English
* The Gérvdna-pada-manjart, by Varada Raja Bhatta, takes notice of a gloss on a Sdénkhya-bhdéshya, In the opening couplets to many copies of the Laghu-kaumudi, Varada Raja is called pupil of Bhattoji Dikshita; and, as such, preceded Nages’a Bhatta by two generations. Sce Colebrooke’s Miseell. Essays, Vol. 1I., pp. 12,13. If, then, it be not Mahddeva’s epi- tome which Varada Raja intends, he probably refers to some work now lost. + Nages’a’s numerous works need not here be ‘particularized, An anec- dote which I have heard from several panidits, synchronizes Nages‘a with Jaya Sinha, Rijé of Jaypur; who, as is known from the Jayasinha-kalpa- druma,—by Ratndkara Bhatta, son of Deva Bhatta,—was reigning as late as the Samvat year 1770, or A. D. 1713. f This singular epithet was gained by this enthusiast, in consequence of his wearing a cleft stick on his tongue, during the latter years of his life, as a check on his habit of loquacity. Vis’wes’waradatta died at Benares only three years ago. His preceptor was one Vidydranya Tirtha, a Siraswata Brahman. The Sdnkhya-taranga belongs to a series of tracts called, col 33 VI. The Réja-vdrtika, said to have been composed by, or for, Ranaranga Malla, sovereign of Dhérd.* \. Such commentaries on the Tatiwa-samdsa as have been pro- cured, will now be named. I. The Sarvopakdrini, by a nameless writer. II. The Sdnkhya-sitra-vivarana, also by an anonymous ‘author. — aa TII. The Sdénkhya-krama-dipikd, Sdnkhydlankédra, or Sdn- ee khya-sitra-prakshepika it likewise of unknown paternity. sae ee ee lectively, S'ré-kds’¢-rdja-sdgara. I have seen at least twelve or fifteen works by its author, who composed largely in Hindi and Marahatti, no less than in Sanskrit, * For this appropriation I am indebted to the learned Pandit Kas’inatha ’ §/astri Ashtaputra, of the Benares College. The Pandit is by far too well acquainted with B shoja Raja’ 's commentary on the Yoga-sttra, to have mis- taken it for the Rija-vt vdrtika. The latter treatise, he assures me, was in his ‘possession several years, during which he constantly lectured on it to his pupils. The only surviving extract from this work, generally known, is found in the couplets quoted, by Vachaspati Mis’ra, near the end of the Sdnkhya- ” kaumudé ; and in the Sarvopakérini. They have been cited in the note at “pr 27, supra. + This work was published and translated by Dr. J. R. Ballantyne, in 1850; pp. 65, 8vo. Its titles were, at that time, unascertained. Dr. Réer—Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal for 1851, p. 405— states that the author of the Sdnkhya-tattwa-vilésa imputes this work to Asuri; but he contests the credibility of this attribution, on the showing of the commentary itself. It does not positively appear, however, that the author of the Séxkhya-tatiwa-vildsa is speaking of the Sdnkhya-krama- dipiké. For Panchas‘ikha as scholiast of the Tattwa-samdsa, see p. 12, supra, foot-note. To revert once more to A’suri; since the first sheet of this preface was printed, acommentary on the Shad-dars’una-samuchchaya has been procured, in which occurs the only passage attributed to this sage, that has yet offered itself to view. It is as follows ;: F 3h IV. The Tattwa-ydthérthya-dipana, by Bhavé Ganes’a Dik- shita,* son of Bhava Vis’ wanatha Dikshita, and pupil of Vijnana Bhikshu. V. An unnamed volume of annotations, by Kshem4nanda,t+ son of Raghunandana Dikshita. The Sdukhya-kdrikd, by Ts'wara Krishna,t ranks, in Hindu estimation, and deservedly, foremost among the Sénkhya com- fafam eaqaicaat set Arise FAA stata: eR Ga TRAVITAY | The Shad-dars/ana-samuchchaya, I now find, has, for its author, Hari- bhadra Siri. The commentary on it, to which reference is here made, the Shad-dars’ana-vritti, is by Charitra Sinha Gani, disciple of Mati-bhadra Gani, disciple of Bhava-dharma Gani, a scholastic successor of Jina-bhadra Suri, disciple of Jina-rija Suri. Hari-bhadra Siri gives an account of the origin of the word Sénkhya, ‘which, as being altogether novel, deserves to be produced. While acknow- ledging the connection of Kapila with the Sinkhya, he alleges that the followers of this doctrine receive their appellation from the first doctor of their school, Sankha or S/ankha. His words are: qrewfafa arfia- ZWAT | wrigquatafiad wal! And, elsewhere: are tf qe- atafatd wart BPE Ta VSM! Aaa a ware | HOFATATSS- feqwa ) . He has also commented on the Yoga-sitra, in the Yogdnus'dsana-sitra- vritti. Another of his works is the Prabodha-chandr rodaya-chich-chandrikd, er scholia on the Prabodha-chandrodaya drama. + Author, also, of the Nava-yoga-kallola, or Nydya-ratnékara ; a concise treatise explanatory of the Yoga Aphorisms. He describes himself as belong- ing to a Kanyakubja family of Ishtikapura,—our barbarized Etawah, I am told. The only copy I have inspected of Ksheménanda’s notes on the ee is imperfect in its latter half. ft. The history of I’s’wara Krishna is utterly unknown. Swapnes/wara, in . tis Kaumudi-prabhd, makes bim one with Kalidasa : Tycauara Aifa- S184 Ga Hifcaz | These words are coutnnoue with the extract given in a foot-note to p. 10, supra. The only two MSS. of the Kaumudi-prabhd that I have seen, are defective at the conclusion, where Swapnes’wara may, perhaps, have enlarged on the traditional identity which he reports. 35 positions referred to mortal authorship.* Annexed are the names of such of its commentaries as have come to light. I. ‘The Sdnkhya-kdrikd-bhdshya, by Gaudapfida, preceptor of Govinda, of whom Sankara Acharya was disciple.+ The name Kalidasa, it is worth remarking, is no longer in use; though Kalidasa is of constant recurrence. That Kili, one of the names of Darga, is, as an exception to the ordinary rules of combination, an element of the former, is the opinion of Prof. Wilson, in his Dictionary. The word may also be justified by Panini, VI., 3, 63. Yet, if I may rest on the honesty and the memory of a pandit whom I have seldom found tripping, it is said, in the Pérdénanda-mata-chandriké, that the compound Kalidasa, at least in the use of Pdrananda schismatics, is derived from Kalin,—nom. Kali,—an epithet of their divinity, whose sword was called Kila. * The text of the Sénkhya philosophy, from which the sect of Buddha seems to have borrowed, its doctrines, is not the work of Kapila himself, though vulgarly ascribed to him ; 3_but i it purports to be composed by I's’wara Krishna,” Colebrooke’s Miscell. E: Essays, Vol. Ly py 103? This hasty criticism, which has no support from I’s’wara Krishna’s own pretensions, must have escaped the notice of Colebrooke, at the time of \ recommitting his Essays to the press. Kaviraja Yati, in the Sdnkhya-tattwa-pradipa, qualifies, to be sure, I's‘wara Krishna, as sdnkhya-mila-kéra. This is, however, palpably, only an hyperbolical compliment. The couplet with which Gaudap4da’s commentary terminates, by no means implies that the Memorial Verses are the work of Kapila. See Prof. Wilson’s Sdnkhya-kdriké, p. 187. The original Sanskrit of the Sénkhya-kérikd, unaccompanied by any com- mentary, has been published by Lassen; also, in Roman characters, by M, G. Pauthier. These verses have beeu translated into Latin, by Lassen: into German, terman, by M. C. J.H. Windischmann; into English, by Colebrooke ; and into nto French, , by MM. G. Pauthier and Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire, + Colebrooke’s Miscell. Essays, Vol. I. p. 233. S’ankara lived at “ the close of the eighth, or beginning of the ninth, century.” Id., ibid., Vol. L, p. 332. M. F. H. H. Windischmann thinks that he died not long before the year_750, Sancara, sive de Theologumenis Vedanticorum, p. 42. For works by Gaudapada, connected with the Upanishads, see Colebrooke’s Miscell. Essays, Vol, I., pp. 95, 96. Add his commentary on the Uttara- gitd ; for which see my Catalogue, &c., Vol. I, p. 118. F2 36 II, The Sdnkhy ya-tatiwa-kaumudi, or Sdnkhya-kaumudi ; by Vachaspati Mi Mis'ra, ra,* pupil of Martanda-tilaka SwAmi. Gaudapada’s Bhdshya on the Sénkhya-kérikd, including the Memorial Verses, was published, by Professor Wilson, at Oxford, in 1837. Prefixed to the originals is the Professor’s translation of the commentary, accom- panying Colebrooke’s version of the text. * There seem to have been two learned Hindus of the name of Vachaspati Mis‘ra. Of the Jawyer sc so called, Colebrooke says: “ No more than ten or twelve generations have passed since he flourished at Semaul in Tirhtt.” Digest of Hindu Law, &c., Preface, p. xix.: 8vo. ed. of 1801. The same writer, after speaking of Vachaspati Mis’ra, the author of the Bhdmatt- nibandha, goes on to remark: “This is the same Vaéchaspati whose com- mentaries on the Sdnkhya-kariké of I's‘wara Chandra [Krishna], and on the text and gloss of Patanjali’s Yoga and Gotama’s Nyéya, were noticed in former essays. He is the author of other treatises on dialectics (Nydya), and of one entitled Tattwa-bindu, on the Piérva-mtmdnsé as it is expounded by Bhatta. All his works, in every department, are held in high and deserved estimation.” Miscell. Essays, Vol. I., pp. 332-3. It hence appears as if Colebrooke recognised this Vachaspati as distinct from some other,—from the jurist, in all probability. This distinction seems, in truth, to be indis- putable; and yet I am unable to pronounce on the precise date that should be assigned to Vachaspati the lawyer; and materials fail me to verify the decision as to his age, cited above from Colebrooke, In the Dwaita-nirnaya, he mentions that he wrote that work at the instance of Jaya, consort of Bhairava Raji, and mother of Purushottama; but he enters into no further particulars. In another of his tracts, however, the Vivdda-chintémani, he alleges that, with a view to composing it, he had consulted, with other works, the Ratndkara.