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249 present, when they saw what was done, secretly wished that he wonld not receive them ; and as he himself was wiser than any of them, he replied, "It is not proper that I, who am only a snhject, shonld receive garments that helong to the king; I want them not ; only grant me yonr protection and favour, and I reqnire no more." The king returned to the queens their present, greatly praising Jiwaka ; and appointing him the annual produce of many gardens and villages, he became his friend. There was in BAJagaha a rich nobleman who had a pain in his head, like the cutting of a knife. Two medical men came to visit him, but they could do nothing for him ; one said that he would die in five days, and the other in seven. The king was much concerned on receiving this intelligence, as the death of the noble would be a great misfortune to the city ; and he requested Jiwaka to see him; who, when he had made the necessary examination, said that there were two worms in his head, one large and the other small ; the large worm would cause his death in seven days, and the smaller in five. '* Of the two physicians," he proceeded, ** one saw the large worm only, and the other only the smaller one ; but I will free you from danger in three days, though there is no other person in the world who could do the same." The noble, trembling from the fear of death, told him that he would give him all his property, and would become his servant, if he saved his life. Jiwaka promised to cure him, if he would grant him one request, and told him not to be afraid. The request was, that without removing from the same place, he would lie seven months on his back, seven months on his right side, and seven months on his left side, in all twenty-one months ;* and Jiwakfk said further, " If I give you pain, you must not attribute it to me as a crime, but must give me permis- sion thus to afflict you ; parents and teachers chastise their children, that they may be made obedient: and physicians Aegina one talent, about £383 sterling, for remaining with them one year. Two years afterwards Folykrates, of Samos, offered him two talents. When he had cured Darius, that king sent him into the hareeni to risit his wiyes. Being introduced as the man who had saved the king's life, the grateful sultanas each gave him a saucer full of golden coins. — Herod, iii. 130. Qrote'B Greece, iv. 841. * If the medical men among the Jews treated their patients in a similar manner, the command given bj God to Ezekiel, iv. 5, to lie on his left side 390 days, and on his right side 40 days, would appear less strange. 250 A MANUAL OF BUDHISM. afflict their patients for their benefit, that by this means they may free them from disease. '^ He then took the noble into an upper room, sat behind him, and taking a very sharp instrument,* opened his skuU ; and getting aside the three sutures, he seized the two worms that were gnawing his brain, with a forceps, and extracted them entire. One was the worm that would have killed him in five days, and the other in seyen. He then closed up the wound in such a manner ^h^t not i^ single hair was dis- placed. He had made his patient piromise to remain in one place twenty-one months ; aj\d under the hands of any other physician thip would have been necessary, but he now declared that in twenty-one days he would be perfectly well, and no longer a detention would be req^uired. The noble offered him in return an in^mensity of treasure, bi^t he was not willing to receive it ; he only took a lac of treasure from the king and another from the noble, w;th a few other things. The fame of Jiwaka now became everywhere ki^own, like the banner of Jambudwipa. There was a nobleman in Benares, who in his youth, whilst in the act of leaping, twisted one of his intestines into a knot, on which account l^e was not able to pass any solid food, and could only eat a little at a time, just enough to save life ; his body gradually became like a piece of dry iffood, and oil might be poured into the holes that presented themselves between his bones, and kept there as in a vessel. From all parts of Jan^budwipa physicians came, so that the dqor of his n^ansion was beset by them continually ; but they all declared, on seeing him, that they were unable to assist him. Then the father of the noble, who had heard of the fan^e of Jiwaka, took a rich present to Raja- gaha, which he presented to Bimsara, ai^d requested tbat he might receive the assistance of the renowned physician. At the request of the king, he went to Benares; and on being introduced to the noble, he asked him at once if he felt any symptoms as if his intestines were in a knot, and if it Qrst came on when he was leaping or taking violent exercise. On beipg answered in the affirmative, he said that he could cure him, and putting everybody * The aDcients had anired at very great perfeotion in the making of surgical inBtruments, as may be seen in many Egyptian paintings. The instruments found in a house at Pompeii, supposed to have belonged to a surgeon, hare a great resemblance to those in use at the present day. VU. LEGENDS OP g6tAMA BUDHA. 251 oat of the room but the noble's wife, be bolted tbe door, then bound bis patient to a pillar that he might not move, covered his face, bound bim with a cloth, and taking a sbarp instrument, without the noble's being aware of what was going on, ripped open the skin of his abdomen, took out his intestines, just showed the lady in what way the knot was twisted, and then replaced them in a proper manner. After this he rubbed some ointment on the place, freed the noble from the pillar, put him in bed, gave him a drink of rice-gruel, and in three days he was able to rise, and was as well as ever. The noble presented him as his feo 16,000 masurans, with horses, chariots, cattle, and slaves in abundance, and with these he returned to Bajagaha, as in grand procession. From all countries the people came to him, and requested his assistance as if they were asking for a divine elixir, or the water of immortality. At that time Ghandapprajdta, king of TJd&xn* who had the jaundice, sent messengers to Bim8ara,t with royal gifts, request.* ing the aid of Jiwaka, but he several times refused to go. This king had an unconquerable aversion to oil. He could not bear to have it in his food, nor to be anointed with it, nor to have it in the lamps by which his palace was lighted. They were there- fore trimmed with malakada (tallow?). It was because his father was a scorpion, that this aversion arose. His mother accidentally imbibed the scorpion's emission, by means of which she conceived ; but the child she brought forth was of a most cruel disposition, and was therefore called Chandapprajdta. It was on account of his aversion to oil, that Jiwaka was unwilling to go to Ud^ni, as it was not possible to cure him without using it in the preparation of the medicine. Other messengers, with greater gifts, sncceeded the first, and at last Jiwaka was prevailed upon by Bimsara to go, as Chandaprajdta was his friend. When the great physician had seen the king, it occurred to him that he might endeavour to give the medicine by stealth ; were he to administer it openly, it might cause both his own destruction and * Ujjajani or Onjein, a city so called in MalaTa, formerly the capital of Yikramaditja. It is one of the soTPn sacred cities of the Hindus, and the first meridian of their geographers : the modem Oujein is about a mile south of the ancient city. — Wilson's Sanscrit Dictionary. t The messengers made their first application to the king ; and Naaman acted in a similar manner when lie received a letter, not for Elisha, who was to heal him, but for the king of Israel. — 2 Kings v 6. 252 A MANUAL OF BUDHI8M. that of the king. He therefore informed him that he could effect the cure of his disease ; but there was one thing that he must mention to the monarch, which was, that doctors are unwilling to make known to others the ingredients of which their medicines are composed ; it would be necessary for him to collect all that he required with his own hand, and therefore the king must give directions that he be permitted to pass through any of the gates of the palace whenever he might choose. Ghandappra]6ta had four celebrated modes of conveyance. 1. A chariot called oppanika, drawn by slaves, that would go in one day 60 yojanas, and return. 2.