Chinese
大正藏第 12 册 No. 0392 佛灭度后棺敛葬送经 No. 392 佛灭度后棺敛葬送经(一名比丘师经) 失译人名今附西晋录 闻如是： 一时众祐游于华氏国。阿难以人定时，白众祐言：“众祐灭讫之后，棺敛尊身，其礼云何？” 众祐曰：“且自忧身，无忧佛也。吾灭度后，当有梵志、理家尽礼葬送。” 阿难言：“其礼云何？” 众祐曰：“如飞行皇帝送丧之仪。” 重曰：“愿闻仪则。” 众祐曰：“圣帝崩时，以劫波育㲲千张缠身，香泽灌上令泽下彻；以香𧂐身，上下四面使其齐同；放火阇维，捡骨、香汁洗，盛以金瓮。石为㽃瓳——纵广三尺，厚一尺——四边上下各安一枚，金瓮置中。跱刹悬缯具供所应，起土为塔，华香供养。 “佛当逾彼。所以然者，吾自无数劫，以四等弘慈，行六度无极，经纬十方拯济群生，功德隆赫，成斯如来、无所著、正真道、最正觉、道法御、天人师，至尊难齐。各以把土供养塔者，其福无量。 “末世秽浊，民有颠沛之命，财有五家之分。吾以是故，留舍利并钵以穰世颠沛之祸，安祐众生。为宗庙像令民睹，则沙门以经导化未闻，令生者永去牢狱之酷、死者免三涂之罪 现代汉语译本 我听闻是这样的： 一时，众祐（佛的别称）在华氏国游化。阿难在人定（指傍晚时分）时，向众祐请示说：‘众祐您灭度之后，如何用棺木收殓您的尊身，其礼仪是怎样的呢？’ 众祐说：‘你且先担忧自己的修行，不必担忧佛的事情。我灭度之后，会有婆罗门和有理智的居士尽礼来安葬我。’ 阿难问：‘其礼仪是怎样的呢？’ 众祐说：‘就像飞行皇帝（转轮圣王）去世时的葬礼一样。’ 阿难再次请求说：‘希望能够详细听闻其仪则。’ 众祐说：‘圣帝驾崩时，用一千张劫波育㲲（一种细软的布）缠裹身体，用香油浇灌使其渗透全身；再用香料涂抹身体，上下四面都要均匀涂抹；然后火化，捡拾骨灰，用香汁洗净，盛放在金瓮中。用石头做成石函——长宽各三尺，厚一尺——四边上下各安放一块，将金瓮放置在中间。竖立刹杆，悬挂幡带，备好一切供品，堆土为塔，用鲜花和香供养。 ‘佛的葬礼应当超过他们。之所以这样，是因为我从无数劫以来，以四种平等心（慈、悲、喜、舍）的弘大慈悲，修行六度（布施、持戒、忍辱、精进、禅定、智慧）到达彼岸，经纬十方救济众生，功德隆盛显赫，成就了如来、无所执著、正真之道、最正觉、道法御、天人师，至尊无与伦比。各自拿一把土供养佛塔的人，其福报是无量的。 ‘末法时代污秽混浊，民众有颠沛流离的命运，财产有五家（指水、火、盗贼、恶子、官府）瓜分的危险。我因此留下舍利和钵，用来消除世间的颠沛之祸，安稳庇佑众生。为宗庙设立佛像让民众瞻仰，那么沙门可以用佛经引导教化那些没有听闻佛法的人，使活着的人永远脱离牢狱的酷刑，死去的人免除三恶道的罪苦。’
English
English version Thus have I heard: At one time, the World Honored One (another name for Buddha) was traveling in the country of Hwa-shi. Ananda, at the time of evening meditation, asked the World Honored One, saying, 'After the World Honored One passes away, how should your venerable body be placed in a coffin, and what are the proper rites?' The World Honored One said, 'You should first worry about your own practice, and not worry about the Buddha. After my passing, there will be Brahmins and wise laypeople who will respectfully conduct my funeral.' Ananda asked, 'What are the rites?' The World Honored One said, 'It will be like the funeral rites of a flying emperor (Chakravartin King) when he passes away.' Ananda again requested, 'I wish to hear the details of the rites.' The World Honored One said, 'When a holy emperor passes away, his body is wrapped with a thousand pieces of fine cloth (Kshau-ma), and fragrant oil is poured over it so that it permeates the entire body; then the body is anointed with fragrant substances, evenly on all four sides; then it is cremated, the ashes are collected, washed with fragrant juice, and placed in a golden urn. A stone casket is made—three feet in length and width, and one foot thick—with one piece placed on each of the four sides, and the golden urn is placed in the middle. A flagpole is erected, banners are hung, and all necessary offerings are prepared. A stupa is built with earth, and flowers and incense are offered. 'The Buddha's funeral should surpass theirs. The reason for this is that from countless kalpas, I have practiced the four immeasurables (loving-kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity) with great compassion, cultivated the six perfections (generosity, morality, patience, diligence, meditation, and wisdom) to reach the other shore, and have traversed the ten directions to save all beings. My merits are vast and glorious, and I have become the Tathagata, the one without attachments, the true path, the most perfect enlightenment, the guide of the Dharma, the teacher of gods and humans, the most honored and incomparable. Those who each offer a handful of earth to the stupa will receive immeasurable blessings. 'In the degenerate age, the world will be defiled and chaotic, the people will have unstable lives, and wealth will be in danger of being divided by the five families (water, fire, thieves, evil children, and government). Therefore, I leave behind relics and my bowl to eliminate the calamities of the world and to protect all beings. By establishing Buddha images in temples for people to venerate, the monks can use the scriptures to guide and teach those who have not heard the Dharma, so that the living may forever escape the cruel punishments of prison, and the dead may be freed from the suffering of the three evil realms.' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ，必获升天。若为佛庙，当令逾彼矣。” 阿难言：“钵当如之？”
Chinese
佛言：“吾钵者，四天大王之所献也，合四以为一。佛所食器，群生慎无以食矣。 “灭度之后，诸国诤之、民心邪荒、贱命贵淫、背孝尊妖，钵当变化现五色光，飞行升降，开化民心。黎庶睹之，追存佛德，去愚即明，顺用正教，皆兴庙寺，旌表佛德。 “转当东游，所历诸国凶疫消歇、君臣康休、谷帛丰穰、欣怿无患，终远三涂，皆获生天。极东国王仁而有明，钵当翔彼。王崩之后，其嗣淫荒，废真从邪。民心亦尔，睹钵无肃敬之礼。天、龙见之，悲喜迎钵还海供奉。 “王亡尊钵，忧忿交胸，布告诸国：‘购钵千金。’连年募之，令出首尾。民贪重赏，遍索不得。时有贱人，其名曰师，伪作比丘，饕餮酒食，妻居育子。当醉提儿诣宫门言：‘吾知钵处。’王闻大喜，请沙门入，曰：‘钵所在乎？’对曰：‘先以金来。’王赐金千斤。师曰：‘唯沙门当盗之耳。’ “即下书考推诸沙门。其毒酷烈，臣民睹之靡不怨王。王曰：‘尔为谁沙门乎？’答曰：‘吾师事佛。’王曰：‘佛有何戒耶？’师曰：‘有二百五十戒。’ “王曰：‘首戒云何？’ “答曰：‘第一当遵慈。仁普惠恩及群生， 现代汉语译本：必能升入天界。如果是为了佛寺，应当使它超越其他寺庙。” 阿难问道：‘佛钵应当如何处置呢？’ 佛说：‘我的钵，是四大天王所献，将四个钵合为一个。佛所用的食器，众生切不可用来食用。 ‘我灭度之后，各国会为此争夺，民心会变得邪恶荒唐，轻贱生命，看重淫欲，背弃孝道，尊崇妖邪。钵会变化显现五色光芒，飞行升降，开化民心。百姓看到后，会追忆佛的恩德，去除愚昧，走向光明，顺从正教，都会兴建庙宇，彰显佛的功德。 ‘钵会向东游历，所到之处，各国的凶险疫病都会消散，君臣安康，五谷丰收，百姓喜悦安乐，没有忧患，最终远离三恶道，都能升入天界。极东方的国王仁慈而英明，钵会飞翔到那里。国王去世后，他的继承人会淫乱荒唐，抛弃真理，追随邪恶。民众也会如此，看到钵没有肃敬的礼仪。天龙看到这种情况，会悲喜交加地迎接钵回到海中供奉。 ‘国王因为失去佛钵，忧愁愤怒，向各国发布公告：‘悬赏千金购买佛钵。’连年招募，要求交出佛钵。民众贪图重赏，四处搜寻却找不到。当时有一个**，名叫师，假装是比丘，贪吃酒肉，娶妻生子。他喝醉后，抱着孩子来到宫门说：‘我知道佛钵在哪里。’国王听了非常高兴，请沙门进来，问：‘佛钵在哪里？’他回答说：‘先给我金子。’国王赏赐他千斤黄金。师说：‘只有沙门才会偷盗佛钵。’ ‘于是国王下令严查所有沙门。他的手段残暴，臣民看到后无不怨恨国王。国王问：‘你是哪个沙门？’他回答说：‘我师从佛陀。’国王问：‘佛陀有什么戒律？’师回答说：‘有二百五十条戒律。’ ‘国王问：‘第一条戒律是什么？’ ‘他回答说：‘第一条应当遵从慈悲。仁爱普遍施恩于众生，’
English
English version: will surely ascend to heaven. If it is for a Buddhist temple, it should surpass all others.’ Ananda asked, ‘What should be done with the Buddha’s bowl?’ The Buddha said, ‘My bowl was offered by the Four Heavenly Kings, combining four bowls into one. The eating utensil of the Buddha, sentient beings must not use it for eating.’ ‘After my passing, various countries will fight over it, the people’s minds will become wicked and absurd, they will despise life and value lust, abandon filial piety and honor demons. The bowl will transform and manifest five-colored light, flying up and down, enlightening the people’s minds. When the common people see it, they will recall the Buddha’s virtue, dispel ignorance and turn to enlightenment, follow the righteous teachings, and all will build temples, proclaiming the Buddha’s virtue.’ ‘The bowl will travel eastward, and wherever it goes, the calamities and plagues of those countries will cease, the rulers and ministers will be healthy, the grains and silks will be abundant, the people will be joyful and peaceful, without worries, and ultimately they will be far from the three evil paths, and all will attain rebirth in heaven. The king of the far east is benevolent and wise, and the bowl will fly there. After the king passes away, his successor will be licentious and absurd, abandoning the truth and following evil. The people will also be like this, and when they see the bowl, they will not have respectful manners. The gods and dragons, seeing this, will be both sad and joyful, and will welcome the bowl back to the sea to be enshrined.’ ‘The king, because of losing the Buddha’s bowl, was worried and angry, and issued a proclamation to all countries: ‘A reward of a thousand gold pieces for the Buddha’s bowl.’ He recruited for years, demanding the bowl be handed over. The people, greedy for the reward, searched everywhere but could not find it. At that time, there was a **, named Shi, who pretended to be a bhikkhu, greedy for wine and meat, and had a wife and children. When he was drunk, he carried his child to the palace gate and said, ‘I know where the Buddha’s bowl is.’ The king was very happy to hear this, and invited the shramana in, asking, ‘Where is the Buddha’s bowl?’ He replied, ‘Give me the gold first.’ The king rewarded him with a thousand pounds of gold. Shi said, ‘Only a shramana would steal the bowl.’ ‘So the king issued an order to investigate all shramanas. His methods were cruel, and the ministers and people who saw it all resented the king. The king asked, ‘Which shramana are you?’ He replied, ‘I am a disciple of the Buddha.’ The king asked, ‘What are the Buddha’s precepts?’ Shi replied, ‘There are two hundred and fifty precepts.’ ‘The king asked, ‘What is the first precept?’ ‘He replied, ‘The first precept is to follow compassion. Benevolence universally bestows grace upon all sentient beings,’ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
视天下群生身命若己身命；慈济悲愍，恕己安彼，道喜开化，护彼若身。润逮草木，无虚杌绝也。’ “王曰：‘善哉！佛之仁化怀天裹地，何生不赖焉？’ “‘二当遵清。无积秽宝，尊荣国土，非有无篡；草芥之属，非惠不取。’ “王曰：‘善哉！斯可谓清白者也。’ “‘三当遵贞。心无存淫、口无言调，伪声邪色，一不视听。睹彼妇人，以母、以姊、以妹、以女，宁就燔身无为淫乱。’ “王曰：‘善哉！摸真景净，佛化为首矣。’ “‘四当慎言。无两舌、恶骂、妄言、绮语、前誉后毁、证入无辜、蛊道鬼妖、厌祷咒咀。宁就吞炭，不出毒声也。’ “王曰：‘善哉佛化。惴惴剽剽，慎言乃如兹乎。’ “‘五当绝酒。夫酒者，令君不仁、臣不忠、亲不义、子不孝、妇人奢淫，厥失三十有六，亡国破家靡不由兹。宁饮毒而死，不酒乱而生矣。’ “王曰：‘善哉！佛之明化令吞德怀道，灭于众恶、兴于诸善；清净为身、淡泊为志。经化令仁，而尔教吾令杀；戒云守清净、无贪，而尔偷金；戒云无淫，而尔畜妻；戒当尽诚，而尔虚谮沙门，云其盗钵，令吾罪无辜；戒无嗜酒，而尔醉来。外诸沙门有具斯五德为高行者不乎？’ “答曰：‘其 现代汉语译本 ‘要像对待自己的生命一样看待天下所有众生的生命；要慈爱怜悯，像宽恕自己一样安顿他人，要随喜开导，像保护自己一样保护他们。恩泽要普及到草木，不要有任何遗漏或断绝。’ 国王说：‘说得好啊！佛的仁慈教化覆盖天地，有什么生命不依赖它呢？’ ‘第二要遵守清净。不要积聚污秽的财宝，要尊重国土，不进行篡夺；对于草芥之类的东西，不施予就不要拿取。’ 国王说：‘说得好啊！这可以称得上是清白的人了。’ ‘第三要遵守贞洁。心中不要存有淫念，口中不要说轻佻的话，虚假的言语和邪恶的姿态，一概不看也不听。看到妇女，要把她们当作母亲、姐姐、妹妹、女儿看待，宁愿被火烧死也不做**之事。’ 国王说：‘说得好啊！触摸到真实清净的境界，佛的教化是首要的。’ ‘第四要谨慎言语。不要两舌，不要恶语谩骂，不要说谎，不要说花言巧语，不要当面赞扬背后诋毁，不要诬陷无辜，不要搞蛊惑人心的鬼怪妖术，不要厌恶诅咒。宁愿吞下炭火，也不要发出恶毒的声音。’ 国王说：‘说得好啊，佛的教化。小心谨慎，言语竟然要如此谨慎啊。’ ‘第五要戒绝饮酒。酒这种东西，会使君主不仁，臣子不忠，亲人不义，子女不孝，妇女奢侈淫荡，它的过失有三十六种，亡国破家没有不是因为它造成的。宁愿喝毒药而死，也不要因为醉酒而苟且偷生。’ 国王说：‘说得好啊！佛的明智教化使人吞纳美德，怀抱正道，消灭各种恶行，兴起各种善行；使人清净自身，淡泊名利。经书教化使人仁慈，而你却教我杀戮；戒律说要守清净，不要贪婪，而你却偷盗金钱；戒律说不要淫乱，而你却蓄养妻子；戒律说要尽心诚实，而你却虚假诽谤沙门，说他们偷了钵，使我犯下无辜的罪过；戒律说不要嗜酒，而你却醉醺醺地来了。其他的沙门中有具备这五种美德作为高尚行为的人吗？’ 回答说：‘他们