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an ass's understanding) flee from you and good knowledge (lit. that derived from a study of the Vedas) stick to you. A Kashmiri Pandit's prayer before teaching his child, or before sending him to the Brahman to be ta,ught. Khar khenai Jihar-hMv, (Called an) ass-eater before he has eaten the ass. Undeserved blame ; a false charge. " Khar Icir/.yih. Ashnoi kyah .^" " Worked like an ass. What is friendship ?" Work is work, whether done for a relation or friend, or not ; and the labourer is worthy of his hire. Don't be afraid to ask for the money. Khar putis guri put lonahwani. Asking a colt as a gift after buying a young ass. It is the custom in Kashmir to give " a trifle in " with the pur- chase. This i?- called dast6ri. 105 Kharas gor yi'j A big sugar- biscuit for the donkey. Instmctioii is wasted apon the stupid man. Kharas kharJcharah. A comb for the donkey. Honour given to one not worthy of it. ^ Kharas hhasit tah huth path kun harit. Mounting the ass with his face towards the tail. A brazen-faced fellow. The whole saying is — Kharas hhasit tah buth path kun harit ; Knlahchan mattjanak kharahan phirit ! He mounted the ass with his face towards the tail ; And at night he asked the ass from them ! During the role of the PalhAns, debtors wore sometimes ponished by beiug maclu to sit apon an ass in this way and driven through the kizdr. A certain Pandit was onoo thos treated, and was sach I shameless man as to ask the government for the an, when his : iile was over. Kharis roj ddyanui garin. A wicked man's reign is of one hour's daration. KhatL dii tah ehh''h daptm^ zih fUiem chhih bar wathi. Giving a bill of divorcement, and the woman saying, ** The door is open to me** Some hope of re-iustalment. Khavfkahund chhui ? zih pananis mahalladurah sund. Whom do you fear ? My Mahalladiir. A mdhallaCLxr is an officer in cliargo of a division of the city. His principle duty seems to be to spy over the people in his district. He is always fee'd by the people, and generally hated by them, which is no very great matter for surprise. Kh^y kht'y gomut gh'is mautich chhas nnh khahar, £ating, eating, he has become lustful, and there is no care of death to him. Khfh gi'tvi gdsah dharmakih pdsah. O cow, eat some grass for the sake of dharma. Come let us bo friends again. Dharma is a Sanskrit word, and means the duties of the masses of the Hindu people. Sometimes these are called Abhi-dharma. 14 106 ■Should the family cow be sick, the owner will often stroke her neck and face, 'saying the above words. Great is the love of all Hindis, and especially of the Kashmiri Hindfi, for the cow. It is gratitude that prompts this affection, and has lead the Hindus to regard the cow as sacred — gratitude to the beast for sustaining them during their wandering southwards over barren mountain sand through treeless deserts. If it had not been for the cow's milk then, pro- bably hundreds upon hundreds of them would have perished ; and BO in gratitude to the cow, which furnished them with sustenance and carried their burdens, the Hindus magnified her into a god, and worship and honour her accordingly, Khemas hhdr iah horas nah Mr, I will eat his kharwar and not pay Jiim a cowrie. A bad debtor. Khenah hhewun tah mdshihwit. Eating dinner, but as if he did not want it. A very nice, prim, proud fellow. Khenah hhewdn tah wenah tsdri Udri. Eating his dinner, as though he were picking the wenah plant, Wenah is a plant like mint in shape of leaf and flavour. It is a favourite of Shiva's, in whose worship it is much used. Khenah khush hid tah humih dilgir. Happy enough at your dinner, but sorrowful when at work. " If any would not work neither should he eat." — II. Thess. iii. 10. Khenah manzah wukus. Separate from eating. A quarrel in the house j father and son will not eat together. Khenah myuth tah horanah tyuth. Sweet to the taste but bitter to pay for. Fly the pleasure that bites to-morrow. Khetah, mallah, Tcehtshdh. 'A'uzu di'llah. Ditah, mallah, hehtshah. Na'uzu bi^llah, O mullah, eat something. (Ans.) Let me fly to God. O mullah, give something. (Ans.) God defend us. Kheomut pdnsah wdpas dyun chhuh dandas bardbar. To give back a paisa that has been eaten, is equal to losing it. An " eaten paisa" means a spent pais^. Persian. — Zar dadan hardhar jdn dddan. 107 Kheti nii'ilik suett. The field must be always under the eye of the master {i.e., needs constant looking after.) Mind your shop and yoor shop will mind you. Khewm pdnas tah theh'in jahAnoi, He eats to himself, and then makes a boast (of his grand dinner) to the world. A selfish braggart. Kheyilieh Tnrnlia horiheh nah mAlif. lie would eat a Tsrol's money, but would not pay (even) his father. A man who will make money any way, but will not pay any onoi even, his own father. For Trol, cf. note " Kakhiri \aha% garah" Khidmat harizih nah Batah gunas hali wakari dapU ner punas. Never serve a vile Pandit, for after a hundred years (servicel he will tell you to go away. Khizmat chheh asamat. Service is groatness. Khojah byuth wn tah degUav sdn. The Khojah sat in his shop among the pots. Carpenter with tools, but no work, Ac. Shopkee{)ers make a groat display of pots, although aomeiimes there is nothing in them. A very poor Khojah is here supposed, all of whoso pots are empty. Khojah chhuh Jchushi haran hih nechuv ehhum gAtul ; nechuv chhus pdmah diio'in kih molui ohhum be-dkl. The Khojah is happy in the thought that his son is wise ; the son is reproaching his father for his foolishness. GulistcLn, chap. VI. — Khicdja $hddi kundh ki farzandam *dqil cut o pisar ta'na zandn ki padaram fartut ast, Khojah chhuh pathui tah fdv wot broiith, rhe Khojah is behind, but news of him has come on before. News beforehand. Khojah Hfiji Bundiyas suet mujih Hjioat, i'o go shares in a radish with Khojah U^ji Bandi. Little people cannot afford to speculate, though there may b every chance of making a lot of money quickly. 108 Khojah Hdji Bdndi was a great man in Srinagar. One day he saw his son playing with the greengrocer's son, and noticing that the other boy had a nice shawl on, he went off straight to the greengrocer and said, " Look here. I see that your business is thriving, and so would like to do something in ' your hue' for myself. Will you go partners with me ? Will you give me rupees 1,000, and allow me to spend the money in radishes ? I also will give rupees 1,000. and we will share the profits half and half alike. — You know how these vegetables pay for growing." The greengrocer agreed and paid the money. Radishes were purchased to the extent of rupees 2,000 and planted. When the month of February came round, the two partners determined to take up their radishes, but, alas ! they were every one a failure. The poor greengrocer was ruined, whilst the wealthy Khojah simply lost a little money. Khojah Momuni fhul, hah heni tah hah hanani. Khojah Mom's egg ; buy at the rate of eleven and sell at the rate of twelve. A non-paying concern, Khojah Mom once brought up eleven melons with him from Bdramula direction, to sell in Srinagar. On reaching the custom- house he was obliged to g^ve twelve melons as a tax for his eleven melons. He gave the eleven melons and then went and sold his blanket to purchase another melon to give the toll-taker. Things were, carried on in a very loose way in Kashmir in those days. Khojah Mom then went and sat down by a cemetery and would not allow the people to bury their dead without first giving him some money. In the course of a few days the king's son died and a great company, including the king, went to bury him. When the crowd reached the burial-ground, the Khojah went forward and said, " I cannot allow you to bury the body." The king enquired, " Who are you to speak thus ? " The Khojah answered, " I am the queen's brother-in-law," " Buh chhus Rani hund hahar." When the king heard that, he begged the Khojah to permit the burial of the body, and gave him a large present in money. On the king's return to his palace he told his wife about the relation whom he had met in the cemetery, and she replied, ' ' 0 king, how stupid you are ! Did you not know that men only have hahars — not women ?" A wealthy man, the Khojah now began trading again, and used to buy eggs at the rate of eleven and sell them at the rate of twelve. Cf.