不是万物的主人。意念在死亡的时候，能带走什么呢？能带走善行、带走专一、一定能带走经书，多行善事就能得到更多的快乐。' 佛说：'这些才是你能带走的东西，其余的一切，都不是你所有的。意念应当认识到：无论多么恩爱的相会，最终都会别离，各自腐烂消失，思念这些只会扰乱人的心意，使人堕落犯罪，一定要回归自身，守护清净，走向涅槃（Nirvana）之道。' '佛从一心到九道，想到四种颜色最终都会消灭。所谓人死后四五天，开始腐烂发臭，颜色转为青色；五六天后，脓血从口、鼻、耳、眼中流出，颜色鲜红；之后肌肉腐烂，肠胃生出虫子反过来吃自己，皮肤腐烂消失，骨头颜色雪白，时间长了变成黑色，化为灰土。明白地、水、火、风、空，都不是我所有的。你从无数世以来，也曾做过别人的妻子、儿女、奴婢，也曾做过畜生、牛、马、虫、象，辛勤劳作，背负重物，也曾被人宰杀。'
English
English version: The thigh bones are like spokes of a wheel. The hip bone is connected to the spine, the spine is connected to the ribs, the shoulder blade is connected to the elbow, arm, and hand. The skin decays and disappears, and the joints fall apart. The cervical vertebrae are connected to the skull, the flesh and blood have disappeared, leaving only bare bones. When the breath goes out and is not drawn back in, it is a dead person. The body is stiff and no longer moves. The wind departs and the body is cold. The fire departs and yellow fluid flows from the nine orifices. The water departs and the dead person no longer eats. The earth departs and after three or four days, the color turns blue. Pus and blood flow from the mouth, nose, ears, and eyes, a bright red color. The muscles decay, the bones become pure white, and over time they turn black and become ash. Observe the stinking dead person outside the city. The bones of the dead person are like this, and your own body is also like this. All will eventually perish, and this is emptiness (Sunyata). When the last breath is exhaled, one knows emptiness. Knowing emptiness, one knows the body is empty. Why? Because one knows that life is near the end of the breath.' The Buddha said, 'This meaning should first be observed and contemplated. Extinguish distracting thoughts and wait for your own intention, then guard that intention. If the intention does not leave the body, one is a follower of the Way (Daoist). If the intention dwells outside, one will chase after all things. Thoughts within are contemplation. Recognizing the need to extinguish distracting thoughts, one should think that all things are impermanent and decaying, that none of them are mine, and that I am not the master of things. When the intention dies, what can one take with them? One can take good deeds, take singleness of mind, and certainly take the scriptures. Doing more good deeds brings more happiness.' The Buddha said, 'These are the things you can take with you. All the rest are not yours. The intention should recognize that all loving encounters will eventually lead to separation, each decaying and disappearing. Thinking of these things only disturbs the mind, causing one to fall into sin. One must return to oneself, guard purity, and go towards the path of Nirvana (Nirvana).' 'The Buddha, from one mind to the nine paths, thinks that the four colors will eventually perish. It is said that four or five days after a person dies, they begin to rot and stink, and the color turns blue. After five or six days, pus and blood flow from the mouth, nose, ears, and eyes, a bright red color. Later, the muscles decay, worms grow in the intestines and stomach and eat them from the inside, the skin decays and disappears, the bones become pure white, and over time they turn black and become ash. Understand that earth, water, fire, wind, and space are not mine. From countless lifetimes, you have been other people's wives, children, servants, and also animals, cows, horses, insects, and elephants, working hard, carrying heavy burdens, and also being slaughtered by people.' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
、剥、脍、炙。今为人，复所人作妻子、奴婢，亦取畜生屠、剥、脍、刺、斫，自在身死，皆当复受。行道人！汝宁见死人不？气绝便无所知，身挺正直便臭坏可恶，谛念便畏不欲见。何以故不怖一心？一心令人上天得泥洹道。佛知九道皆空，无所有故，还就一心。行道人急灭念，待无所他知，便至拘深国，行拘深俱在所，见用不在故不见。” 佛言：“意欲贪念非常败，淫当念对，瞋恚念等心，愚痴念本，一切行非常，无为安隐。人不知非常，终不去贪，亦不离薜荔道。世间所有如梦耳，梦饭食见好，寤便不见。世间所有如是，生便死，适成便坏，要皆归空，当何等可贪？人有妻子、财产亦尔。何以故？人治生得钱利时，若家室合会喜乐，譬如飞鸟聚会，亦皆无常，一旦别离，亦便不见。正使有忧恐万苦，意在生死中，为日积罪。黠人自约少欲，趣求一衣一食，从定意行，不求地止，常还身守净，断求念空。” 问曰：“行道守意根本从何起？” 佛言：“天地成后，人从十五天上来下，寿无有夭逝，生死五道从六衰起。人生心意本自善，无有贪爱、痛痒、思想、生死、识，为耳、目、鼻、口所欺。目光视色，耳声音，鼻知香，口知味，身知寒温粗细，心为作十事，成五阴；意为识合，为六衰； 现代汉语译本： 宰杀、剥皮、切肉、烧烤。如今做人，又让别人做自己的妻子、奴婢，也对畜生进行屠宰、剥皮、切肉、刺杀、砍斫，等到自己身死，都要重新承受这些。修行人啊！你难道没见过死人吗？气息断绝便什么都不知道了，身体僵直腐烂臭气熏天令人厌恶，仔细想想便会害怕不想看见。为什么不一心向善呢？一心向善能使人升天，证得涅槃（Nirvana）之道。佛知道九道皆是空，一无所有，所以回归一心。修行人要赶快灭除妄念，等到没有什么其他的知觉，便到达拘深（Kusina）国，修行和拘深（Kusina）同在，因为不执着于外用所以不见（外境）。 佛说：‘贪欲的念头是无常败坏的，对于淫欲应当念不净观，对于嗔恚应当念慈悲观，对于愚痴应当念因缘观，一切行为都是无常的，无为才是安稳的。人不知道无常，终究不能去除贪欲，也不能脱离薜荔（Pisaca）道。世间所有的一切都像梦一样，梦中吃饭看见美好的事物，醒来便什么都看不见了。世间所有的一切都是这样，生了就会死，刚成就就会坏灭，最终都要归于空，有什么值得贪恋的呢？人有妻子、财产也是这样。为什么呢？人们努力经营获得钱财利益的时候，如果家室和睦聚会喜乐，就像飞鸟聚集在一起，也都是无常的，一旦分别离散，也就看不见了。即使有忧愁恐惧各种痛苦，心意还在生死之中，日积月累地造罪。聪明人自我约束减少欲望，只求一件衣服一顿饭，从禅定中修行，不求固定的住所，常常守护自身清净，断除求取之心，使心念空寂。’ （有人）问道：‘修行守护意念的根本从哪里开始呢？’ 佛说：‘天地形成之后，人从十五天（Fifteen Heavens）上来下生，寿命没有夭折，生死五道从六衰（Six declines）开始。人生的心意本来是善良的，没有贪爱、痛痒、思想、生死、识，被耳、目、鼻、口所欺骗。眼睛观看颜色，耳朵听声音，鼻子闻香气，口知道味道，身体知道寒冷温暖粗细，心为之造作十事，成就五阴（Five Skandhas）；意与识结合，成为六衰（Six declines）。’