English
English version: The Buddha said, 'The Dharma should be like this. The Tathagata's Nirvana is profound! Profound! Inconceivable! It is the realm of all Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, not known by those of the Sravakas and Pratyekabuddhas.' The Buddha further told the assembly, 'This Subhadra (a personal name), has offered to Buddhas as numerous as the sands of the Ganges, and has deeply planted roots of goodness with all the Buddhas; by the power of his original vows, he has always been in the teachings of the Niganthas (an ancient Indian ascetic sect), practicing asceticism, using skillful wisdom to guide those with wrong views and lost beings, leading them into right wisdom. Subhadra, by the power of his original vows, has today met me, at the time of my final Nirvana, and heard the true Dharma; having heard the true Dharma, he has attained the Arhat fruit; having attained the fruit, he has again entered Nirvana. From my attainment of the Way and the deliverance of Ajnatakaundinya (one of the first five disciples of the Buddha), to the final Nirvana and the deliverance of Subhadra, my work is complete, and there is no more to be done; even if I were to live long, it would be no different from now.' At that time, after the World Honored One had spoken these words, he sighed deeply and said, 'Good, good! Subhadra, to repay the Buddha's kindness, you all should make offerings to his remains and build a stupa.' At that time, the assembly felt sorrow and grief, covering their faces and weeping, and according to the Buddha's teachings, they cremated his remains with fragrant wood and ghee. When Subhadra was being cremated, he immediately emitted great light from the flames, manifesting eighteen transformations, water coming from his body, fire coming from below his body; fire coming from his right side, water coming from his left side; a small form changing into a large form, and a large form changing into a small form; filling the entire void. At that time, countless assemblies and those with wrong views from other paths all aroused the Bodhi mind and were able to enter into right view. After Subhadra manifested these miraculous transformations, he returned to the flames. After the cremation was completed, the assembly was filled with grief and sorrow, and they collected his relics and built a stupa for offerings. The Great Parinirvana Sutra, Chapter 1 on the Last Instructions At that time, the Buddha told Ananda (one of the ten great disciples of the Buddha) and the assembly, 'After my passing, you fourfold disciples should diligently uphold my Great Nirvana. I have cultivated this difficult-to-attain Great Nirvana Dharma for countless asamkhya kalpas (an extremely long unit of time), and now I have clearly spoken it, you should know that this Great Nirvana is the golden --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
刚宝藏，常乐我净周圆无缺。一切诸佛于此涅槃而般涅槃，最后究竟，理极无遗。诸佛于此放舍身命，故名涅槃。汝等欲得决定真报佛恩；疾得菩提、诸佛摩顶；世世所生不失正念；十方诸佛常现其前，昼夜守护；令一切众得出世法；当勤修习此涅槃典。” 佛复告阿难：“吾未成佛，示入郁头蓝弗外道法中，修学四禅八定，受行其教。吾成佛来毁呰其法，渐渐诱进，最后须跋陀罗皆入佛道。如来以大智炬烧邪见幢，如干草叶投大火焰。阿难！今我亲戚诸释种子吾甚忧念，我涅槃后，汝当精勤以善教诫我诸眷属，授与妙法深心诲诱，勿得调戏放逸散心，入诸境界受行邪法，未脱三界世间痛苦，早求出离于此五浊爱欲之中。应生忧畏无救护想，一失人身难可追复，毕此一形常须警察，无常大鬼情求难脱。怜愍众生莫相杀害、乃至蠢动，应施无畏。身业清净常生妙土，口业清净离诸过恶，莫食肉、莫饮酒，调伏心蛇令入道果。深思行业善恶之报，如影随形，三世因果循环不失，此生空过后悔无追。涅槃时至，示教如是。” 尔时阿难闻佛语已，身心战动，情识恾然，悲哽喑咽，深没忧海，举体迷闷，昏乱浊心，投如来前犹如死人。尔时，阿泥楼逗安慰阿难，轻其愁心，而语之言：“咄哉！何为愁苦？如来涅槃 现代汉语译本 ‘刚’（坚固）如宝藏，‘常’（永恒）、‘乐’（安乐）、‘我’（真我）、‘净’（清净）周全圆满，没有丝毫欠缺。一切诸佛都是在此涅槃（不生不灭的境界）而般涅槃（入灭），这是最终的究竟，道理极致而没有遗漏。诸佛在此放下身命，所以称为涅槃。你们想要真正报答佛恩，快速证得菩提（觉悟），得到诸佛摩顶（以手抚摸头顶，表示授记或加持），世世所生不失正念（正确的念头），十方诸佛常常显现在你们面前，日夜守护你们，使一切众生都能得到出世法（超越世俗的解脱之法），应当勤奋修习这部《涅槃经》。” 佛陀又告诉阿难：‘我未成佛时，曾示现进入郁头蓝弗（一位外道仙人）的外道法中，修习四禅八定（四种禅定和八种定境），接受并修行他的教法。我成佛后，就批判他的法，渐渐引导他们，最后须跋陀罗（一位外道修行者）也进入了佛道。如来用大智慧的火炬焚烧邪见的旗帜，就像干草叶投入大火焰一样。阿难！现在我的亲戚，这些释迦族的后代，我非常忧虑他们。我涅槃后，你应当精勤地用善法教诫我的眷属，传授他们微妙的佛法，用深切的心意教导他们，不要戏谑放纵，散乱心神，进入各种境界接受邪法，还没有脱离三界（欲界、色界、无色界）世间的痛苦，要早日寻求从这五浊（劫浊、见浊、烦恼浊、众生浊、命浊）爱欲之中解脱出来。应当生起忧愁畏惧，感到没有救护，一旦失去人身就难以再恢复，要终身警惕，无常的大鬼难以逃脱。要怜悯众生，不要互相残杀，乃至微小的生物，都应当给予无畏。身业清净，常常生于美好的净土；口业清净，远离各种过错，不要吃肉，不要饮酒，调伏心中的蛇（指烦恼），使之进入道果（修行所证的果位）。要深思行业善恶的报应，就像影子跟随形体一样，三世因果循环不会有失，此生如果空过，后悔也来不及了。涅槃的时间到了，我这样教导你们。’ 当时，阿难听了佛陀的话后，身心战栗，情识茫然，悲伤哽咽，深陷忧愁的海洋，全身迷乱，昏沉的心就像死人一样倒在如来面前。这时，阿泥楼逗（佛陀的弟子）安慰阿难，减轻他的忧愁，对他说：‘唉！你为什么如此愁苦？如来涅槃’
English
English version 'Gang' (firm) is like a treasure, 'Chang' (eternal), 'Le' (bliss), 'Wo' (true self), 'Jing' (pure) are complete and perfect, without any deficiency. All Buddhas attain Parinirvana (the state of non-birth and non-death) and enter Parinirvana (final passing away) here. This is the ultimate conclusion, the principle is perfect without any omission. Buddhas relinquish their lives here, hence it is called Nirvana. If you wish to truly repay the Buddha's kindness, quickly attain Bodhi (enlightenment), receive the Buddha's touch on your head (a gesture of blessing or prediction), in every life you are born, do not lose right mindfulness, the Buddhas of the ten directions will always appear before you, protecting you day and night, enabling all sentient beings to obtain the Dharma of transcending the world (the path to liberation beyond the mundane), you should diligently practice this Nirvana Sutra. The Buddha further told Ananda: 'Before I became a Buddha, I manifested entering the path of Udraka Ramaputra (a non-Buddhist ascetic), practicing the four Dhyanas and eight Samadhis (four levels of meditation and eight states of concentration), accepting and practicing his teachings. After I became a Buddha, I criticized his teachings, gradually guiding them, and finally Subhadra (a non-Buddhist practitioner) also entered the Buddha's path. The Tathagata uses the torch of great wisdom to burn the banners of wrong views, like dry grass leaves thrown into a great flame. Ananda! Now I am very worried about my relatives, the descendants of the Shakya clan. After my Parinirvana, you should diligently use good teachings to admonish my family, transmit the wonderful Dharma to them, and teach them with deep sincerity. Do not be frivolous and indulgent, scatter your minds, enter various realms and accept wrong teachings. You have not yet escaped the suffering of the three realms (desire realm, form realm, formless realm), you should seek early liberation from the five turbidities (kalpa turbidity, view turbidity, affliction turbidity, sentient being turbidity, life turbidity) of desire. You should feel worry and fear, feeling unprotected. Once you lose your human body, it is difficult to recover. You must be vigilant throughout your life, the great ghost of impermanence is difficult to escape. Have compassion for sentient beings, do not kill each other, even the smallest creatures, you should give them fearlessness. With pure bodily karma, you will often be born in beautiful pure lands; with pure verbal karma, you will be free from all faults. Do not eat meat, do not drink alcohol, subdue the snake in your heart (referring to afflictions), and lead it to the fruit of the path (the result of practice). Deeply contemplate the retribution of good and bad karma, like a shadow following a form, the cycle of cause and effect in the three lifetimes will not be lost. If this life is wasted, it will be too late for regret. The time of Nirvana has arrived, I teach you thus.' At that time, after Ananda heard the Buddha's words, his body and mind trembled, his consciousness was confused, he was choked with grief, deeply immersed in the sea of sorrow, his whole body was bewildered, his confused mind fell before the Tathagata like a dead person. At this time, Anuruddha (a disciple of the Buddha) comforted Ananda, alleviating his sorrow, and said to him: 'Alas! Why are you so sorrowful? The Tathagata's Parinirvana' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
时至，今日虽有，明旦则无。汝依我语，咨启如来，如是四问：‘佛涅槃后，六群比丘行污他家，恶性车匿，云何共住而得示教？如来在世以佛为师，世尊灭后以何为师？若佛在世依佛而住，如来既灭依何而住？如来灭后，结集法藏，一切经初，安何等语？’” 尔时，阿难如从梦中，闻阿泥楼逗安慰其心，令致四问，渐得醒悟，哀不自胜，具陈上问而以白佛。 佛告阿难：“何为忧苦悲哀乃尔？诸佛化周，施为已讫，法归是处。善哉，善哉！阿难！汝致四问为最后问，能大利益一切世间。汝等谛听，善思念之。”“唯然，世尊！愿乐欲闻。” 佛告阿难：“如汝所问，佛涅槃后，六群比丘、恶性车匿，行污他家，云何共住而得示教？阿难！车匿比丘其性鄙恶，我涅槃后，渐当调伏其心柔和，舍本恶性。阿难！我弟难陀具极重欲，其性鄙恶，如来以善方便，示教利喜，知其根性，以波若慧为说十二因缘。所谓无明缘行，行缘识，乃至老、死、忧悲苦恼，皆是无明憎爱丛林。一切行苦弥满三界、遍流六道，大苦根本无明所起，以波若慧示以性净，谛观根本，即断诸有过患无明。根本灭故无明灭，无明灭则行灭，乃至老、死、忧悲苦恼皆灭。得此观时，摄心定住，即入三昧。以三昧力得入初禅，渐渐次 现代汉语译本：现在虽然有（佛陀在世），明天就没有了（佛陀涅槃）。你按照我的话，去请问如来，这样四个问题：‘佛陀涅槃后，六群比丘（指行为不端的比丘）行为不检点，败坏他人家庭，恶劣的车匿（佛陀的侍者，性格顽劣），如何与他们共住并教导他们？如来在世时以佛为师，世尊灭度后以谁为师？如果佛在世时依靠佛而住，如来既然灭度了，依靠什么而住？如来灭度后，结集法藏，一切经典开头，应该安立什么话语？’ 当时，阿难（佛陀的十大弟子之一）好像从梦中醒来，听到阿泥楼逗（佛陀的弟子之一）安慰他的心，让他去问这四个问题，渐渐清醒过来，悲伤得不能自已，详细地陈述了上面的问题，禀告佛陀。 佛陀告诉阿难：‘为什么如此忧愁悲伤呢？诸佛的教化已经圆满，该做的都已经做完，法应当归于此处。好啊，好啊！阿难！你提出的这四个问题是最后的提问，能够大大地利益一切世间。你们仔细听，好好思考。’‘是的，世尊！我们很乐意听。’ 佛陀告诉阿难：‘正如你所问，佛陀涅槃后，六群比丘、恶性车匿，行为不检点，败坏他人家庭，如何与他们共住并教导他们？阿难！车匿比丘的本性鄙劣，我涅槃后，会逐渐调伏他的心，使他变得柔和，舍弃原有的恶性。阿难！我的弟弟难陀（佛陀的堂弟）贪欲极重，本性鄙劣，如来用善巧方便，教导他，使他欢喜，了解他的根性，用般若智慧为他说十二因缘。所谓无明缘行，行缘识，乃至老、死、忧悲苦恼，都是无明和憎爱的丛林。一切行苦充满三界、遍流六道，大苦的根本是无明所引起的，用般若智慧向他展示性净，仔细观察根本，就能断除一切过患的无明。根本灭了，无明就灭了，无明灭了，行就灭了，乃至老、死、忧悲苦恼都灭了。得到这种观想的时候，摄心安定，就进入三昧。用三昧的力量进入初禅，渐渐地依次进入更高的禅定。