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A huge and fearful Asura rose out of the sacrificial fire. The Devas threw their weapons at him, but he swallowed them all. Wonderstruck they prayed to Vishnu for help. Vishnu asked them to go to Dadhichi and pray for his body and assured them that the weapon made of his bones by Visvakarma would cut off the head of Vritra. The Devas went to Dadhichi and got his body. Visvakarma made the thunderbolt instrument (Vajra) out of his bones. Indra went with this instrument at the head of the Devas to fight with Vritra. The fight took place at the commencement of Treta Yuga in the first Yuga cycle of Vaivasvata Manvantara, on the banks of the Narmada. After a severe fight, the chances shewed themselves favourable to the Devas. The Daitya and Danava chiefs began to shew their backs to the enemies. "What is this my companions?" exclaimed Vritra, "Is not death inevitable? And what death is more enviable than that with honor and glory? There are two modes of death, rare though they be, that are given the palm in all religious books—one is by control of the Pranas by means of Yoga and the other is by facing enemies foremost of all, in the battle field." But the Asuras heeded him not. The Devas ran after them. "O ye cowards?" exclaimed Vritra, "What glory do you gain by running after those that fly away. Come and approach those that are in the field." So saying he attacked Indra. Indra in anger threw a large club at him. Vritra easily took it up with his left hand. He struck it with force on the head of Airavata, the elephant of Indra. The elephant receded 28 cubits and vomitted blood, The magnanimous Vritra seeing the distress of the animal did not strike it again. Indra softly touched the injured animal, trying to give it relief and he took respite for some time. Vritra remembered the wicked deeds of Indra and addressed him thus "O thou assassinator of a Brahmana! Thou didst kill thy own Guru, my brother Visvariipa. Thou didst raise faith and trust in my brother’s mind and still thou didst kill that innocent, wise Brahmana, your own Guru, having been initiated by him in Yajna. Your karma makes you worse than even Rakshasas. It is meet that I shall kill thee Purnendu Narayana Sinha, M. A., B. L. 159 with this Trident and make over thy body as food for vultures. And if thou, O Indra, cuttest off my head, I shall be free from the bond of Karma, by offering my body as Bali (sacrificial food) to the animals. Here I stand before thee. Why dost thou not strike with the Vajra. Thou hast been favoured by Vishnu and by Dadhichi. Victory and all the virtues always follow Vishnu. I will do as advised by my deity Sankarshana and attain after death the state of Yogins by sacrificing this body. O Bhagavat, may I ever and ever remain in the Service of thy votaries. This I deem a thousand times more desirable than the attainment of the Supreme Abode, or of Siddhis or of Mukti." Vritra then took the trident in hand and attacked Indra—Indra then had recourse to Vajra and he easily cut off both the trident and one hand of Vritra. Vritra took a club in the other hand and struck both Indra and the elephant. The Vajra slipped out of the hands of Indra and he felt ashamed to pick it up in the presence of his enemy. "Pick it up, O King of Devas, and kill your enemy. This is no time for shame or sorrow. It is not you or I that are the real actors. Bhagavan is guiding us all. He guides the whole Universe. Look at me. I have been worsted, hand and weapon gone, still Iam trying my best to kill you. This our fight is but like the game of dice in which the life of one of us is the stake." Indra could not help wondering at the wisdom and magnanimity of Vritra. He exclaimed "O king of Danavas! thou hast got over the Maya of Vishnu. The Asura nature has altogether- left thee and thou art fixed in devotion to Vishnu. Verily thou art a Mahatma now." They again engaged in fight. This time Indra cut off both the club and the other hand with the help of Vajra—Vritra then opened his mouth and swallowed Indra. There was loud wailing and lamentation all round. But Indra broke through the interior of Vritra with the help of Vajra, and he then forcibly applied the bolt to cut off the head of Vritra. The bolt though actively employed could only sever the head of the Asura King in 360 days. The flame of self from Vritra’s body merged in Shankarshana in the presence of the Devas. The sin of killing a Brahmana a second time followed Indra in the form of a hideous old outcaste woman. He fled away into the Manasa lake and entered the filament of a lotus stalk. He remained there concealed for one thousand years. King Nahusha reigned in 160 A Study of the Bhagavata Purana Svarga during that time. But as he became maddened in pride, Sachi the wife of Indra made him a serpent. The Brahmanas then called back Indra to Svarga, and he reigned there again. THE STORY OF CHITRAKETU. SKANDHA VI. CHAP. 14-17. Chitraketu, the King of Stirasena had ten millions of wives, but he had no son. Rishi Angiras once came to him. The King expressed regret for his childlessness. Angiras performed a Yajna in honor of Tvastri, and gave the sacrificial remnants to the eldest wife. "You shall have a son, O King!" said Angiras. "But he will give you joy and sorrow both." In time the eldest Queen bore a son. Her co-wives grew jealous and poisoned the child. Chitraketu was deeply moved, and he wept profusely. At the time Narada and Angiras came to him. They taught him the worship of Shankarshana. Chitraketu became fixed in the meditation of this second manifestation of Chaturvyuha, and this made him very powerful. He became the King of the Vidyadharas. Once Chitraketu was roaming over the firmament on the char- iot given him by Vishnu, when he saw Siva surrounded by his atten- dants openly embracing His consort Bhavani. Chitraketu made some taunting remarks in the hearing of all. Siva simply smiled, and so did His attendants. But Bhavani cursed Chitraketu with an Asura birth. Chitaketu accepted the curse with an unruffled mind, saying it was the way of all beings to meet with things pleasant and unpleasant in this perishable world, and he only asked Bhavani to pardon him, if he had offended her. "Look how bold the followers of Vishnu are!" exclaimed Siva, "They fear no body in this world. I am also a follower of Vishnu. So I took no offence at the words of the King Vidyadhara." Chitraketu became Vritra by this curse, but his magnanimity and devotion to Vishnu were not lost. THE DAITYAS. SKANDHA VI. CHAP. 18. Purnendu Narayana Sinha, M. A., B. L. 161 KASYAPA = Diti. Hiranyakasipu Hiranydksha 49 Marats, = Kayaddhu Bhanu | ee a ee l ] + Sanhrada Anuhrida Hrida Prahlada Sinhika = Mati = Surya = Dhameni = Drarvi, = Viprachit | | | | j Panchajana Vashkale, Mahisha, Vatapi Ilvald. Virochana, § Rabu. Bali = Asan& | | Bana 99 sons. THE MARUTS. SKANDHA VI. CHAP. 18-19. Diti was very much grieved by the loss of her sons, caused by In- dra. She ardently wished to have a son who could kill Indra. With this object, she served Kasyapa with all her heart and pleased him much. Kasyapa offered to give her any boon, and she prayed for an immortal son that would kill Indra. Sorely perplexed in mind, the Rishi thought within himself of a device. He said "I grant you the boon, but you shall have to observe Punsavana Vrata for one full year." This is a Vaisnava Vrata, the performance of which requires absolute purity of body and mind. Kasyapa related the details to his wife, (for which refer to the original). His object was to give an im- mortal son to Diti and to purify her mind by this Vrata, so that she might cast, off all enmity against Indra. He also thought it possible that his wife might not observe the strict rules for such a long time. Diti however accepted the conditions, and she bore a son. Indra be- came very much frightened, and he closely watched his step mother to discover a breach of the rules. He followed and served Diti always and tried to please her. One day Diti became very much tired, and she fell asleep after eating before she could wash her hands, mouth and feet. Finding this opportunity, Indra, by his Yogic powers entered the womb and split the child into 7 parts. The Maruts wept and requested their half-brother not to kill them. Indra consoled them saying that 162 A Study of the Bhagavata Purana they need have no fear from him, and he would make them his com- panions. He then split each of the seven into as many parts again. By the favour of Vishnu, the Maruts were not destroyed, but came out all alive from the womb of Diti. It was a little short of one year still. Indra made them drinkers of Soma and his chief companions. Diti woke up, and she was astonished to find 49 sons by her. "Tell me Indra if thou knowest" said she, "how is it I have these 49 sons instead of one. Pray do not conceal any thing." Indra gave the whole story to Diti and expressed great repentance. He assured Diti that the Maruts would be his best companions. Diti’s mind had been pu- rified, and she allowed her sons to become Devas. Thus the Maruts, though born as Daityas, became immortal Devas. (Marut Vayu air. Vayu corresponds to the sense of touch and to vital energy). SKANDHA VII. THE MYSTERIES ABOUT THE SURAS AND THE ASURAS. SKANDHA VII. CHAP. 7-1. Raja Parikshit said:—"To Bhagavan, all beings are equal, and He is the dear friend of all. Why did he kill the Daityas for the sake of Indra, as if He was not above partiality. Supreme Bliss Himself, He had nothing to gain from the Devas. Being above the control of the Gunas, He had no fear from the Asuras, and he did not bear any unfriendly feeling for them. We are in doubt as to the virtues of Narayana. Please clear up the doubt.