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" " This sponr of Odin," tho learuod writer goes on to say, " is an equivalent of the 180 afivattha rod of the Atharva-veda incantation, and both are "wish- rods" especially adapted for bringing victory to their possessor. They have also another comic counterpart in a sort of wish-rod, which serves for administering a drubbing at a distance. With such a hazel implement, cut and prepared wish the proper for- malities, one has only to lay an old garment on a molehill or on a threshold, name the person intended, and whack away. That person will feel every blow as sorely as though he were actually under the stick, and if the old garment is beaten into holes so will it be with the skin of the absent sufEerer." " Popular tradition is tough !'* Reh razih. A flame to a rope. A red flag to a bull. Retakdlik guUhum poUh tdh wandas guUhum lockh. In summer I need a cotton pheran and in winter I need a woollen pheran. Everything in season. Pheran is the chief garment of the Kashmiri, both male and female, and in shape not unlike a big nightgown with sleeves " a mile long." Sometimes the colour of these garments is red and other times blue. When made from wool they are called lochli, and when made from cotton, potsh. " Probably" the pheran comes from the word pairfihan, the Persian for " garment." Beyih chhuh shabnamai tufdn. The dew is like a flood to the ant. Panjabi. — KiH nun tuthd darid- Risk gayov pardesh dewah neriam Rishih n6v tatih kuthioa tamih niskih. Nd-hahhahy Rishe, gari drak. A Rishi went to another country, to try and get his name famous there as a Rishi, but he got less celebrated than before (in his own country). O Rishi, you left your home without a cause. An emigre. Risk (Rishi and Rikhi) is a Hindu sage or saint. Rognn o zdfardn az Tampur. S/ig as Letapur brinj az Nipur ; Barrah az Nandapur. Pufiu o viuhi az Sopur , Mo iig az Krulap ur, Arad az Kh dmp ur. Shir az Shddip ur. Angur az Repur. Pampur (the place) for ghi and saffron. Letapdr for vege- tables. Nipur for rice. Nandapur for lamb. Sopdr for 181 pattu and fish. Krdlapur for di\. KhampiSr for flour. Shkdipur for milk. And grapes from Repur. Ropeyih katas knngar hand. A kaugar as a pledge for Rs. 100. A kdugar is worth a moro trifle. Rovmut gur chhuh skethah mohur. A lost horse is valued at GO sovereigns. Ruchkmakho luchk tak Uutmakho kachh. I trained you (at very great expense), a Ukh of rupees ; but I turned you off at a trifle. Losing a good servant on aocoont of some trifle. Rud petkui chhtk rab wutMn, Mud comes from a fall of rain. Pnnishment follows sin. Budd peyihe, kapad bowihe, Wurah iru'ijih karihah, korah potjah. If it rains and cotton grows, I will make for my stepmother a ** bran new " ph^ran. A conditional promise, as " When my ship comes home." A certain man was in debt and went to a friend for the loan of some money wherewith to pay it. He urged his request in the following words : — " O, my friend, please lend mo the money. For God's saJce help me to satisfy this impatient creditor. Deliver ma from this great trouble. After a little while I shall be able to repay yon with interest. The spring has come and the grass will grow over my land, and the people will send their flocks and herds to graze thereon, and then the wool of the sheep will catch itself in the brambles and thorn bushes, and I will go and collect the wool, and will spin it ; and when it is ready I will give it to the weaver, and he will make a blanket out of it, which I will sell, and buy a mare with the price thereof ; and when the mare has foaled, I will sell the foal for moro than one hundred rupees — if a man offers me only one hundred rupees I will not accept it ; and then I shall be able, and shall bo glad, to pay you.'* The friend laughed aloud on the con- clusion of this harangue. " Why do you laugh ?" said the debtor, " do you not think that it will bo as I say ?" Riihan pir chhih Jchush-hdl, The plrs are glad when people die (or over the dead). Cited when any one speaks evil of the dead, or takes pleasure in another's miafortune. There arc two ways of understanding the 182 Baying with respect to the p{rs,— either that they really are pleased because of the largesse and feast which generally accompany a funeral, or that they pray for the dead as though they loved them. The one way of interpreting it is as general as the other. Rut manivzen nah zah kdnih gatshanas Mt pdnai harih dhi pat. Do not pander to a sulky angry person ; and in a little while his sides will become weary, and he will come and beg for forgiveness. Rutnun tas, Ratun's dal. A stupid, extravagant servant. Gagar Wol, a collector, had a very stupid servant called Katun. One day when the master was visiting a certain village with his servant he told the chief farmer of the village to be so kind as to give some ddl, a kind of pulse, to his servant for his dinner. The far- mer, anxious like all other people, to ingratiate himself in the favour of the collector, gave the servant one kharw^r, or 192 pounds, of ddl. Eatun went and cooked the whole of this, — a mightly feast, some thirty or more big earthen pots full of steaming ddl ! As soon as Gagar Wol returned to his quarters he was terribly surprised to find that his servant had been so stupid as to cook the whole kharwar of dal. RynOy ryno ! hhdtir eJihm, benih chhai r&ntas rani chhai hii, O husband, husband ! Your idea is that a sister is a giant- ess and a wife is as jasmine. 183 S Sahur chliui sunnh sund fur. Patience is as a dish of gold. Tur is tho dish out of which tho PanditAnfa oat; a big roand deep brazen dish. Snfah khutah 8&f kyah ? Bekah. Zuyulih khutah zdyulhyah? Baldi, What is cleaner than the clean ? The forehead. What is finer than the fine ? Misfortune. The qnestions were Akbor's and the answers BIr Bal's. Undonbt- e<lly there is reference in the first question and answer to tho Hindu notion that every child's destiny is inscribed upon the fore- lioad at the time of its birth. Some say that Brahma writes this inscription, the Kashmiri Pandit says that Vishnu (or Han) does, Cf. note to " Yath niiraA hutihtui, *' Whatever is written upon the forehead " by the finger of destiny " is clean — clear — fixed ; and misfortune is a hard (fine) narrow way. Safar ckhuh kdfir. The way is like an infidel. A hard, unpleasant journey. Sahcd cMtas peth jahal. Angry over a little matter, Sohib chhuh bakhshanhur, God is a giver. Sahib chhuh kanih ialikit kemis tah krulas rezik wdtandwdn. God provides food for the worm and insect under the stone. Jehovah-jireK Solomon was once sitting by tho riverside when he saw an ant creeping along by the edge of the water with a grain of rice in its mouth. While the little creature was toiling along a crocodile camo forth from the river and swallowed tho ant, grain and all, and then took a dive into the water. In an hour's time the crocodile re- appeared and vomited the ant ; and the king noticed that there wad not a grain of rice in the insect's mouth. '♦ I wonder what the rea- son of this is, " said he aloud to himself. The ant heard these worda and replied, " God has planted a stone in this river, and in a hole iu that stone lives a little blind worm. So God ordered me to get 184 a grain of rice every day and take it to that worm ; and gave me for a help this crocodile to carry me down to the hole of that worm, as I could not reach there by my own means. Sdhibzddah-i-zamun hulcah laten lam6n. The son of the Lord of the Age is pulHng up vegetables. A great man busying himself in little matters. Sahhai diyih bur hur tali bakhail diyih yak bur. The generous man will give many times, but the miser will give once only. Samandaras inanz yirah gaUJiit Jcufs mulan thapah karuni* Floating in the sea to catch at the roots of the kuts plant. Catching at a straw. Kuts. Lidigofera heterantha. The twigs are used in making baskets. By the sea is here meant the Wular Lake, the largest lake in Kashmir. The natives say that Kashydpa, the drainer of the valley, brought a specimen of everything here, that could be found on the face of the earth : yea, he brought the sea also. The holy Shastras, too, declare that everything is to be met with in Kashmir, lions and all manner of beasts, all manner of birds and fruits and flowers, &c., &e.