English
The people were ignorant, dispirit- ed, enslaved, in one country as in the other. The last of the poets of the Augustan and Vikramadityan ages had disappeared and had left no successors. The great names in science and learning were also a memory ‘of the vast; none had appeared again to take their ‘place. And as if to make the parallel complete, the last ‘remains of the Latin and Prdkrit-Sanscrit spoken ‘tongues were replaced after the dark ages by modern Tange ‘ges, the Italian, French, and Spanish in Eur- ope ‘ad the Hindi, &, in India. The people were ‘kept in ignorance, fed with unwholesome superstition RCD, A LIL’ 32 498 . PAURANIK PERIOD. [BOOK Vv. beguiled with gorgeous and neygr-ending festivals. Everything bore the appearance of disintegration and decay ; and national life seemed extinct. But here the parallel ends. The sturdy feudal barons of Europe soon mixed with the people, fought the people’s battle in the field, the council board or the counting house, and thus infused a new and vigorous life in modern nations. In India the caste- system prevented such a fusion, and the Rajput Ksha- triyas, isolated from the people, soon fell a prey to foreign invaders and were involved in a common _tuin, | Darker days then followed on the loss of indepen- dence, Kshatriyas and Vaisyas. were equally pros- trated. The ‘bold myth was then proclaimed that ‘all who were not Brahmans’ were Sidras; that none but Brahmans were entitled to religious knowledge, or could perform sacred rites or wear the sacred thread. A grosser superstition and a deeper degeneracy follow- ed in the wake of monopoly in knowledge,—that know- ledge which was the common right of all Aryans for three thousand years,~-that knowledge without which "a nation is dead. Terrible is the penalty which the Hindus have paid for their national ignorance and caste disunion, their social degeneracy and political weakness. for six cen- turies after 1200 A.D. the history of the Hindus is a blank. They were the only civilized Aryan nation in CHAP. XV.] LATER PAURANIK CIVILIZATION. 499° the earth over three thousand years ago ; they are the only people socially lifeless and politically prostrate: to-day, not only among Aryans, but among all the civi- lized fations of the eartht = After six centuries of national lifelessness, there. are indications of reviving life. There is a struggle. in the land to go beyond the dead forms of religion, and to recover what is pure, nourishing, life-giving. There is an effort to ignore caste disunion, to create a social union which is the basis of national union. There is an endeavour to interpret social usages in their original sense, to tear asunder senseless restrictions, to eschew. unhealthy modern customs. There are be- ginnings of ‘a national consciousness among the people. It rests _mainly with ourselves what use is made of ‘these opportunities, Nations shape their own destiny ; and there is no modern nation in Europe but has won its place in the world’s history by hard, honest, unre- mitting struggle. Hf, true to ourselves and our educa tion, we can eradicate what is hurtful and disuniting in us, and cherish what is healthy and life-giving; if, conscious of our common sad fate, we can forget our littlenesses, and sacrifice our petty class interests in order to unite; and if, confident of our common destiny, we can learn to work honestly and unselfishly and stead- fastly in the path of progress and advancement—ouri national future is assured. 5000 . PAURANIK PERIOD. [BOOK V. It may be England’s high privilege to restore to an “ancient nation a new and healthy life. Under the vivifying influences of modern civilization, ancient races in Greece and in Italy have begun a new intellectual vand national career. The influence of civilization will : spread, and the light of progress which has been light- ‘ed in Southern Europe will yet spread to the shores of “the Ganges. And if the science and learning, the sym- pathy and example of modern Europe help us to regain in some measure a national consciousness and _ life, Europe will have rendered back to modern India that kindly help and brotherly service which India ren- dered to Europe in ancient days—in religion, science, and civilization. INDEX. iene &. Abhidhmnia Pitaka. IY, 191 ; 193; 195; 196; INT, 863101. — Abhimanyu, (king of Kashmir.) 1, 15; IX%, 54; 262. Acbhiva {tribe}, THE, 515 65; 150. Abhisheka, (Baptista), 11, 892; 338, Abinas Ohandre- Kavivetaa. Ti, Aborigines, I, 74 et seq. ;81 ot seg.; 123; 169; 210; 236; 219 et seq; 288 5 288; 275; 11, 19; 0; 29; TIT, 155 to 167; 310; 320. ; Abu. IT, 29; iM, 285 5 354, - Achivanga Sitra. TI, 820 ef 80g. Acharya. Ti, 89; 109. ‘Acharya (caste). IE, 150, “Actors. IIT, 146; 319; $20. metal (priest). I. 169; 170; ‘Adhytima Rimdyana. IIT, 904. Adistra (king of Bengal}. EH, AS 5 246, Aditi. 1, 123; 124 et seg.; 187; TIT, 460. Aditya. I, 124 et seq. 3 137; 224s 264; TIT, 485; 493, Administration. 1,47; 182; 1, B5 of seq. 3 833 it, 170 ef geq.; , 340. Adoption. I, 107. (See Daita.) Adultery, I, 102; 907 ; 261; 264; TE, 47; 48; 163; HII, 190; 18%; 196; 342; 490. Agastya, story of, ITI, 494, Agni. es 10k; 104; 1265 1275 482; 202; 227; 265 ; 242; 2795. 207; i 5 1125 124. Agni Purana. (See Purinas.) Agnidhra tpriest), 3,277. — Agnihotra (sacrifice), 1, 205; 248 5. 276 5 EL, 97 3 100; Tat, 262. Agnihotri. 1, 284, —— (king of Kashmniz).. Agnimitra (king of Magadha). TH, 473 48; 404. Agnishtoma (sacrifice). I, 2765: iI, 100. Agnosticism. HT, 142 ; 238 ef seg. 3. 2593 320. AgnySaihana (sacrifice). 1, 276 of seg. ; TE, 100; 116 ; ILE, 161 ; 335. Agra. I, 24; $4; TE, 27; 301. ahfyani (sacrifice) Tl, 95 100; 128; 122, : Agrayana {sacrifice). 1, 216; IT,. 100 ; TIT, 163. Agreement, breach of. ILI, 187. Agriculture. , 46 ; 55 et seq. ; TE, 39; 42; 50 et goq.3 83 ob 800.5, 190; 926; IIE, 146; 396. : Ahalya. i 282 5 TE, 154. Ahan (Dawn). 1, 50; 136. waniya Fire, I, O17; IT, 16... Ahi. 1, 119 ot seg, Ahindike (caste), Ud, 151. Ahura Mazd. I, 115. Ainslie. Hi, 389. : Aira (king of Kalinga). IE, 134, 502 Ajitareya. (See Brahmanas, Aran- yakas, Upanishads.) Aitareya Mahidasa. dasa.) Ajitareyin, 1, 175. Ajanté& TTI, 113; 132; 135; 136. Ajatasatru of Kasi. 1, 168; 203 ot seq. 3 222. Ajatacatru of Magadha. I, 39; TX, 32; 215; 221; 222; 229; 297; TH, 41, iAjivaka sect. IT, 206; 319; 325. Ajmir. 1, 32. Alberuni. LIT, 63; 209; 215; 304; 397 3 475 to 500. Alexander the Great. I, 15; 17; 215 220; 261; Hi, 33; 207; EW, (See Mahi- Afoxander of Epiros. 1,22; Hi, 345 THE, 14; 16. Algebra, (Hindu). to 38h. ANliahabad. 3,192; 235; INI, 17; 18 ; 64; 95; 119; 120; 479. Aloes. II, 326, Alphabet. ITT, 25 to 34,496. Altar. I, 277; 278; II, 127; 198. Amalaka fruit. IT, 326; 17, 346. Amara Sinha. I, 27; 29; 33; 40; ITI, 214 ; 219; 290. Amaravatt, TI, 6; 24; 260; III, 110; 128; 127; 128; 265, -Ambapali (a courtesan). II, 224; 225. Ambashtha (caste). II, 72 et seg. INT, 149 ; 309; 814; 315. Ambika, I, 129; 285; III, 275; 288, : Amrita. I, 69. Ananda (Buddha’s friend), TY, 214; 215; 217; 221 to 227; 290; 295; If, 101. Ananda (Jaina Disciple). to 327. TH, 373; 379 II, 325 INDEX. Anandaram Borooah. Anangapal of Lahore, III, 237. Anavalobhana. (See Pregnancy.) Andhrat I, 18; 23; 39; 210; 224; TI, 5; 24; 2; 11,5; 14; 48to 51; 57; 60; 109; 110; 115. Anga (East Behar). II, 22; 109; IIT, 37; 103. Angas. (See Jaina Scripture.) Angels. II, 266; 257. Angiras. I, 52; 128; 128; 139; 154; 155; 160; 174. Angiras (Astronomer). ITI,, 204. Angiras. (See Dharma Sastras.) Anhalwara Pattun. (See Puttun.) Animals, domestic, I, 45; 593; 723 733-79; 88; 239; 245; 251; II, 31; 87; 88; ILI, 21. Animals, slaughter prohibited. HY, 21. Animal food. I, 66, et sey.; 95 ; 253 et seg.3 II, 17; 104 et seqg.; 112; 128; TIT, 144. Anvaprasana. child.) Ansa (god). I, 125; IIL, 493. Antamahimatra (Frontier Officer). HII, 6; 19. Antigonas. 14; 16. Antiochus, I, 22; IT, 34; 209; TH, 8; 14; 16. Antyavasfyin (caste). II, 71; III, 11. Anukramani, I, 171; IT, 14. Anuradhapura (town in Ceylon). Ii, 299; IT, 138. Anuruddha (Buddhist disciple). TY, 2143 215, Anusamyina (Buddhist mony). If, 6; 8. Annsfsana tworks). I, 271. Auuvyakhyana (Commentary). I, 270. — I, Pref. (See Feeding of I, 22; Ii, 34; WI, cere- INDEX, Anvashtaka (ceremony). Ii, 122. . Apachya (tribe). 1, 221; 223. Ss (Frontier nations). OY, Aparantake, (West Panjab), 7 298, Aparasila ‘hdaare 1H, 110. Apastamba, (See Satras, Dharma. sastras.) Apaviddha (son), I, 57 ef seq.; LI, 195. Apostles. IT, 380. Apache (sacrifice), I, 977; II, Aptyas (gods). 1, 222. Aran (sacrificial fire-weod), i, 3126. Aranyakas, Taittiviya, 1, 1095177 70; 3 iY, 2. Aitareya, I, 54; 173; 177; 295. Kaushitatdi. I, 177. Ayattas (tribe). 17, 22. . Architecture, JI, 26; 86; 280; 3155 TIT, 97; 100; 102; 109; 110; 1133 116 to 140; 147; 2105 346 to 370; 486. Avdhasirin (caste), INT, a6, Ariano-Pali character. HI, 29. Avistotle, If, 171. ‘ Arithmetic (Hindu), I, 270; 1, 182; TL, 378 to 381; 496. Arjiktya. ’ (See Beas.) Arjana. I, 120; 187 ot seq.; 2113 265; ILT, 496 0¢ seg. Arjani (Dawn). I, 185. Army, I, 238; II, 27 to 30; 38; IMI, 92; 173; 176 ot seg.; 179. (See' Infantry, Cavalry, Ele- ' phants, Chariots.) Arnold. ITT, 445. Arrian. If, 41; 88; IIT, 384. Arsha Marriage. U1, 91; TH, 164; 327, : ‘ , Artisans, TY, 37; 50; 503 Arshey’ Brthmana. M1, 14, _ Avts. I, 68 to 725 IT, 37; 86 to 88: HY, 1443 146 et seq. 3 406 5 467. 72; 82; _ TTT, 146; 251; B14; 0; 360; - 966 5 467. Arana (a name of Biva), I, 285, Arunfyana (tribe), IIT, 64.