English
Lokah hund Jcatit nethanun p&n ; Loikah handih rachhit neputrah pan. Spinning for others, and one's own back bare ; Nourishing other people's children, and oneself childless. Lokah hundih Widndarah methar dradani. To make one's friends happy at the people's wedding feast. De aUeno corio liberdlis. Lokah hunzi mdje putrah dag peyiyai. O, mother of the people, the pains of travail will come upon thee. Cited to a lazy fellow, who eats the bread of another's labours. Lokah sunz har chheh lokas diwai. The wrangling of the people is the people's pleasure. Not a few quarrels in Kashmir are excited purely and simply for the sake of a tamdshd. Lokan kiU wdnti gdv, meh kits shdnti g^fo. For the people a cow with milk, but for me a cow that doe& not give milk. " Everybody seems prosperous and happy except me." Lonchih lamun. To pull the garment. Asking a man to " pay up.'' Shopkeepers, and. especially, hawkers, frequently lay hold of a man's " phgran "until he pays for the goods just purchased. A mis- sion servant brought me a *' tsd,dar " or wrap the other day, saying that he had seized it as the owner had not paid for a book bought from our city book-shop. Lorih kutanis dastdr gandun. To bind a turban on the top of a small stick. To give work to a man who is unfitted for it. 127 Lorih minii put. Measuring pattii with a stict. A suspicious arrongomeHt, becaase a properly marked yard mea- Buro is tho proper thing. Pattu is a course woollen doth manufactured in Kashmir. The cloth is washed like blankets are waahed in Scotland, by trampling thorn under foet* Lorih piihi aantf pilwun. To extend a snake towards a man by means of a stick. Any mean false trick played by a friend. Lotiimanah $und fhap. The seal of Lotilman. A man careless of his aoconnts. Lotdman was a Kashmiri banker of great fame and reepeotability, but most careless concerning his books. He would pnt his seal to any ))aper presented to him . The consequence was that he suddenly found himself bankrupt, and ended his days most sorrowfully Luh nai dtih tah bud halih gaUhih paidah ? If there were no Cyoung) people, whence would the old peo- ple be bom ? " Toung and old, this and t'other, Cannot do without each other." Lusamatis Idyun, To beat a tired man. A sick man ordered to work, or a tired man asked to go a fresh journey. Luias tah huaas bdjbat. A partnership with plunder and uproar. 128 M MacJih Jcf/ah z&nih pdmpuri gat ? Will the fly understand the revolutions of the moth (around the light) ? A place for every man and every man in his place. Madav BUawani shoht han. Madav Bilav's little piece of ginger. A sprat to catch a mackerel. Mddav Bilav was accustomed to sqnat down beside any man he might see cooking his food ; and to give the man a little piece of ginger, expecting a good share of the meal in retnm. Mag aum drdg wuthui, Kdngri, Phdgun auwi zdgun tsoi, Kdngri. Tsithar auwi muthar piyoi, Kdngri, Wahek auwi ralieh Tcati, Kdngri. Zet auwi bret gayak, Kungri. Mdr auwi Idr laji, Kdngri. Shrdwun auwi ydwun surui, Kangri, Bddarpet auwi wddar peyi, Kdngri, Ashid auwi hdsid suzmait Kdngri. Kdrtik auvn ndrah-fih lazmai, Kdngri, Manjhor auwi konjih lajai, Kdngri, Poh auwi toh ludmai, Kdngri. January came and there was a famine for you, O Kdngrf.' February came and a plot was laid against you, O Kangn. March came and you were put to a mean use, O Kangri.. April came and where will you abide now, O Kdngri. May came and you were thought a senseless thing, O Kdngri. June came and you were pursued, O Kangri. July came and your youth was numbered, O Kdngri. August came and sickness fell to you, O Kangri. September came and I sent a messenger for you, 0 Kdngri. October came and I placed a bit of fire in you, O Kdngri. November came and you were a matter of anxiety, O Kangri. December came and I burnt, even chaff in you, O Kangri. 129 Tho Kdngri or Kdngar, as it is generally called, is the KashmfH portable fire-place. It generally consists of two parts, tho inner earthouwaro vessel called kumlal (somewhat like tho oharooal-bumor of Italy), whortnn the fire is placed, and its encasement of wicker work, sometimes very pretty, being tastefully ornamented with rings and brilliantly coloured ; a little wootlen or silver spoon (tsdian) tied to the handle (kdnjih) completes this oriental brazier, which may bo purchased in any Kashmiri bdzdr for the sum of ono dnA and upwards according to tho make and size. Should tho kdngar consist merely of an earthenware vessel a little ornamented, it is then called a manan. These arc principally used, I believe, in the Leh and LatUk direction. The l)c8t kAngara are said to be made in Zainager, a big village in the Kamrdz di.strict. IsUmAb&d, Shihib&d and Sop&r are also noted for good kangars, which arc very ofton called aftgr the places where they are made, e. g., IftUbnAUUli Kingar or Tsriri Kingar, Ac An onlinary peasant's kingar, Tory rudely made, is called Grfsti K&ngar, from gmst, which in Kashmiri means a husbandman, while a finely-worked, highly coloured kdngar osed by the wealthier class is called Khojah kingar from the Persian Khajah, which means a master, a gentleman, or man of some distinction. K&ngars aro also to bo met with in tho bAs&rs of those cities and villages, whither oppression and famine have driven the Kashmiri. I liave heard of them at Badrawih. Kashtawir, RAm-Nagar, Disanli, Niirp&r, Kdngrd, Amritsar, LndidnA and other places ; but the kAngars manufactured outside " the Happy Valley** always seem to bo of a very inferior pattern and quality, and to be used by a very limited class iudood outside the Kashmiri emigrants. The Kashmiri is very fond of his kingar, and wherovor ho goes A henever you soo him, whether asleep or awake, at work or at pUiy, . ittingdown or walking, he lias this little fire-place held in one hand underneath his loose, long, night gown-like garment called pheran, and in immediate contact with his stomach and thighs. As will i >o expected this very close familiarity generally proves very dan- porous ; a person is trip|)cd up by a stone in tho way and tumbles upon his red-hot k&ngar fire, or a child rolls in her sleep and upsets the tire-place, and bums herself, the b<3d<ling, house, and everytliing. There are really very few of the wealthier, middle, or lower classes who some time or another have not been more or less burnt from accidents with the kdngar. However, the kdngar continues more popular than ever, and not a few songs and sayings in its honour are extant in the valley. There is no doubt that this portable brazier keeps off many a disease front the poor Kashmiri, when so terribly exposed as he is sometimes to tho bitter winds, freezing rains, and biting hail ; — for King Winter now and again makes Kashmir tho centre of his dominions and rules supremo there. 17 130 A story is told of a native doctor, who once visited the valley to see what his skill could do for the poor people there during the severe winter season. On reaching Bdramula, the place where visi- tors change the horse, kahar and coolie for the boats, on their way into Kashmir, he noticed a boatman with only a loin-cloth on, squat- ting in his boat in the cold wind, and eating some cold food. The doctor thought that the man was mad and would certainly soon die. But the boatman had a kangar between his knees, and when the doctor on a closer observation saw this, he at once determined to return whence he came, saying, " The Kashmiri people have got their own antidote for their winter cold. There is no necessity for me to go there." It has been suggested that the Kashmiris learnt the use of the kdngar from the Italians in the retinue of the Mughal Emperors, who often visited the valley, but no reliable particulars have as yet been ascertained. I have enquired from high and low, rich and poor, but no one can tell me anything, fact or fiction, as to who originated, and whence originated, this popular and necessary article. (Other particulars, concerning the derivation of the word Kdngar and Kdngri, &c., &c., may be found in my article published in the August num- ber of the Indian Antiquary.) Magi slun kunun. Selling snow in the month of January. An unseasonable work. Makdrinih mdjih pat ah hanih pitur boi. Behind the bride is her cousin (on father's side). Take care. There's an enemy present.