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Dhenumatt Paramesthin m. Suvarchala | | Pratihartri, Pratistotri m. Stuti Bhuman m. Rishikulya | Udgitha | Chitraratha Sugati m, Urvd Samrft m. Othald Marichi an. Vindumatl Vindumat m. Saraghd Madhu wm. Sumanas ! Udgitri m, Devakulya Prastava m. Virutsd { Vibhu m. Rats Prithusena m. Akrits Nakta m. Riti | Gaya m. Gdyants Abhirodhana 112 A Study of the Bhagavata Purana Madhu on, Sumanas Viravrata m. Bhojd Manthu Pramanthu m, Satya Bhauvava Tvastri m. Virochanaé | Viraja om, Vishichs 400 sons 1 daughter SKANDHA V. TABLE V. PRIYAVRATA. SKANDHA V. CHAP. 1. Priyavrata was, from the beginning, under the influence of Narada. So he declined to take part in the rule of the universe; till at last Brahma persuaded him not to shirk his assigned work. King Priyavrata married Barhishmati, the daughter of Visvakarma. By her he had ten sons Agnidhra &c., all names of Agni. Of these ten, Kavi, Mahavira and Savana were spiritually inclined and they became Parama Hansas (Parama Hansa is one who gives up the world entirely and becomes fixed in Brahma). Priyavrata had by another wife three sons: Uttama, Tamasa and Raivata. They all became Manus. Priyavrata reigned for 400,000,000 years. The Sun-god Aditya moves round the Sumeru Mount and sends his rays up to the Loka- loka range, illumining half the regions while the other half remains dark. King Priyavrata in the exuberance of spiritual power deter- mined to illuminate the dark regions and to make it all day and no Purnendu Narayana Sinha, M. A., B. L. TS, night. He followed the Sun-god seven times with a chariot as swift and bright as that of the Sun-god himself even as though he were a second Aditya. Brahma appeared saying "Desist, O Son, this is not thy assigned duty in the universe." The ruts caused by the wheel of Priyavtata’s chariot are the seven oceans, which gave rise to the seven Dvipas—Jambu, Plaksha, Salmali, Kusa Krauncha, Saka and Pushkara. Of these Dvipas, each succeeding one is twice as large as the one preceding it. The seven oceans respectively consist of: 1) Kshara (Salt), 2) Ikshu (Sugarcane juice), 3) Sura (wine), 4) Ghrita (clarified butter), 5) Kshira (milk), 6) Dadhi (curd) and 7) Suddha (pure water). They are like ditches round the Dvipas and their dimensions are the same as those of the corresponding Dvipas. King Priyavrata divided the seven Dvipas among his seven sons thus:— To Agnidhra, he gave Jambu Dvipa. " Idhmajihva, me Plaksha Dvipa. " Yajnavahu, " " Salmali Dvipa. ""Hiranyaretas, " " KuSa Dvipa. " Ghritapristha, " " Krauncha Dvipa. " Medhatithi, "" S&ka Dvipa. " Vitihotra. Nee 1a Pushkar Dvipa. He gave his daughter Urjasvati in marriage to Sukra. The famous Devayani was their daughter. 114 A Study of the Bhagavata Purana SKANDHA V. CHAP. 2. King Agnidhra presided over Jambu Dvipa. He saw the Apsara Purva-chitti and became love-stricken, so much so that he became a jada (Jada is literally fixed, materialized hence idiotic, mad.) The King had by her nine sons Nabhi, Kimpurusha, Harivarsha, Ilavrita, Ramyak, Hiranmaya, Kuru, Bhadrasva and Ketumala. Each of them presided over the Varsha of his name. They were respec- tively wedded to the following nine daughters of Meru,—Merudevi, Pratiripa, Ugradanstri, Lata, Ramya, Syama, Nari, Bhadra and De- vaviti. SKANDHA V. CHAP. 4-6. Nabhi had for his son RISHABHA an Incarnation of Vishnu. Rishabha knew his Varsha to be the field of Karma. He married Jayanti and had by her one hundred sons. The eldest and most qual- ified of his sons was Bharata, Bharatavarsha is named after him. The chief amongst the remaining ninety-nine sons were Kusa- varta, Ilavarta, Brahmavarta, Malayaketu, Bhadrasena, Indrasprik, Vidarbha and Kikata. These nine were the immediate successors of Bharata and were attached to him. Following them were Kavi, Hari, Antariksha, Prabuddha, Pip- palayana, Abirhotra, Dravida, Chamasa and Karabhajana. They were devoted to Bhagavan. Their story will be related in the 11th. Branch of this Purana. The younger eighty one sons were devoted to karma and they were great performers of Yajna. Rishabha called his sons together and gave them proper advice. He taught them Atma Vidya and revealed to them his own nature as the all pervading Purusha, free from Avidya. "This my body is inconceivable. My heart is pure Satva. All impu- rities were cast off by me. Therefore good people call me ’Rishabha’ (primarily a bull, secondarily the best). You are all born of my heart and so you all are great; follow your brother Bharata willingly. By serving him you will do your duty by your subjects." So saying, he made over the reins of government to Bharata and himself became a Parama Hansa. He took the vow of silence and never spoke again. He looked blind, dumb and deaf like one obsessed and mad. He went everywhere in this state, heedless of what others Purnendu Narayana Sinha, M. A., B. L. 115 said. People flocked round him wherever he went. At last he thought the rush of people to be an impediment to yoga and took the vow of Ajagara life (Ajagara is a huge python that does not move, but eats whatever comes within reach of its mouth). He remained fixed at one place. The yoga powers (Sidhis) sought him but he spurned them all. When he foresaw the end of his prarabdha karma Rishabha went about at will and travelled in Kanka, Venkata, Kitaka and South Kar- nataka. While in the forest of Kiitaka he thrust some stones into his mouth. At that time the wind blew high and the bamboo tops caught fire and the body of the King was consumed. In Kali Vuga, King Arhat of Kanka, Venkata and Kitaka will hear of the deeds of Rishabha and in the name of religion will introduce all sorts of sacrilegious prac- tices as sanctioned by Rishabha’s example. SKANDHA V. CHAP. 7. King Bharata married Panchajani, the daughter of Visva. He had by her five sons—Sumati, Rashtrabhrit, Sudarsana, Abharana and Dhimraketu. This Varsha was formerly called Ajanabha. When Bharata became king, it was named after him Bharata Varsha. King Bharata performed the Vedic Yajnas and made offerings to the Devas. But he knew the Devas as manifestations only of Vasudeva. His mind became pure and filled with Satva. He lost himself in devotion to Va- sudeva. At last he divided his kingdom amongst his sons and himself went for Tapas to the hermitage of Pulaha in the kshetra of Hari on the Sacred Gandaki. He meditated in his heart on the lotus feet of Bhagavan and became suffused with ecstasy. Bharata invoked the golden Purusha in the rising sun by a special Rik (Vedic Mantra) and addressed Him thus, "Let us attain the spiri- tual rays of luminous Savitri that are beyond Rajas and that are the generators of Karmic effects. By His Manas He created this universe. He preserves the Jiva again by permeating this universe." SKANDHA V. CHAP. 8. Once upon a time king Bharata had bathed in the Gandaka and after performing the daily practices was meditating on Pranava on the river-side. A deer came to drink water at the time. While the animal was quenching her thirst a lion roared not far off and she in terror jumped into the river. As she happened to be big with child, 116 A Study of the Bhagavata Purana she was delivered of it at the time. Exhausted, the deer got back to the river side only to die. The new born fawn was being washed away, having no one to take care of it. Bharata took pity on the little fawn. He took it up and brought it to his hermitage. He brought it up as his own child and became deeply attached to it. He constantly thought of the deer-child, even so much so that when death approached he could not forget it and became re-born in another birth as a deer. But though born as a deer, Bharata did not lose the memory of his former birth. He reflected that the mind that had been trained and controlled in the worship of Vasudeva went astray only for the sake of one deer-child. He left the Kalanjara hills where he was born as a deer and sought for Salagram, sacred with the Asramas of Pulastya and Pulaha. He waited calmly for the exhaustion of Karma that had given rise to his deer life. He then gave up his body in the sacred waters of the Gandaka. SKANDHA V. CHAP. 9. A Brahmana of the line of Angiras had nine sons by one wife. They were all well versed in the Vedas, He had one son by another wife and one daughter. This son was said to be an incarnation of Bharata. He was afraid of sanga (company), so much so that he would not even speak to any one for fear of acquiring new Karma. People took him for an idiot. His father strove hard to teach him the Vedas but did not succeed. His parents died and his half brothers had charge of him. Their wisdom was that of the Vedas. They had not learned Atma Vidya. So they did not understand the nature of Bharata and neglected him. They gave him poor meals for the day’s work in the fields. At one time a thief wanted to propitiate the goddess Bhadra Kali by human sacrifice in order that he might be blessed with a child. The victim that was procured somehow untied himself and fled. The attendants searched for him on all sides in vain. They at last fell upon Bharata who was watching in the fields in a peculiar way. They found him most suited for sacrifice and tied him up and carried him to the altar of Kali. He was duly consecrated and the priest took up a sharp instrument to cut off his head. Kali could no longer remain uncon- cerned. She rushed forth in rage from out of her image, wrested the knives from the hands of the thieves and cut off their heads. Purnendu Narayana Sinha, M. A., B. L. 117 Once upon a time Rahugana King of Sindhu and Saubira was trav- elling in a palanquin.