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But they did not meet with anything like the appearance of water ; the men became exhausted from thirst; and when evening came, they untied the wagons and placed them in a circle, fastening the oxen to the wheels ; there was no water for the oxen to drink or for the men to prepare their rice ; exhausted, they threw themselves down here and there, and fell asleep. When the night was about half over, the demons came from their city, slew the oxen and men, and devoured them, leaving at their departure nothing but their bones. Thus, through the folly of the mer- chant, all these beings came to destruction ; their bones were V. g6tama b6dhisat: his virtues, etc. 113 scattered abroad; and the 500 wagons were left in the path, full of goods. About a month and a half after the departure of the unwise merchant, Bddhisat commenced his 3onme7, after lading his 500 wagons with goods, and by degrees came to the beginning of the desert. Here he filled his large jars with water, and when the people were encamped, he called them together by beat of dram, and said, '*No one is allowed to touch even a drop of water without permission from me ; there are poisonous trees in this desert ; therefore let no one eat any leaf, fruit or flower that he has not been accustomed to before, without my consent." After giving this advice, he entered the desert, along with his wagons. When he had arrived at about the middle, the ydka, in the same manner as in the former instance, appeared in the path ; but B6dhisat knew him, and reflected, ^ There is no water in this desert ; it is on this account that it has received its name of waterless ; this person has fearless, red eyes ; his shadow does not appear ; without doubt, the unwise merchant who preceded me has thrown away his water, so that the men have become exhausted, and then been devoured ; this demon knows not my superior wisdom, nor my readiness in expedients." Then he said to the ydka, "You may all be off, out of the way ; we shall not throw away our water until we meet with more ; when we come to other water, we will then throw away the water we have brought, and thus lighten our wagons." Upon hearing this, the ydka went te a little distance, vanished, and returned to his demon city. After his departure, the attendants of Bddhisat came to him, and said, '* My lord, these people say that the Yerge of a green forest appears in the distance; from thence the rains are constant; they are adorned with lotus flowers, and carry red and white water flowers in their hands; they are eating the roots of water plants; and their garments are dripping with wet ; it will be better, there- fore, to throw away our water, that we may lighten our wagons, and proceed more quickly. But Bddhisat no sooner heard these words, than he commanded the people to stop, and assembling them together, he enquired, " Did you ever hear from any one that there is either lake or pond in this desert ?" They replied, " We never heard of any such thing ; is it not called the Water- less Desert?" B<5dhisat: ^'The men we saw told us that the 114 A MANUAL OP BUDHISM. verge of a g^en forest, where the rains are oonstant^ appears in the distance ; now to what distance does the rainy wind extend ?'* The attendants : '^ It blows about a yojana." B6dhisat : *' Well, has any one of yon all felt this wind ?** The attendants : "No, sir." BcSdhisat : " How far may the rain-cloud be seen ?'* The attend- ants : " About a yojana." Bddhisat : " Has any one of you all seen it ?" The attendants : " No, sir." Bddhisat : " To what distance does the lightning appear ?*' The attendants : " About a yojana." Bddhisat : " Has any one of you all seen its flash P" The attendants : " No, sir." Bddhisat : " How far can the sound of the thunder be heard ?" The attendants : " About a yojana." BcSdhisat : " Has any one of you all heard it ?" The attendants : " We have not heard it, sir." Bodhisat : " Good people, these are not men ; they are demons ; they wish us to throw away our water, that when we are exhausted thoy may devour us ; the un wise merchant who preceded us, will have thrown away his water and been destroyed : the 500 wagons will be left in the road, full of goods, and we shall find them ; do not throw away a single drop of water, but drive on with all haste." They soon afterwards found the 500 wagons, full of goods, with the scattered bones of the men and oxen. Then untying their oxen, they put their wagons in the form of an encampment, and when the oxen had eaten grass, and the men been refreshed, they placed the cattle in a circle, and the men around them, the stoutest of whom kept guard during the three watches, until the dawn, with swords in their hands. The next day, early in the morning, when the men and oxen had again been refreshed, they put away their weak wagons and took strong ones, and exchanged their inferior goods for those that were valuable. On their arrival at the place of merchandise, B6dhisat sold his goods at a high price, and the whole company returned in safety to their own city. At the conclusion of this discourse, Budha said to the nobleman, Anepidu (for whose sake it was spoken), '' The followers of the reasoner (whose perception of truth is limited) came to a great destruction ; whilst the followers of the non-reasoner (who has an intuitive perception of the truth) were preserved from the demon, went in safety to the place at which they wished to arrive, and then with great satisfaction returned in safety to the city whence they came. Joining the history of An6pidu and the Jataka together, Budha delivered the following stansa : V. G<5TAJkiA B<5dHISAT: HIS VIRTUES, ETC. 115 " ApaTinahanthAnaineke, Dutijan ihutakkiki. Etadanny&yamedh&wi, Tanganhej adapazmakoD." * 4. The Munxka Jdtaka. In tills birth, Bddhisat was a bull. He bad a younger brother, who one day complained to him that they did all the work and liyed only on grass, whilst a boar, their master had purchased, was fed on all kinds of dainties, and did nothing. But Bddhisat told him not to envy the lot of the boar, as it would soon have the worst of it. And thus it fell out, as the boar was killed for food at a feast that was celebrated in honour of the marriage of their master's daughter.f 5. The Mahasa Jdtaha, In this birth, Bddhisat was a tradesman, who went from village to Tillage to dispose of his wares. One day, when at the house of a carpenter, whose head was bald, like a copper porringer, amus- quito alighted thereon ; and the carpenter called to his son, who was near, to drive it away. The son, taking a sharp axe for this purpose, aimed a blow at the insect, but split his father's head in two, and killed him. On seeing what was done, Bddhisat said that an enemy was better than a foolish relative or friend. 6. The Chma Jdtahu In this birth, B6dhisat was a lion, and lived upon a rock, near a small lake, surrounded by mud. Upon the pasturage which the mud afforded, deer and other animals of a similar species were accustomed to graze. One day Bddhisat being hungry, ascended to the top of the rock, and looking around, he espied a deer feeding on the borders of the lake. Approaching the spot, he roared aloud, and sprang forward to seize the deer; but the animal being affrighted by the noise, bounded away. The lion, therefore, fell into the mud, and as he sank so deep that his four feet were held fast, he was unable to get away. Seven days * The Btanza is thus translated by Mr. Gkgerly : " Some declare umnixed tmths : reasoners speak diversely. The wise man, knowing this, takes that which is unmixed." — Friend, ii. 20. t This leeend bears a considerable- resemblance to the fable of '^ the wanton calf. l2 116 A MANUAL OF BUDHISM. there he remained, withont a morsel of food, when a jackal came near ; and though he was at first afraid, yet as the lion informed him of his sitnation, and requested his assistance, he assumed courage, and making a channel for the water to come from the lake to the feet of the lion, he thus softened the mud, and released the prisoner from his confinement. The lion and jackal, with their families, afterwards lived together for some time, in the same cave, in great harmony. 7. The Titiduha Jdtaha. In this birth, Bddhisat was the king of 80,000 monkeys. The tribe lived in the forest of Himdla, near a village, in which was a timbery tree laden with fruit.