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Over this cave he laid a layer of stones, and to prevent the admission of water, poured molten lead on it. Over that again he laid another layer of stones, and passing a stream of molten lead (over it), which made it like a solid rock, he restored the river to its former course. Levying taxes even on skins, gums, trees, and stones, among other articles, he amassed further treasures, which he disposed of similarly. It is stated that he did so repeatedly. On this account we call this ninth brother of theirs, as he personally devoted himself to the hoarding of treasure, * Dhana nando.' " The appellation of * Moriyan sovereigns* is de- rived from the auspicious circumstances under which their capital, which obtained the name of Moriya^ was called into existence. " While Buddha yet lived, driven by the misfortunes produced by the war of (prince) Vidhudhabo, cer- tain members of the S&kya line retreating to Hima- vanto, discovered a delightful and beautiful location, well watered, and situated in the midst of a forest of lofty bo and other trees. Influenced by the desire of settling there, they founded a town at a place where several great roads met, surrounded by durable ram- parts, having gates of defence therein, and embel- lished with delightful edifices and pleasure gardens. Moreover that (city), having a row of buildings covered with tiles, which were arranged in the pat- tern of the plumage of a peacock's neck, and as it resounded with the notes of flocks of ^ konchos ' and ^ mayuros ' (pea-fowls), was so called. From this circumstance these S&kya lords of this town, and their children and descendants, were renowned throughout 286 CUANDBAGUFTA. Jambudtpo by the title of * Moriya.* From this time that dynasty has been called the Moriyan dynasty." After a few isolated remarks, the Tik& thus pro* ceeds in its account of Chftnakko and Chandagutto : ^^ It is proper that in this place a sketch of these two characters should be given. Of these, if I am asked in the first place, ^ Where did this Chftnakko dwell? Whose son was he ?' I answer, ^ he lived at the city of Takkasil4. He was the son of a certain Brahman at that place, and a man who had achieved the knowledge of the three Yedas; could rehearse the mantos ; skilful in stratagems ; and dexterous in intrigue as well as policy. At the period of his father^s death he was already well known as the dutiful maintainer of his mother, and as a highly gifted individual worthy of swaying the chhatta. ^^ On a certain occasion, approaching his mother, who was weeping, he inquired, ^ My dear mother, why dost thou weep ? ' On being answered by her, \ My child, thou art gifted to sway a chhatta. Do not, my boy, endeavour by raising the chhatta, to become a sovereign. Princes everywhere are un- stable in their attachments. Thou also, my child, wilt forget the affection thou owest me. In that case, I should be reduced to the deepest distress. I weep under these apprehensions.' He exclaimed: ^ My mother, what is that gift that I possess ? On what part of my person is it indicated ? ' and on her re- plying, * My dear, on thy teeth,' smashing his own teeth, and becoming ^ Eandhadatto ' (a tooth-broken man) he devoted himself to the protection of his mother. Thus it was that he became celebrated as the filial protector of his mother. He was not only a tooth-broken man, but he was disfigured by a CHANDUAQUPXA. 287 disgusting complexion, and by deformity of legs and other members prejudicial to manly comeliness. ^^ In his quest of disputation, repairing to Puppha- pura, the capital of the monarch Dhana-nando, (who, abandoning his passion for hoarding, becoming im- bued with the desire of giving alms, relinquishing also his miserly habits, and delighting in hearing the fruits that resulted from benevolence, had built a hall of alms-offering in the midst of his palace, and was making an offering to the chief of the Brahmans wotth a hundred kotis, and to the most junior Brah- man an offering worth a lac,) this Brabman (Chft- nakko) entered the said apartment, and taking possession of the seat of the chief Brahman, sat him- self down in that alms hall. '^ At that instant Dhana-nando himself— decked in regal attire, and attended by many thousands of ^ siwakft ' (state palanquins), glittering with their various ornaments, and escorted by a suite of a hun- dred royal personages, with their martial array of the four hosts, of cavalry, elephants^ chariots, and infantry, and accompanied by dancing-girls, lovely as the attendants on the devos, himself a person- ification of majesty, and bearing the white parasol of dominion, having a golden staff and golden tassels, with this superb retinue repairing thither, and entering the hall of alms-offerinff. beheld the Brah- man Chftnakko seated. On seeing him, this thought occurred to him (Nando) : ^ Surely it cannot be proper that he should assume the seat of the chief Brahman.' Becoming displeased with him, he thus evinced his displeasure. He inquired : ^ Who art thou, that thou hast taken the seat of the chief Brahman ?' and being answered (simply), ^ It is I ; ' 288 CHANBBAGUFTA. ^ Cast from hence this cripple Brahman ; allow him not to be seated/ exclaimed Nando; and although the courtiers again and again implored of him, say- ing, * D^vo! let it not be so done by a person pre- pared to make offerings as thou art, extend thy forgiveness to this Brahman ; ' he insisted upon his ejection. On the courtiers approaching Ch^nakko, and saying, ^ Ach&riyo ! we come, by the command of the rltja, to remove thee from hence; but in- capable of uttering the words, " Achftriyo, depart hence," we now stand before thee abashed.' En- raged against him (Nando), rising from his seat to depart, he snapt asunder his Brahmanical cord, and dashed down his jug on the threshold, and thus in- voking malediction : ' Kings are impious : may this whole earth, bounded by the four oceans, withhold its gifts from Nando,' he departed. On his sallying out, the officers reported this proceeding to the rflja. The king, furious with indignation, roared, ^ Catch, catch, the slave.' The fugitive, stripping himself naked, and assuming the character of an aji- vako, and running into the centre of the palace, con- cealed himself in an unfrequented place, at the San- khftrathftnan. The pursuers, not having discovered him, returned and reported that he was not to be found. " In the night h^repaired to a more frequented part of the palace, and meeting some of the suite of the royal prince Pabbato, admitted them into his con- fidence. By their assist^mce he had an interview with the prince. Gaining him over by holding out hopes of securing the sovereignty for him, and at- taching him by that expedient, he began to search the means of getting out of the palace. Discovering CHANDRAGUPTA. 289 that in a certain place there was a ladder leading to a secret passage, he consulted with the prince, and sent a message to his (the prince's) mother for the key of the passage. Opening the door with the ut- most secresy, he escaped with the prince, and they fled to the wilderness of Vinjjhft (Vindhya), "While dwelling there, with the view of raising resources, he converted (by recoining) each kahft- pana into eight, and amassed eighty kotis of kahft- panas. Having buried this treasure, he commenced to search for a second individual entitled (by birth) to be raised to sovereign power, and met with the aforesaid prince of the Moriyan dynasty called Chandagutto. ** His mother, the queen consort of the monarch of Moriya-nagara, the city before mentioned, was preg- nant at the time that a certain powerful provincial r&ja conquered that kingdom, and put the Moriyan king to death. In her anxiety to preserve the child in her womb, she departed for the capital of Puppha- pura under the protection of htT elder brothers, and under disguise she dwelt there. At the completion of the ordinary term of pregnancy she gave birth to a son, and relinquishing him to the protection of the devos, she placed him in a vase, and deposited him at the door of a cattle pen. A bull named Chando stationed himself by him, to protect him ; in the same . manner that Prince Ghoso, by the interposition of the devatit, was watched over by a bull.