Chinese
这就是所谓的（持戒）。菩萨的戒律之根本在于依靠居士身份的近住戒，以及男女居士、出家众、比丘、比丘尼、沙弥、沙弥尼、式叉摩那，这八种别解脱戒中的任何一种，并具备愿心和行心。一般来说，不是产生戒律所依之身的有：五种不男之人、化身、两性人、外道、犯了五无间罪的人、父母、国王不允许的人、无法驱赶乌鸦的人、屠夫等种姓，以及头发是黄色、手是残疾等身体有缺陷的人，都应该舍弃。根本：区分而言，居士有两种。守护一个方面，比如舍弃杀生。在此之上，舍弃不予而取，具备一个方面。在此之上，舍弃妄语，守护大部分。在此之上，舍弃邪淫和酒，就被认为是守护圆满的居士。舍弃四根本和酒这五者，被称为梵行居士。也就是说，守护其中任何一个根本是一个方面。再增加一个，守护一个方面。守护三个，守护大部分。守护四个根本和酒，是圆满。守护四个根本和酒这五者，是梵行居士。根本：在出家众的十个学处中，允许接受金银是为了养育子女。歌舞和花鬘这两者，因为是小的过失而被算作一个。被称为八支斋戒的，不是偶尔守护，而是经常守护的，就像旃陀罗·郭弥那样的居士。也就是说，在出家众的十个学处中，允许接受金银是为了养育子女，歌舞和珍宝花鬘的装饰，因为是小的过失而被算作一个，被称为八支斋戒的，不是偶尔守护，而是无时无刻经常守护的，就像印度地区的旃陀罗·郭弥那样的居士。居士们在初八、十五、三十和四大节日等日子里所守护的八支斋戒，以及比这更甚的梵行居士，因为舍弃了女性，所以也不是居士，因为没有受持出家的标志，所以也不是出家众。
English
That is what is called (holding precepts). The basis of a Bodhisattva's precepts lies in the Upavasa precepts that rely on the layperson's status, as well as male and female lay devotees, renunciates, monks, nuns, male and female novices, and female probationary monks, any of these eight types of Pratimoksha vows, and possessing both the aspiration and action mind. Generally, those who are not a basis for generating vows are: the five types of eunuchs, emanations, hermaphrodites, non-Buddhists, those who have committed the five heinous crimes, parents, those not permitted by the king, those who cannot drive away crows, butchers and other such castes, and those with physical defects such as yellow hair and crippled hands should be abandoned. Root: In terms of distinctions, there are two types of lay devotees. Guarding one aspect, such as abandoning killing. On top of that, abandoning taking what is not given, possessing one aspect. On top of that, abandoning lying, guarding mostly. On top of that, abandoning sexual misconduct and alcohol, then they are considered lay devotees who guard completely. Abandoning the four roots and alcohol, all five, is known as a Brahmacharya lay devotee. That is to say, guarding any one of the four roots is one aspect. Adding one more, guarding one aspect. Guarding three, guarding mostly. Guarding the four roots and alcohol, is complete. Guarding the four roots and alcohol, all five, is a Brahmacharya lay devotee. Root: Among the ten training precepts of the ordained, accepting gold and silver is permitted for the sake of raising children. Dancing and garlands, these two are counted as one because they are minor faults. Whatever is known as the eight-branched precepts, not guarding occasionally, but always guarding, is like the lay devotee Chandragomin. That is to say, among the ten training precepts of the ordained, accepting gold and silver is permitted for the sake of raising children, and the adornment of dance and precious garlands, because they are minor faults, are counted as one, whatever is known as the eight-branched precepts, not guarding occasionally, but constantly guarding without interruption, is like the lay devotee Chandragomin in India. The eight-branched precepts that laypeople observe on the eighth, fifteenth, thirtieth, and four great festival days, and even more so, the Brahmacharya lay devotee, because they have abandoned women, are not laypeople, and because they have not taken the signs of ordination, they are not renunciates either.
Chinese
据说，旃扎·果弥阿阇梨也仅仅依赖于别解脱戒。皈依三宝的居士是，涅槃经中说：“凡皈依佛者，是为正居士。”因此，皈依三宝后，即为真正的居士。其中，圆满居士的断除之法为四根本和酒，共五种。皈依三宝的居士有三种断除之法，三种修行之法，三种顺合之法。出家方面，分为受近圆戒和未受近圆戒两种，第一种又分为中间者和沙弥两种。第一种包括舍弃皈依、不敬阿阇梨和堪布、接受在家人的标志、舍弃出家人的标志等。根本是：沙弥戒杀生、偷盗他人财物，非梵行、妄语以及掺杂的酒等，歌舞等、花鬘等、大高床，非时食、接受金银都要断除。受持十学处是其特点。这是说沙弥直接指出的断除之法有粗略的十种，从侧面来说，有从细微处区分的两种。如果将这些归纳起来，可以归纳为戒律、谨慎、苦行三个方面。这些的详细情况应参考《释论》。根本是：比丘尼是在此基础上，对于已生者，接触等十二种断除之法，连同对治之法，以女性烦恼，两年等时间，观察能否忍受戒律。这是说，比丘尼是在获得沙弥的十种学处的基础上，再受持比丘尼戒。也就是在原有的基础上，对于已生者，通过接触等十二种断除之法的对治方法，以女性的烦恼，在两年等时间里，观察能否忍受戒律。其中，十二种断除之法是六根本法和六随顺法，共十二种。七种无罪也属于比丘尼。根本是：比丘的四种根本堕罪，十三种僧残，三十种堕罪，九十种单堕，四种悔过，一百一十二种恶作。二百五十三种是其总数。这是说，比丘的四种根本堕罪是：非梵行
English
It is said that Acharya Chandra Gomi also relied solely on the Pratimoksha vows. A layperson who takes refuge in the Three Jewels is, as stated in the Nirvana Sutra: "Whoever goes for refuge to the Buddha is a true layperson." Therefore, having taken refuge in the Three Jewels, one is a true layperson. Among these, the things to be abandoned by a complete layperson are the four roots and alcohol, making five in total. A layperson who takes refuge in the Three Jewels has three things to abandon, three things to practice, and three things that are in accordance. In terms of ordination, there are two types: those who have taken full ordination and those who have not. The first type is further divided into intermediate and novice monks. The first includes abandoning refuge, disrespecting the Acharya and Khenpo, taking the signs of a householder, and abandoning the signs of a renunciate. The root is: A novice monk should abandon killing, stealing the property of others, non-celibacy, lying, and adulterated alcohol, as well as dancing, garlands, large high beds, untimely food, and accepting gold and silver. Upholding the ten precepts is its special characteristic. This is saying that the things to be abandoned that are directly pointed out for a novice monk are roughly ten, and indirectly, there are two types distinguished from subtle points. If these are summarized, they can be summarized into three aspects: discipline, mindfulness, and asceticism. The detailed explanations of these should be consulted in the commentary. The root is: A Bhikshuni is on top of that, for those who are born, the twelve things to be abandoned such as touching, along with the antidotes, with female afflictions, for two years or so, observe whether or not one can endure the precepts. This is saying that a Bhikshuni is on the basis of obtaining the ten precepts of a novice monk, and then taking the Bhikshuni vows. That is, on the original basis, for those who are born, through the antidotes of the twelve things to be abandoned such as touching, with female afflictions, for two years or so, observe whether or not one can endure the precepts. Among these, the twelve things to be abandoned are the six root dharmas and the six conforming dharmas, making twelve in total. The seven faultless ones also belong to the Bhikshuni. The root is: A Bhikshu's four root defeats, thirteen remainders, thirty defeats, ninety single defeats, four confessions, one hundred and twelve misdeeds. Two hundred and fifty-three is the total number. This is saying that a Bhikshu's four root defeats are: non-celibacy.
Chinese
邪淫和不予取，杀生和妄语这四种。其上，僧众有十三种僧残，即：自己泄精，触摩执持的僧残，说淫秽语的僧残，求敬重赞叹的僧残，作媒的僧残，房屋的僧残，大房屋的僧残，无根的僧残，少分的僧残，离间的僧残，随顺的僧残，毁谤家的僧残，不如意的僧残。加上之前的四种，共十七种。三十种舍堕是：持有的舍堕，离别的舍堕，月置的舍堕，使人洗涤法衣的舍堕，取衣的舍堕，乞求的舍堕，乞求智慧的舍堕，估量乞求的舍堕，各自估量乞求的舍堕，寄托的舍堕，丝绵坐垫的舍堕，黑羊毛坐垫的舍堕，混合两种的舍堕，六年用的舍堕，一拃高的舍堕，路上拾羊毛的舍堕，使人洗羊毛的舍堕，触碰珍宝的舍堕，有明显标志的舍堕，做买卖的舍堕，持钵过十日的舍堕，寻找多余钵的舍堕，使人织布的舍堕，生起织机的舍堕，夺取的舍堕，由赌博而来的舍堕，寺庙离别的舍堕，大布的舍堕，回向转为其他的舍堕，积蓄的舍堕，共三十种。九十种单堕是：妄语的单堕。1，然后依次是说过失的。2，做离间的。3，安立过失的。4，为女人说法的。5，与未受具足戒者一同诵经的。6，行不净行的。7，离间人和上师的。8，诽谤的。9，轻蔑的。10，损毁种子和生长的。11，嘲笑的单堕。12，不听教诲的。13，从住处离开的。14，从坐垫离开的。15，给予的单堕。16，之后压制的。17，生根的。18，与生物一起的。19，次第增上建造的。20，比丘
English
The four are sexual misconduct, taking what is not given, killing, and lying. In addition to that, there are thirteen Sanghavasesa offenses for monks: Emission of one's own semen, Sanghavasesa of touching and holding, Sanghavasesa of speaking obscene words, Sanghavasesa of seeking respect and praise, Sanghavasesa of acting as a mediator, Sanghavasesa of a house, Sanghavasesa of a large house, Sanghavasesa without foundation, Sanghavasesa of a small portion, Sanghavasesa of causing discord, Sanghavasesa of following, Sanghavasesa of defaming a family, Sanghavasesa of displeasure. Including the previous four, there are seventeen in total. The thirty Nissaggiya Pacittiya offenses are: Nissaggiya of holding, Nissaggiya of separation, Nissaggiya of monthly placement, Nissaggiya of having someone wash robes, Nissaggiya of taking robes, Nissaggiya of begging, Nissaggiya of begging for knowledge, Nissaggiya of estimating and begging, Nissaggiya of estimating and begging separately, Nissaggiya of entrusting, Nissaggiya of a silk cushion, Nissaggiya of a black wool cushion, Nissaggiya of mixing two parts, Nissaggiya for six years, Nissaggiya of a span high, Nissaggiya of picking wool on the road, Nissaggiya of having someone wash wool, Nissaggiya of touching precious jewels, Nissaggiya with obvious signs, Nissaggiya of doing business, Nissaggiya of holding a bowl for more than ten days, Nissaggiya of seeking extra bowls, Nissaggiya of having someone weave, Nissaggiya of setting up a loom, Nissaggiya of seizing, Nissaggiya from gambling, Nissaggiya of separation from a monastery, Nissaggiya of a large cloth, Nissaggiya of dedicating to another, Nissaggiya of hoarding, totaling thirty. The ninety Pacittiya offenses are: Pacittiya of lying. 1, then in order, speaking of faults. 2, making slander. 3, establishing faults. 4, teaching Dharma to women. 5, reciting scriptures together with those who have not taken full ordination. 6, engaging in impure conduct. 7, separating people and teachers. 8, slandering. 9, despising. 10, destroying seeds and growth. 11, Pacittiya of ridicule. 12, not listening to teachings. 13, leaving from a dwelling. 14, leaving from a seat. 15, Pacittiya of giving. 16, suppressing afterwards. 17, taking root. 18, together with living beings. 19, building successively higher. 20, Bhikshu
Chinese
关于向俗人说法之堕罪。二十一，日落时说法之堕罪。二十二，因少量食物之堕罪。二十三，给予衣服之堕罪。二十四，制作衣服之堕罪。二十五，于道路行走之堕罪。二十六，与比丘尼一同乘船之堕罪。二十七，使隐居者处于有保护之境地之堕罪。二十八，站立之堕罪。二十九，使人准备食物之堕罪。三十，屡屡食用之堕罪。三十一，食用食物之堕罪。三十二，取剩余食物之堕罪。三十三，食用舍弃物之堕罪。三十四，舍弃物被盗之堕罪。三十五，聚集而食之堕罪。三十六，非时而食之堕罪。三十七，储蓄之堕罪。三十八，未经给予而取用之堕罪。三十九，乞讨食物之堕罪。四十，与有情一同享用池水之堕罪。四十一，睡眠之堕罪。四十二，居住于家之堕罪。于睡眠之家站立之堕罪。四十三，给予爱子食物之堕罪。四十四，观看军队之堕罪。四十五，处于军队之中之堕罪。四十六，扰乱陈设之堕罪。四十七，打架之堕罪。四十八，意图打架之堕罪。四十九，接受恶劣住处之堕罪。五十，使人断食之堕罪。五十一，触碰火之堕罪。五十二，使欲求退转之堕罪。五十三，于夜晚剩余时间睡眠之堕罪。五十四，不舍弃邪见之堕罪。五十五，随顺舍弃物之堕罪。五十六，收集被摈弃之沙弥之堕罪。五十七，不更换衣服之堕罪。五十八，触碰珍宝之堕罪。五十九，沐浴之堕罪。六十，杀害畜生之堕罪。六十一，生起后悔之堕罪。六十二，制作骨胶之堕罪。六十三，于水中嬉戏之堕罪。六十四，与妇女一同睡眠之堕罪。六十五，使人惊吓之堕罪。六十六，向比丘展示各种令人恐惧之想法，以求谄媚。呵责之堕罪。六十七，以布施为生之堕罪。六十八，诽谤之堕罪。六十九，与妇女一同行走之堕罪。七十，与妇女一同于超过呼喊范围之外的道路上行走。与盗贼一同于道路上行走之堕罪。七十一，与偷盗他人财物之人一同于超过呼喊范围之外行走。未满二十岁而受具足戒之堕罪。七十二，挖掘之堕罪。七十三，于旅店居住过久之堕罪。七十四，舍弃近学之堕罪。七十五，倾听之堕罪。七十六，不语而行之堕罪。七十七，不恭敬之堕罪。七十八，饮酒之堕罪。七十九，傍晚进入村庄之堕罪。八十，于村庄游荡之堕罪。八十一，夜晚进入王宫之堕罪。八十二，特别杀害之堕罪。八十三，制造障碍之堕罪。八十四，修理床脚之堕罪。八十五，以木棉分隔