English
Of the Rig-veda five Charanas are mentioned : !• The S&kalas.! 2. B&shkalas.^ 3. Ai(vald.yanas/ 4. I§d.nkh&yanas.^ 5. M&ndukayanas.^ We miss the names of several old S&kh&s such as the Aitareyins, 6ai6iras^, Kaushitakins, Paingins, Pan^iv. 3. 128.: iv. 2. 117. ' B^hkala. Not mentioned in P4nini. As to its etymologyy cf. P&n. ii. 1. 65. * Pan. iv. 1. 99. : Gana nadadi. This ^kh& is spelt S&nkhyajana, ^nkhjajana, Sinkhft- jana and S&nkh&jana. The last^ however, is the most correct spelling. See I^ini, Granap&tha, aivfidi, and ku^jadi. This Sakh& is omitted hj accident in MS. K I. H. P&n. iv. 1. 19 (text). M&ndiika ; derivative, M&EidK&ljana. See also pan. iv. 1. 119. ^ The Saii^ira sakha, however, may perhaps be considered as a subdivision of the Sakala-d&khsL SaiSira, or Sisira, is mentioned in the ParS,nas as one of the five Sakala pupils, who propagated different l^kh&s of the Rig-veda, all of them derived from the original recension of Sakalja Yedamitra. In the Vishnu-purana these five pupils or descendants of ^kalja Yedamitra are called Mudgala, Gosvala, Vitsya, 6aliya, and &6ira. (Vishnu-pur. 277.) In the y&3ru-purana their names are Mudgala, Golaka, Khaltya, Matsya, Saii^ireya. In the commentary on the S&kala-pr&tiSakhya they are called Mudgala, Gokula, Vatsya, Saiiira, and Sidira, according to the Paris MS.; or Mudgala, Grokhula, Yatsya, Sarira, and ^isira, according to the MS. at the E. I. H. CHARANAS. 369 while the A6vald.yanas, who are mentioned, must be considered as the founders of one of the latest S&khUs of the Rig-veda. The number of S&kh&s of the Yajur-veda is stated at eighty-six. We have first the twelve Charanas comprehended under the common name of Gharakas. They are, according to the MS. of the Charanavyiiha : 1. Charakas.^ 2. Ahvarakas.^ 3. Eathas.^ 4. Pr&chya-kathas.* 5. Eapishthala-kathas.^ 6. Ch&r&yaniyas.^ The verses to which this commentary refers are not in the MS. 1 Pftn. iv. 3. 107. text ; y. 1. 11. text. Gana EshipakadL 3 Ahvarakasy & K. D. Ahftrakas, Sansk. 6. P. Hvarakas, MS. Berol. 785. Cf. Pan. ii. 4. 20. ; vi. 2. 124. ; iii. 2. 135. comment. Several of these names are verj problematical. ' I^n. iv. 3. 107. text; ii. 1. 65, com.; vii. 4. 38. text; ti. 3. 42. com. ; ii. 4. 3. com. ; i. 3. 49. com. ; ii. 1. 163. com. * Cf. pan. vi. 2. 10. * P&n. viii. 3. 91. Kapishfhalah and Kapisthalam. Gana krau- dj&di and upak^di. As to Ka/z&VJoXoc, see Megasthenes, edit. Schwanbeck, p. 33. note, and p. 108. ® Pan. iv. 1. 89. com.; iv. 1. 63. com. ; iv. 1. 99. com. ; iv. 3. 80. con). Gana nad&di. BB 370 CHARA.MA& 7. V&ratantaviyas.^ 8. Svet66vataras.* 9. Aupamanyavas.® 10. P&tas/ 11. Aindineyas.* 12. Maitr&yanlyas.® . The MaitiAyaniyas are subdivided into seven Oha- ranas : — 13. M&navas.^ 14. V&rahas.® 15. Dundubhas. 16. Chhagaleyas.^ 17. H&ridravlyas.^^ 18. jSyfilmas.^^ 1 Vartantavlya, MSS. See, however, Pan. W. 3. 102. • A different reading is mentioned in the 6. K. D., namel; 6vet4 6vctatar4h. MS. Chamb. 785., baa 6vetah g^tanUural 376. Sveta AiSvatarah. Sansk. G. P., Svetah Svetatarah. s See Oa^ Vid^i. < AsUtbalakathaa, 6. :K- !>• Patan^iyas, Chamb. 785. 6 seo OanapAtha, art H?*<^ 7 pan.* !▼'• *• 105. Gana €rarg4di, unless the reading manutao^^* ^ Paa* iv- 2. 80. Gaa Varahadi. Pin. iv. 1. 78. Chaikeyas S. K. D. MSS. Chamb. 376. 785, have ChhSgey MS. 785- places the BSLridrav^yaa at the end, adding five n( divisions- ^Tw ^iRi[41'n' in? it^ J|;^ H^l ^ |prexi^T:i Pan. iv. 1. Il7, Chhagala, gtreyaft chet, cbhfiga anyal^; iv. 3. 109, ChbaS*^®^'"^ * ^"- ^' 2, Gana taksha^im Chhagaleyah, Pan. iv. 2. 30, ^a^* Sakhy&di. o p&n. iv. 3. 104, Harid^*'* ^""^ ^^Hdravinah ; iv. 4. 58, Ga kisaradi- 11 Gana &ivadi. CHARANAS. 371 19. Sy&md,yaniyas.^ Then follow 20. Taittiriyas, subdivided into 21. Aukhiyas^ and 22. Kbandikiyas.* The Ehftndikiyas are again subdivided into: — 23. Kaieyas.* 24. I§d.tyd.yanins. 25. Hiranyake^ins. 26. Bh&radv&jins. 27. Apastainbins. This gives altogether twenty-seven Sllkh&s, the same number which is mentioned in the Ytshnu-purdina^, although the manner of computing them is different. Then follow the fifteen j§ftkh&s of the Y&jasaneyins, a number which is confirmed by the Pratijn4-pari- 6ishta, and has also been preserved in the Vishnu- pur&na, while the Charanavydha of the ^bda- kalpa-druma brings their number to seventeen. They are : — 28. J&baias.^ Pan. iv. 3. 104. • Aukshjaa and Ankhyas, S. K. D. ; Ankhiyns, Ch. 785. ; Au- shejas, Ch. 376. Cf. PiIdu iv. 3. 102. s Kbandikijas, Ch. 785. ; Shandikeyas, Ch. 876. ; Pftn. iy. 3. 102. ^ The Charanayyiiha of the 6. K. D. has, ^ 23. Apastambins ; 24. Baiidhayanins ; 25. Satyarfi&dhins ; 26. Hiranyakedins ; 27. Aukheyas or Audheyins. MS. Ch. 785. has, — 23. Kftleyns (K&* ley&h, Pan. iv. 2. 8.); 24.^tyayana0 (P&iu Iv. 81 105.); 25. Hiran- yakei^; 26. Bharadvljas; 27. Apastambtyas. MS. 876., Ka- letaa, 6ik\yiLjinma, HiranyakeMns, Bh&radvajins, Apaatambins. • P. 279. " Of the tree of the Yajur-veda there are twenty-seven branches, which Vaidampayana, the pupil of Yyftsa, compiled and taaght to as many disciples." Pa^. vi. 2. 38. text ; ii. 4. 58. 1. B B 2 372 CBARJ^AS. 29. Baudheyas.^ 30. Kanvas.* 31. MlUIhyandinas.' 32. S&pheyas.* 33. T&paniyas.* 34. Eapolas.^ 35. Paundravatsas.^ 36. Avatikas.® 37. Param&vatikas.^ 38. Parft6arya8.i<> 39. Vaineyas." 40. Vaidheyas.^ 41. Audheyas.^ 42. Mauneyas,^* Though the number of the SfiLkhSis of the Yaju veda is stated as eighty-svx by the Charanavy&b > Baudheyas^ P.-p. Cli- 785. ; Augbeyas, S. K. D. ; Gaudheji 8. G. R. ; Baudhayanas, Ch. 376. E. L H. ; Baudhih, Pan. iL 58. 1. * Pijo. iV. 2. ill. tejct. MSxlbjandineyaa, Ob. 376. See Gana utsadi. * 6k%^jr^ ^--P- ; 6ap' jas* S. K, D. ; g&peya, Gana saunaka^ T&pS/anfjas, 6. K- X>- 5 Ch. 376. ; Tapayanaa, Ch. 785. KaJApaa, P.-p.; K^pfilas, 6. K. D. ; Ch. 785. ; Blapolaa, 376. 7 Pftondravachhas, I^.-p- i ^^ 376. Cf. Pan. vii. 8. 24. Cf. Oana gargidi, r&n- i^- J- 17. ; iv. i. 75, text. PafH&vatikas or ParainA^^ti^as, g. k. D. 10 parfiiaraa, P.-p. . ch. 785. 376. ; Pfirfiiariyas, g. K D.; G kpi^vftdi ; garg&di. 11 Vaidheyaa, Oh. 785. ; Vaineyaa, Ch. 376. Vaidheyas, Ch. 376- ; Vaineyas, Ch. 785. i Aukhyas. R.p.. ^ddhas, Ch. 376. ; Ugheyaa, g.K.D.; Pib. u. 4. 7. ; AukhiyaB, ^Jb. 785. ^ -^"^ u Baudhya6va8,P..p. . ^touneyas, Ch. 785.; Bodheyas, Ch. i The 6. K. D. addB here,^42. GaUvas , 43. Vaijaras ; 44. Kai yanijas. CHABANAS. 873 the names given, including the Vfljasaneyins, amount only to forty-three, exactly half the number expected.^ It is difficult to account for this, for although some other names are mentioned, for instance the Pr^hya, Udichya and Nairritya Kathas, yet this would not in. crease the number of l§d.khlLs sufficiently. The largest number of l^&kh&s is ascribed to the S£lma-yeda. It is said to have been a thousand. The author of the Charanavyiiha, however, confesses that the greater part of them no longer exist. Those remaining at the time when the Charanavyiiha was composed were the seven S&kh&s of the 1. Rftnftyaniyas.^ 2. S&tyamugryas.® 3. EUlUpas/ 4. Mah&kalopas.^ 5. Lftngal&yanas.^ 6. g&rdiUas.^ 7. Kauthumas.* The Eauthumas are again subdivided into the 8. Afiur&yanas,^ 9. V&t&yanas.^^ 1 In a MS. of the Charaka-iyikhft of the E^thaka, 101 l^hfts of the Yajur-veda are mentioned. Catalogue of the Berlin MSS. p. 38. " £kottar8dat&dh varjui^&kh&prabhedabhinneyigurvedak&thake.'' ^ Grana pailadi. * S&tyamurgjas and l^tjamurgrjaBy Ch. 785. ; ^tjamurgryas, Ch. 376.; Pan.iv. 1.81. K&lopas, Ch. 785. 376. P&n. iv. 3. 108. Mahak&lopas, Ch. 785. 376. ; probably Mah&k&l&paa. Langalas, Ch. 785. 7 SardMas, Ch. 376. ; wanting in Ch. 785. ® Gana Kartakaujapadi. Kauthumas, Ch. 785. ; Gana taulvaly&di. o Sardulas, Ch. 785. BB 3 10. Pr&njalidvaitabhrits.^ 11. Pr&chinayogyas.' 12. Naigeya-Kauthumas.® The account given by the S. K. D. ia very different and in many places corrupt. Here we have, 1 . the Asur&yaniyas or Sur&yaniyaSy 2. V^rt&ntaveyaa, 3. Pr&njalas, 4. Rigvarnabhedaa, 5. Pr&chtnayogyas, 6. Jn&nayogyas, 7. RAn&yaniyas, The Rfi.nfi,yaniyas are subdivided into nine ; R&n&yaniyas, 8. S&thy&ya- niyas (or 6d.r&yaniyas, ^dthyamugryas), 9. S&tvalas (or S&tyamudbhavas), 10. Maudgalas (not mentioned in the Bh­a),. 11. Ehallalas, 12. Mah&khallavas, 13. L&ngalas, 14. Eauthumas, 15. Gautamas, 16. Jaiminiyas.