Chinese
大正藏第 12 册 No. 0330 佛说菩萨修行经 No. 330 [Nos. 310(28), 311] 佛说菩萨修行经(亦名威施长者问观身行经) 西晋河内沙门白法祖译 闻如是： 一时佛游舍卫国祇树给孤独精舍，与大比丘千二百五十及众菩萨五千人俱，皆尊菩萨——神通睿达，权慧变化，游三千世界，普利一切莫不蒙济。于时舍卫国大城之中，有豪长者名比罗达(晋言威施)，与其城中诸大长者五百人等，宿意同念，俱从舍卫大城中出，往诣祇树给孤独精舍。前至佛所，即皆稽首，绕佛三匝，问讯世尊，却坐一面。 于时世尊，以无限达，因问威施，及诸长者、族姓子等：“发何志乎？诣如来耶？” 是时威施并诸长者，即白佛言：“吾等，世尊！集坐静处，竞有念言：‘佛世难值，人身由然，得脱离世，同亦甚难。’吾等窃议：‘为用何乘而至泥洹？当以声闻、缘一觉乘取泥洹耶？大乘普智泥洹脱乎？’时吾等举心便发言曰：‘志愿无上乘泥曰，身不以声闻、缘觉脱也。’吾等，世尊！志愿发心无上独尊正意，以斯法故，来奉如来。云何，世尊！菩萨大士，内性常欲应于无上平等正真尊觉，当学何法，而应行住？唯愿如来垂慧普慈， 现代汉语译本 如是我闻： 一时，佛陀在舍卫国祇树给孤独精舍，与一千二百五十位大比丘和五千位菩萨在一起。这些菩萨都非常尊贵，神通广大，智慧深邃，能以权巧方便变化，游历三千世界，普遍利益一切众生，没有谁不蒙受救济。当时，舍卫国大城中，有一位富豪长者名叫比罗达（晋语称威施），他和城中五百位大长者，因为宿世的共同愿望，一起从舍卫大城出发，前往祇树给孤独精舍。他们来到佛陀面前，都向佛陀顶礼，绕佛三匝，问候世尊，然后退坐在一旁。 这时，世尊以其无限的智慧，问威施和各位长者、族姓子们：‘你们发了什么愿望，才来到如来这里呢？’ 当时，威施和各位长者，就对佛陀说：‘世尊！我们聚集在安静的地方，各自心中都在想：‘佛陀出世非常难得，得到人身也很难，能够脱离世俗的烦恼，同样非常困难。’我们私下议论：‘应该用什么乘才能到达涅槃？是应该用声闻乘、缘觉乘来证得涅槃呢？还是应该用大乘的普智来脱离涅槃呢？’当时，我们心中就发愿说：‘我们志愿追求无上乘的涅槃，不以声闻、缘觉的修行来解脱。’世尊！我们志愿发心追求无上独尊的正觉，因为这个缘故，前来拜见如来。世尊，菩萨大士，内心常欲契合无上平等正真尊贵的觉悟，应当学习什么法，才能符合他们的行住？唯愿如来垂怜，以智慧和慈悲普施教诲，
English
English version Thus have I heard: At one time, the Buddha was dwelling in the Jeta Grove, Anathapindika's monastery in Shravasti, together with twelve hundred and fifty great Bhikshus and five thousand Bodhisattvas. These Bodhisattvas were all venerable, possessing great spiritual powers and profound wisdom. They could skillfully transform themselves, travel through the three thousand worlds, and universally benefit all beings, none of whom were not saved. At that time, in the great city of Shravasti, there was a wealthy elder named Biroda (known as Wei Shi in Jin), who, along with five hundred other great elders of the city, having a shared aspiration from past lives, together left the great city of Shravasti and went to the Jeta Grove, Anathapindika's monastery. They arrived before the Buddha, bowed their heads to the ground, circumambulated the Buddha three times, greeted the World Honored One, and then sat down to one side. At that time, the World Honored One, with his boundless wisdom, asked Wei Shi and the other elders and clan members: 'What aspiration have you made that you have come to the Tathagata?' At that time, Wei Shi and the other elders replied to the Buddha: 'World Honored One! We gathered in a quiet place, and each of us had the thought: 'It is very rare for a Buddha to appear in the world, and it is also difficult to obtain a human body. It is equally difficult to escape from worldly afflictions.' We discussed among ourselves: 'What vehicle should we use to reach Nirvana? Should we attain Nirvana through the Sravaka vehicle or the Pratyekabuddha vehicle? Or should we escape Nirvana through the Mahayana's universal wisdom?' At that time, we made a vow in our hearts, saying: 'We aspire to the unsurpassed vehicle of Nirvana, and we will not seek liberation through the practices of Sravakas or Pratyekabuddhas.' World Honored One! We aspire to cultivate the unsurpassed, unique, and correct intention. For this reason, we have come to pay homage to the Tathagata. World Honored One, Bodhisattva Mahasattvas, whose inner nature always desires to accord with the unsurpassed, equal, true, and venerable enlightenment, what Dharma should they learn in order to conform to their conduct and dwelling? We beseech the Tathagata to bestow your wisdom and universal compassion, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 以无极哀，散示疑结。”
Chinese
尔时世尊，告威施曰：“善哉，善哉！诸大长者乃能改俗，舍世之荣乐，发无上正真道意，觐诣如来。又威施等，勤听思念，当演说之：菩萨大士行，得无上等最正觉，志作所应及其觉法。” 长者威施并五百人，即皆叉手受教而听。 时，佛告曰：“是诸长者！菩萨大士发行，欲应无上正真等最觉者，心向众生，当建弘普无极大慈，志习念行勤执无舍，进学无忘，是乃应于无上觉道。又诸长者！若有众生，分其所受身口意恶，彼行非故，命终堕狱故。诸长者！天地聚合，集以众苦，向诸网见众生之类，存心大慈，勤志大悲；守习学行，专精如斯。其身不着衣被饮食，于诸利养意亦不贪，以诸所珍，乐尽施惠。念彼众生，慎行戒具，忍进定智。如是长者！菩萨大士，欲发无上正真道者，当习观法乃应身行。” 尔时，威施及诸长者：“吾等，世尊！当修身三、口四、意三念法。菩萨大士云何应观身行法耶？” 尔时世尊，告威施等：“如是长者！菩萨大士有四十二事而以观身。作是观已，离想结缠。身心意识，缚着吾我、贪身寿命、浊乱诸非，应便除尽。” 是时威施及诸长者，受教而听。 佛言：“菩萨大士！观身污秽本为不净，观身臭处纯 现代汉语译本：以无尽的悲悯，开解众生的疑惑和执着。 这时，世尊告诉威施（Vaisakha，人名）说：‘好啊，好啊！各位大长者能够改变世俗的观念，舍弃世间的荣华享乐，发起无上正等正觉的意愿，前来拜见如来。而且威施等人，勤奋地听闻和思考，我应当为你们演说：菩萨大士的修行，如何才能获得无上正等正觉，以及他们所应立下的志向和所应觉悟的法理。’ 长者威施和五百人，都双手合十，接受教诲并认真听讲。 这时，佛告诉他们说：‘各位长者！菩萨大士发心修行，想要证得无上正等正觉，他们的心要面向众生，应当建立弘扬普遍无边的慈悲，立志勤奋地修习念行，坚持不懈，精进学习而不忘失，这样才能相应于无上觉道。还有各位长者！如果有的众生，因为他们所造的身口意恶业，他们的行为不正，命终之后就会堕入地狱。各位长者！天地聚合，聚集了各种痛苦，针对那些被各种见解束缚的众生，要心怀大慈，勤奋地修习大悲；守护、学习和实践，专心精进于此。他们的身体不执着于衣食，对于各种利益供养也不贪求，将自己所珍爱的东西，乐于全部施舍给他人。要想着那些众生，谨慎地修行戒律，忍辱、精进、禅定和智慧。像这样，各位长者！菩萨大士，想要发起无上正等正觉之心的人，应当修习观法，才能使身行与道相应。’ 这时，威施和各位长者说：‘世尊！我们应当修习身三、口四、意三的念法。菩萨大士应当如何观察身行之法呢？’ 这时，世尊告诉威施等人说：‘各位长者！菩萨大士有四十二种方法来观察身体。这样观察之后，就能脱离妄想的束缚。身体、心意和意识，所执着的我见、贪恋身体寿命、以及各种污浊的烦恼，都应当彻底清除。’ 这时，威施和各位长者，接受教诲并认真听讲。 佛说：‘菩萨大士！观察身体的污秽，原本就是不干净的，观察身体的臭秽之处，纯粹是污垢。
English
English version: With boundless compassion, he dispelled the doubts and attachments of beings. At that time, the World Honored One said to Vaisakha (a proper noun, meaning a person's name): 'Excellent, excellent! You great elders are able to change your worldly views, abandon the glory and pleasures of the world, and generate the intention for unsurpassed, true, and complete enlightenment, coming to visit the Tathagata. Moreover, Vaisakha and others, diligently listen and contemplate, I shall explain to you: the practice of a Bodhisattva Mahasattva, how to attain unsurpassed, true, and complete enlightenment, and the aspirations they should establish and the Dharma they should awaken to.' The elder Vaisakha and five hundred others, all folded their hands, received the teachings, and listened attentively. At that time, the Buddha said to them: 'Elders! Bodhisattva Mahasattvas who aspire to practice, wishing to attain unsurpassed, true, and complete enlightenment, their minds should be directed towards all beings, they should establish and promote universal and boundless compassion, resolve to diligently practice mindfulness, persevere without giving up, advance in learning without forgetting, and thus they will be in accordance with the unsurpassed path of enlightenment. Furthermore, elders! If there are beings who, due to the evil deeds of their body, speech, and mind, their actions are not righteous, after death they will fall into hell. Elders! The heavens and earth gather together, accumulating all kinds of suffering, directed towards those beings who are bound by various views, one should harbor great compassion, diligently practice great pity; guard, learn, and practice, focusing diligently on this. Their bodies are not attached to clothing and food, nor are they greedy for various benefits and offerings, they are happy to give away all that they cherish. They should think of those beings, carefully practice the precepts, patience, diligence, meditation, and wisdom. Like this, elders! Bodhisattva Mahasattvas, who wish to generate the mind for unsurpassed, true, and complete enlightenment, should practice contemplation, so that their actions are in accordance with the path.' At that time, Vaisakha and the elders said: 'World Honored One! We should practice the mindfulness of the three actions of the body, the four of speech, and the three of mind. How should a Bodhisattva Mahasattva observe the practice of the body?' At that time, the World Honored One said to Vaisakha and others: 'Elders! Bodhisattva Mahasattvas have forty-two ways to observe the body. After observing in this way, they can be free from the bondage of delusion. The body, mind, and consciousness, the attachments to self-view, greed for the body's life, and all kinds of defiled afflictions, should be completely eliminated.' At that time, Vaisakha and the elders, received the teachings and listened attentively. The Buddha said: 'Bodhisattva Mahasattvas! Observe the filth of the body, it is originally unclean, observe the foulness of the body, it is purely filth.' --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chinese
积腐烂，观身危脆要当毁坏，观身无强当归碎散，观身如幻诸大变化，观身恶露九孔诸漏，观身盛然淫欲火炽，观身燋烧兴恚毒火，观身愚冥痴蒙毒盛，观身罗网恩爱结缚，观身如疮众患缠绕，观身可患四百四病，观身秽宅受诸虫种，观身无常逝归尘土，观身顽愚不达体法，观身危陋毁落不久，观身无赖常怀多忧，观身无坚老至苦极，观身无倚饰伪纯诈，观身难满受盛无厌，观身巢窟受众色爱，观身贪惑迷着五乐，观身昧冥意怀喜悦，观身无住生死种异，观身识念怀想众贱，观身无友极养会离，观身众食狐吞狼争，观身机关展转无数，观身系属饮食所盛，观身叵视脓血臭满，观身毁灭趣非常法，观身如仇恒多怨害，观身热恼常怀忧结，观身聚殃五阴所误，观身苦器生死剧痛，观身非我众缘积聚，观身无命男女会散，观身为空根受诸情，观身无实譬之如幻，观身虚伪其现若梦，观身伪惑为如野马，观身诈欺其喻响像；是谓长者菩萨大士四十二事观身行法。其不观者或贪身，心神意识由之起灭；其有菩萨如是观已，爱着身命贪爱吾我，疑垢倒谬及诸欲乐、有常之计，皆悉除尽。遵志守一，不惜年寿，如是速具六度无极。斯谓长者菩萨大士，以满六德权化流布，疾得无上成最正觉。” 于是世尊，重加弘演说身行法， 现代汉语译本：观察身体腐烂，观察身体的危脆，知道它终将毁坏；观察身体的无力，知道它终将碎散；观察身体如幻，经历各种变化；观察身体的污秽，九孔不断流出不净之物；观察身体情欲炽盛，淫欲之火燃烧；观察身体被嗔恚的毒火所焦灼；观察身体的愚昧，被痴蒙的毒素所充斥；观察身体如罗网，被恩爱所束缚；观察身体如疮，被各种疾病缠绕；观察身体是可患之物，有四百四种疾病；观察身体是污秽的住所，容纳各种虫类；观察身体无常，终将归于尘土；观察身体顽固愚钝，不了解身体的真实法则；观察身体危险丑陋，不久将要毁坏；观察身体无所依赖，常常怀有多重忧虑；观察身体不坚固，衰老时痛苦至极；观察身体没有依靠，装饰伪装纯属虚假；观察身体难以满足，贪婪地接受而不知厌倦；观察身体是巢穴，接受各种色欲的爱；观察身体贪婪迷惑，执着于五种享乐；观察身体昏昧不明，心中却怀有喜悦；观察身体无常住，生死轮回不断变化；观察身体的意识念头，怀有各种卑贱的想法；观察身体没有朋友，极力养护最终也会分离；观察身体是各种食物的争夺之地，如狐狼争食；观察身体如机关，不断地运转变化；观察身体被饮食所束缚；观察身体令人厌恶，充满脓血臭气；观察身体终将毁灭，趋向无常的法则；观察身体如仇敌，常常带来怨恨和伤害；观察身体被热恼所困扰，常常怀有忧愁和烦恼；观察身体是灾祸的聚集地，被五阴所迷惑；观察身体是痛苦的器具，经历生死的剧烈痛苦；观察身体不是我，是各种因缘的聚合；观察身体没有生命，男女终将离散；观察身体是空，根识感受各种情感；观察身体不真实，如同幻象；观察身体虚伪，其显现如同梦境；观察身体是虚假的迷惑，如同野马；观察身体是欺诈的，如同回声和影像；这就是长者菩萨大士所修的四十二种观身行法。那些不如此观察的人，可能会贪恋身体，心神意识由此生灭；如果菩萨如此观察之后，对身体和生命的爱着，对自我的贪爱，以及疑惑、污垢、颠倒的见解、各种欲望享乐、常住的执着，都将全部消除。他们会遵循自己的志向，坚守一心，不吝惜自己的寿命，这样就能迅速圆满六度波罗蜜。这就是长者菩萨大士，以圆满的六种德行，权巧方便地教化众生，迅速获得无上正等正觉。 于是世尊，再次详细地阐述了观身行法。